EN 1371-2:2015
(Main)Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings
Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings
This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced by investment casting for general purposes.
NOTE Investment casting is sometimes referred to as lost-wax casting.
This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982 [3]).
Gießereiwesen - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: Feingussstücke
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Eindringprüfung an Feingussstücken fest, die nach dem Feingießverfahren für allgemeine Zwecke hergestellt wurden.
ANMERKUNG Das Feingießverfahren wird gelegentlich auch als Wachsausschmelzverfahren bezeichnet.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für alle Gussmetalle mit Ausnahme von Gussstücken aus Kupfer-Zinn- und/oder Kupfer-Zinn-Blei-Legierungen mit Kupfer als Hauptbestandteil (siehe EN 1982 [3]).
Fonderie - Contrôle par ressuage - Partie 2 : Pièces en moulage de précision (cire perdue)
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de contrôle par ressuage pour les pièces moulées produites par moulage de précision (cire perdue) pour usage général.
NOTE Le moulage de précision est parfois appelé moulage en cire perdue.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à tous les métaux moulés, à l'exception des pièces moulées en alliages cuivre-étain et/ou cuivre-étain-plomb, où le cuivre est l'élément majoritaire (voir EN 1982 [3]).
Livarstvo - Preiskava s penetrirno tekočino - 2. del: Precizijsko uliti ulitki
Ta evropski standard določa način preiskav s penetrirnimi tekočinami za ulitke, ki so jih proizvedli s precizijskim litjem za splošne namene.
OPOMBA: Precizijsko litje se včasih imenuje tudi tehnika izgubljenega voska.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za vse lite kovine, z izjemo ulitkov iz zlitin bakra in kositra in/ali bakra, kositra in svinca, pri katerih je glavna sestavina baker.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 1371-2:2015 - Founding: Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings specifies a liquid penetrant (penetrant) testing method for castings produced by investment casting (also called lost‑wax casting). It sets out how to perform penetrant inspection on agreed casting surfaces, defines types of penetrant indications and severity levels, and describes acceptance, classification, retesting, post‑cleaning and reporting requirements. The standard applies to all cast metals except copper‑tin and copper‑tin‑lead alloys where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982).
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and applicability: Targets investment castings for general purposes; exclusions noted for specific copper alloys.
- Test method: Implements penetrant testing in accordance with EN ISO 3452 series; choice of penetrant and operating mode is agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
- Operator qualification: Testing must be performed by qualified NDT personnel - qualification scheme to be agreed (e.g. EN ISO 9712 or EN 4179).
- Surface preparation: Surfaces must be clean and free from contaminants. Shot blasting is not recommended; if used it must be light and may require follow‑up chemical etching to avoid sealing defects.
- Viewing and magnification: Inspection by naked eye or minimum 3× magnification, with viewing conditions per EN ISO 3059.
- Indication types & definitions:
- Linear (LP): L ≥ 3W
- Non‑linear isolated (SP) and clustered (CP): L < 3W
- Aligned (AP): criteria for linear or non‑linear alignments
- Severity levels & acceptance: Tables define minimum indication sizes to be considered for each severity level. Classification uses a 25 mm × 25 mm reference frame (proportional adjustment for smaller castings).
- Documentation: Test report requirements follow EN ISO 3452‑1; Annex E provides a model report. Informative annexes include reference figures and guidance on discontinuity types.
Practical applications and users
EN 1371-2 is used where reliable surface defect detection on investment castings is required:
- Foundries producing precision investment castings (lost‑wax)
- NDT technicians and inspection teams performing liquid penetrant testing
- Quality managers and QA/QC engineers specifying acceptance criteria for cast parts
- Purchasers and design engineers defining inspection requirements in procurement documents
- Industries using precision cast metal components (automotive, energy, tooling, specialist engineering)
Related standards
- EN ISO 3452‑1, ‑2, ‑5, ‑6 (general penetrant testing principles and material testing)
- EN 1371‑1 (Part 1: sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings)
- EN ISO 3059 (viewing conditions)
- EN ISO 9712 / EN 4179 (personnel qualification)
- EN 1370 (visual surface condition assessment)
Keywords: EN 1371-2:2015, liquid penetrant testing, investment castings, foundry, lost-wax casting, NDT, penetrant inspection, acceptance criteria.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1371-2:2015 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced by investment casting for general purposes. NOTE Investment casting is sometimes referred to as lost-wax casting. This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982 [3]).
This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced by investment casting for general purposes. NOTE Investment casting is sometimes referred to as lost-wax casting. This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982 [3]).
