EN 16402:2019

Paints and varnishes - Assessment of emissions of substances from coatings into indoor air - Sampling, conditioning and testing

This document specifies a reference method for the determination of emissions from coatings into indoor air. This method is applicable to volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds and volatile aldehydes.
NOTE 1   This document is aimed at describing the overall procedure and makes use of existing standards mainly by normative reference complemented when necessary with additional or modified normative requirements.
This document is mainly aimed at determining emission data in indoor air for the purpose of meeting national legislation requirements, and for the voluntary labelling of products.
NOTE 2   Harmonized product standards for coatings falling under the CPR can refer to this standard for the intended conditions of use.
This document applies to coatings for indoor use as listed in Clause 5.
It is not applicable for:
- coatings that are applied off site or coatings that are applied on site, prior to the structure being permanently weatherproof  except for the product type category 7 as listed in Clause 5;
- tinting pastes that are not ready for use as coating;
- non film-forming products like e.g. waxes and impregnations.

Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der Emissionen regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe von Beschichtungen in die Innenraumluft - Probenahme, Probenvorbereitung und Prüfung

Dieses Dokument legt ein Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Emissionen von Beschichtungen in die Innenraumluft fest. Das Verfahren ist für flüchtige organische Verbindungen, schwerflüchtige organische Verbindungen und flüchtige Aldehyde anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG 1   Dieses Dokument zielt darauf ab, das allgemeine Verfahren unter Verwendung bestehender Normen, hauptsächlich durch normative Verweisungen, die durch weitere oder modifizierte normative Festlegungen ergänzt werden, soweit erforderlich, zu beschreiben.
Dieses Dokument ist hauptsächlich für die Bestimmung von Emissionsdaten in der Innenraumluft bestimmt, um nationaler Gesetzgebung zu entsprechen, und für die freiwillige Kennzeichnung von Produkten.
ANMERKUNG 2   Harmonisierte Produktnormen für Beschichtungen, die unter die BauPVO fallen, können sich auf diese Norm für die Bedingungen der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung beziehen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Beschichtungen für Innenräume, wie in Abschnitt 5 aufgelistet.
Es gilt nicht für:
   Beschichtungen, die außerhalb des Geländes oder vor Ort angewandt werden, bevor die Struktur dauerhaft wetterbeständig ist, mit Ausnahme von Produkttypen der Kategorie 7, die in Abschnitt 5 aufgelistet sind;
   Farbpasten, die noch nicht für den Einsatz als Beschichtung geeignet sind;
   nicht filmbildende Produkte wie z. B. Wachse und Imprägnierungen.

Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des émissions de substances émanant des revêtements dans l'air intérieur - Échantillonnage, conditionnement et essais

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de référence pour la détermination des émissions des revêtements dans l’air intérieur. Cette méthode est applicable aux composés organiques volatils, aux composés organiques semi-volatils et aux aldéhydes volatils.
NOTE 1   Le présent document vise à décrire le mode opératoire global et recourt à des normes existantes, principalement sous forme de références normatives complétées, si nécessaire, par des exigences normatives supplémentaires ou modifiées.
Le présent document est principalement destiné à déterminer les données d’émission dans l’air intérieur dans le but de satisfaire aux exigences réglementaires nationales et de répondre aux besoins de l’étiquetage volontaire des produits.
NOTE 2   Les normes de produits harmonisées pour les revêtements relevant du RPC peuvent se référer à la présente norme pour les conditions d’utilisation prévues.
Le présent document s’applique aux revêtements à usage intérieur énumérés à l’Article 5.
Il n’est pas applicable :
-   aux revêtements qui sont appliqués hors site ou aux revêtements qui sont appliqués sur place, avant que la résistance permanente de la structure aux intempéries soit assurée, sauf pour la catégorie de type de produit 7 énumérée à l’Article 5 ;
-   aux pâtes colorantes qui ne sont pas préparées en vue d’une utilisation en tant que revêtement ;
-   aux produits non filmogènes tels que les cires et les imprégnations, par exemple.

Barve in laki - Ocenjevanje emisij snovi iz premazov v notranji zrak - Vzorčenje, priprava vzorcev in preskušanje