EN 1371-2:2015 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings; 77.150.99 - Other products of non-ferrous metals. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1371-2:2015 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1371-2:1998. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 1371-2:2015 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gießereiwesen - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: FeingussstückeFonderie - Contrôle par ressuage - Partie 2: Pièces en moulage de précision (cire perdue)Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings77.140.80Železni in jekleni ulitkiIron and steel castingsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1371-2:2015SIST EN 1371-2:2015en,fr,de01-maj-2015SIST EN 1371-2:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1371-2:20001DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1371-2
January 2015 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Supersedes EN 1371-2:1998English Version
Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings Fonderie - Contrôle par ressuage - Partie 2 : Pièces en moulage de précision (cire perdue)
Gießereiwesen - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: FeingussstückeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1371-2:2015 ESIST EN 1371-2:2015
Indicative conversion of severity levels of linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications . 11 Annex B (informative)
Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications . 12 Annex C (informative)
Reference figures – Non-linear clustered indications designated CP . 13 Annex D (informative)
Reference figures – Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP . 14 Annex E (informative)
Model of a liquid penetrant test report. 15 Annex F (informative)
Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition . 18 Bibliography . 19
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The EN 1371-2:2015 standard provides a comprehensive framework for liquid penetrant testing specifically tailored for investment castings, a method often recognized as lost-wax casting. This document is crucial in ensuring the quality and integrity of castings produced for general purposes, particularly within the realm of cast metals. One of the key strengths of this standard is its precise and detailed specification of the liquid penetrant testing method. This clarity aids manufacturers in effectively identifying surface defects in investment castings, thus promoting the reliability and safety of the final products. By encompassing all cast metals, except for copper-tin and copper-tin-lead alloy castings-with copper being the major constituent-this standard addresses a wide array of applications across various industries, enhancing its relevance in the manufacturing and quality control processes. Another notable aspect is the standard's alignment with European regulations, which reinforces its authority and applicability across member states. The provision of a standardized testing method supports consistent quality assurance practices among manufacturers, ensuring that investment castings meet both regional and international quality benchmarks. The EN 1371-2:2015 standard's focus on investment castings underscores its importance in industries where precision and quality are paramount, such as aerospace, automotive, and medical device manufacturing. By facilitating thorough inspections of liquid penetrant testing, the standard not only contributes to improved product performance but also enhances overall safety for end-users. In summary, EN 1371-2:2015 stands out for its comprehensive guidelines on liquid penetrant testing for investment castings, its broad applicability across various cast metals, and its pivotal role in ensuring high-quality manufacturing processes.
EN 1371-2:2015は、一般的な目的のために生産された鋳造品に対する液浸試験方法を規定したヨーロッパ規格であり、主に鋳造技術の一環として、特に投資鋳造（失ワックス鋳造とも呼ばれる）における品質管理に寄与しています。この規格は、銅-スズおよび銅-スズ-鉛合金鋳造を除く、すべての鋳造金属に適用される点において、その適用範囲が広いことが特徴です。 この規格の重要な強みの一つは、投資鋳造に特有の特性を考慮し、液浸試験を通じて欠陥の検出精度を確保するための具体的な方法論を提供している点です。液浸試験は、鋳造製品の表面下に存在する微細なクラックや孔を特定するための効果的な手法であり、この方式が適用されることにより、製品の信頼性と品質向上が期待できます。 また、EN 1371-2:2015は国際的に認知された規格として、鋳造業界における標準化の重要性を強調しています。この規格の適用により、製造者は製品の欠陥管理を効率的に行うことができ、結果として顧客信頼を高めることができます。投資鋳造のプロセスにおいては、特に液浸試験が製品性能の保証に寄与するため、その重要性は高いと言えるでしょう。 さらに、この規格は鋳造金属に関連する未成形品の品質評価における基準を提供し、製造プロセス全体の信頼性を向上させる役割も果たしています。こうした背景から、EN 1371-2:2015は鋳造業界における液浸試験の手法として、非常に関連性の高いものであると言えます。
EN 1371-2:2015 표준은 투자 주조 공정으로 제작된 주물의 액체 침투 검사 방법을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 범위는 일반적인 목적으로 사용되는 모든 주철에 적용되며, 특이사항으로는 구리-주석 또는 구리-주석-납 합금 주물은 제외된다는 점입니다. 이는 구리가 주요 성분인 주물에 해당하며, EN 1982를 참고할 수 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 액체 침투 검사 방법의 구체적인 절차와 요구 사항을 명확히 하고 있어, 품질 관리를 위한 일관된 접근 방식을 제공한다는 점입니다. 투자 주조는 복잡한 형상의 주물을 제작할 수 있는 탁월한 기술로, EN 1371-2:2015는 이 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 결함을 효과적으로 식별하는 방법을 제공합니다. 또한, 이 표준은 유럽 전역에서 통일된 규제를 통해 투자 주조 주물의 품질을 보장하며, 제조업체와 검사기관 간의 신뢰성을 강화합니다. 이는 산업 표준을 준수하는 데 있어 필수적인 요소로, 고객과 소비자가 품질에 대한 신뢰를 가질 수 있도록 지원합니다. 결론적으로, EN 1371-2:2015 표준은 투자 주조업계에서 액체 침투 검사의 중요성과 필요성을 강조하며, 모든 관련 이해관계자에게 유용한 지침을 제공합니다. 이 표준을 통해 제조업체는 제품의 품질을 향상시키고, 시장 경쟁력을 강화할 수 있는 기회를 얻게 됩니다.
Die Norm EN 1371-2:2015 behandelt das Thema der Flüssigkeitspenetrantprüfung, speziell für Gussteile, die durch das Verfahren des Feingießens hergestellt werden. Diese europäische Norm legt eine Prüfmethodik fest, die für allgemeine Zwecke bei Gussstücken Anwendung findet. Sie ist besonders relevant für Hersteller und Prüfer in der Gießereiindustrie, da sie als Richtlinie für die Qualitätssicherung und -kontrolle dient. Ein bedeutender Vorteil dieser Norm ist ihre umfassende Anwendbarkeit. Sie ist auf alle Gussmetalle anwendbar, ausgenommen Gussstücke aus Kupfer-Zinn- und/oder Kupfer-Zinn-Blei-Legierungen, bei denen Kupfer der Hauptbestandteil ist. Dies gewährleistet, dass die Norm eine breite Palette von Materialien abdeckt, die in der Industrie verwendet werden, und damit eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bietet. Die Norm legt klar die Verfahren für die Flüssigkeitspenetrantprüfung fest, was die Relevanz in der Qualitätssicherung erhöht. Durch die Standardisierung dieser Prüfmethoden wird sichergestellt, dass qualitativ hochwertige Gussstücke produziert werden, die den hohen Anforderungen der Industrie entsprechen. Dies minimiert das Risiko von Fehlfunktionen aufgrund materialbedingter Defekte und trägt damit zur Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit der Endprodukte bei. Zusätzlich fordert die Norm systematische Ansätze zur Durchführung der Prüfungen, was für die Konsistenz und Verlässlichkeit der Testergebnisse von großer Bedeutung ist. Die spezifischen Anforderungen und Richtlinien bieten sowohl Herstellern als auch Prüfinstitutionen eine klare Anleitung zur Durchführung effizienten und effektiven Flüssigkeitspenetrantprüfungen. Insgesamt positioniert sich die EN 1371-2:2015 als ein kritischer Standard, der nicht nur die Qualität der feingegossenen Teile sicherstellt, sondern auch einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen Sicherheitsstandards in der Gießereibranche leistet. Ihr spezifischer Fokus auf die Verfahren der Flüssigkeitspenetrantprüfung macht sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Dokument für Fachleute in diesem Sektor.
La norme EN 1371-2:2015, relative à la métallurgie des fonderies, se concentre spécifiquement sur les méthodes de contrôle non destructif par tests de pénétration liquide pour les pièces moulées par fonderie à investissement. Cette norme est primordiale dans l’industrie de la fonderie, car elle établit un cadre pour assurer la qualité et la fiabilité des produits moulés. L'un des points forts de la norme EN 1371-2:2015 est sa portée clairement définie, qui s'applique à tous les métaux coulés, à l'exception des alliages cuivre-étain et cuivre-étain-plomb où le cuivre est le constituant principal. Cette exclusion permet de cibler plus précisément les pannes potentielles associées à d'autres types de métaux, garantissant ainsi que les méthodes de test proposées sont adaptées au type de matériau en question. Un autre aspect remarquable de cette norme est son adaptation aux spécificités des pièces produites par fonderie à investissement, parfois appelée fonderie à cire perdue. Cette technique de moulage est particulièrement prisée pour sa capacité à produire des pièces précises et complexes, et il est donc essentiel que les méthodes d'inspection telles que celles décrites dans la norme EN 1371-2:2015 soient appliquées correctement pour maintenir les standards de qualité requis. La pertinence de cette norme dans le secteur ne peut pas être sous-estimée, car le contrôle de qualité à l'aide de tests de pénétration liquide est crucial pour détecter les défauts invisibles à l'œil nu, qui peuvent compromettre l'intégrité des pièces moulées. En fournissant des directives claires pour la mise en œuvre de ces tests, EN 1371-2:2015 contribue significativement à la sécurité et à la durabilité des produits finis sur le marché. En conclusion, grâce à sa portée précise et ses méthodes éprouvées, la norme EN 1371-2:2015 représente un outil essentiel pour les professionnels de la fonderie, garantissant que les pièces moulées répondent aux exigences élevées de qualité et de fiabilité indispensables dans l'industrie.
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