Ta evropski standard določa referenčno metodo za določanje emisij iz premazov v notranji zrak. Ta metoda se uporablja za hlapne organske spojine, polhlapne organske spojine in hlapne aldehide.
OPOMBA: Ta evropski standard je namenjen opisu celotnega postopka in uporablja obstoječe standarde večinoma kot reference, ki so po potrebi dopolnjene z dodatnimi ali spremenjenimi normativnimi zahtevami.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za premaze za uporabo v zaprtih prostorih, kot so navedeni v točki 5. Ne uporablja se za premaze, ki se ne nanašajo na mestu uporabe, ali premaze, ki se nanašajo na mestu uporabe, preden je struktura trajno vremensko odporna. Ne uporablja se za niansirne paste, ki niso pripravljene za uporabo kot premazi.
Namenjen je predvsem določanju podatkov o emisijah v zraku v zaprtih prostorih za namen prostovoljnega označevanja proizvodov, lahko pa se uporablja tudi za oznako CE in s tem povezano potrdilo o skladnosti v primeru proizvodov, ki jih zajema direktiva o gradbenih proizvodih.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Feb-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Aug-2019
• ICS: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 139 - Paints and varnishes
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 139/WG 11 - Sampling, conditioning and testing of paints and coatings according to the needs of CEN/TC 351/WG 2, Indoor Air.
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN 16402:2019 - Paints and varnishes - Assessment of emissions of substances from coatings into indoor air - Sampling, conditioning and testing

Relations

• Replaces: EN 16402:2013 - Paints and varnishes - Assessment of emissions of substances from coatings into indoor air - Sampling, conditioning and testing
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Overview

EN 16402:2019 – Paints and varnishes: Assessment of emissions of substances from coatings into indoor air – Sampling, conditioning and testing - defines a reference method for measuring emissions from coatings into indoor air. The standard covers emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde). It specifies how to sample, transport, condition and test coating products in a controlled test chamber and how to express results for a defined reference room and emission scenario.

Key technical topics and requirements

• Scope and applicability: Applies to coatings for indoor use; excludes coatings applied off-site before permanent weatherproofing (with some exceptions), non-ready tinting pastes and non film-forming products (e.g., waxes, impregnations).
• Sampling and chain of custody: Procedures for representative sampling, transport, storage and documentation to preserve sample integrity.
• Specimen preparation and preconditioning: How to prepare coating samples and coating systems for chamber testing so results reflect intended conditions of use.
• Test chamber protocol: Requirements for chamber climate (temperature, humidity), ventilation, air flow, specimen placement, loading factor and chamber cleanliness to generate reproducible emission data.
• Analytical determination: Methods for measuring VOCs, SVOCs and volatile aldehydes in chamber air; quality control and artefact awareness (e.g., Tenax artefacts).
• Calculation and reporting: Conversion of chamber data to specific emission rates and predicted indoor air concentrations in the reference room; standardized test report fields.
• Alternative/indirect methods: Guidance on simplified or secondary methods (screening, factory production control) and their correlation to the reference method.
• Quality and reproducibility: Annexes on repeatability/reproducibility and lists of regulated substances (informative and normative annexes).

Practical applications

• Regulatory compliance: Generate emission data to meet national indoor-air legislation and product labelling schemes.
• Voluntary labelling and green claims: Support eco-labels and low-emission product declarations by providing standardized emission results.
• Product development and QA: Use during formulation optimization, factory production control (FPC) and batch verification.
• Indoor air quality assessment: Provide input data for exposure modelling and building ventilation design.

Who should use EN 16402:2019

• Coatings manufacturers and R&D teams
• Accredited testing laboratories
• Product certifiers, ecolabelling bodies and conformity assessors
• Regulatory authorities and standards bodies
• Indoor air quality consultants, architects and specifiers

Related standards

• EN 16516:2017 (horizontal method for emission testing of construction products) - alignment and shared clauses
• Construction Products Regulation (CPR) - harmonized product standards for coatings may reference EN 16402

EN 16402:2019 provides a robust, harmonized approach to assessing coating emissions into indoor air, enabling comparable VOC/SVOC/formaldehyde data for compliance, labelling and product quality control.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 16402:2014
%DUYHLQODNL2FHQMHYDQMHHPLVLMVQRYLL]SUHPD]RYYQRWUDQML]UDN9]RUþHQMH
SULSUDYDY]RUFHYLQSUHVNXãDQMH
Paints and varnishes - Assessment of emissions of substances from coatings into indoor
air - Sampling, conditioning and testing
Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der Emissionen regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe von
Beschichtungen in die Innenraumluft - Probenahme, Probenvorbereitung und Prüfung
Peintures et vernis - Evaluation des émissions de substances émanant des revêtements
dans l'air intérieur - Echantillonnage, conditionnement et essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16402:2019
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16402
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.20; 87.040 Supersedes EN 16402:2013
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Assessment of emissions of
substances from coatings into indoor air - Sampling,
conditioning and testing
Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des émissions de Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der Emissionen
substances émanant des revêtements dans l'air regulierter gefährlicher Stoffe von Beschichtungen in
intérieur - Échantillonnage, conditionnement et essais die Innenraumluft - Probenahme, Probenvorbereitung
und Prüfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16402:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Terms relating to sampling and product . 7
3.2 Terms relating to emissions into indoor air and associated laboratory testing . 8
3.3 Terms relating to determination of emitted substances . 10
3.4 Abbreviations . 12
4 Principle . 12
5 Product categories . 13
6 Relevant substances emitted from coatings . 14
7 Intended conditions of use, Emission scenarios and European reference room . 14
7.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario . 14
7.2 Reference room and emission scenario . 14
7.3 Ventilation in the reference room. 16
7.4 Climate conditions of the reference room. 16
7.5 Time schedule of emission determination . 16
8 Product sampling and transport . 16
8.1 Population of the product to be considered for testing . 16
8.2 Sampling . 16
8.3 Transport . 17
8.4 Chain of custody . 17
8.5 Dispatch of samples, time schedule . 18
9 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 18
9.1 Storage . 18
9.2 Preparation of test specimen: Coatings . 18
9.3 Preparation of test specimen: coating systems . 22
9.4 Preconditioning . 22
10 Test chamber conditions . 23
10.1 Principle . 23
10.2 Dimensions of test specimen . 23
10.3 Loading factor . 23
10.4 Ventilation . 24
10.5 Air velocity . 24
10.6 Cleanliness of test chamber . 24
10.7 Testing climate (temperature, relative humidity of supply air) . 24
10.8 Storage of test specimen . 24
10.9 Large products or inhomogeneous products . 25
10.10 Volume of test chamber . 25
10.11 Placement of test specimen in test chamber . 25
11 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 25
11.1 Common requirements . 25
11.2 Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in test chamber air . 26
11.3 Determination of formaldehyde and some other volatile and very volatile carbonyl
compounds in test chamber air . 34
11.4 Other general aspects of quality control . 35
12 Calculation of specific emission rates and expression of results at the reference
room . 36
13 Test report . 39
13.1 General . 39
13.2 Sampling . 39
13.3 Handling of samples in the laboratory, preparation of test specimen . 39
13.4 Test chamber conditions . 40
13.5 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 40
13.6 Calculation of specific emission rates and expression of results in terms of air
concentration in the reference room . 40
14 "Indirect" methods . 41
Annex A (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility . 42
A.1 Repeatability . 42
A.2 Reproducibility . 42
Annex B (informative) Examples of indirect methods (also called simplified, screening,
secondary, derived or alternative methods) . 44
B.1 General . 44
B.2 Indirect methods-emissions testing . 44
B.3 Indirect methods specifying alternative procedures . 45
B.4 Other secondary methods — Prediction of results at specified time . 45
Annex C (informative) Information on very volatile organic compound (VVOC) testing . 46
Annex D (informative) Example of a form for the sampling report . 47
Annex E (informative) Example of a form for a chain of custody report . 48
Annex F (informative) Benzene artefact generation on Tenax TA . 49
Annex G (normative) List of non-carcinogenic VOCs . 50
Annex H (informative) List of carcinogenic VOCs . 58
Annex I (informative) Overview of test procedure. 60
Bibliography . 61

European foreword
This document (EN 16402:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and
varnishes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16402:2013.
The main changes compared to the previous version are as follows:
— alignment with horizontal standard EN 16516:2017 (especially Clauses 10 to 14);
— terms and definitions updated;
— new product category “Reactive coatings for fire protection of metallic substrates” added;
— new Clause 7.1 “Intended conditions of use and emission scenario” added;
— new Clause 7.2 “Reference room and emission scenario” added;
— Clause 9.2 “Preparation of test specimen: Coatings” revised;
— new Table 4 “Preconditioning of Reactive coatings for fire protection of metallic substrates” added;
— new informative Annex A “Repeatability and reproducibility” added;
— annex on simplified, screening, secondary, derived or alternative methods revised;
— standard editorially revised.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document aligns with the horizontal method (see EN 16516:2017) for emission testing of
construction products (developed in according to the Mandate M/366) and specifies the product
specific details for architectural coatings (and their relevant product categories) and reactive coatings
for fire protection of metallic substrates, as described in Clause 5. Clauses 10 to 12, 13.6, Clause 14,
Annexes B, and D to H are adopted from EN 16516:2017 without modifications.
Architectural/decorative coatings are not included in the Construction Products Regulation (CPR).
The determination of emission into indoor air is to be made under the conditions of use during the
service life. The determination of emissions specified in this document is associated with an emission
scenario which specifies the climate and ventilation conditions of the air surrounding the product in a
reference room. It is not applicable for the determination of emissions during the application.
A reference room is needed since it is not possible to evaluate emissions by testing in all possible use
situations. The reference room dimensions and the resulting loading factors, the climate and ventilation
conditions are the reference representing the general indoor air conditions. Based on the huge amount
of available European experience, it was possible to identify one emission scenario and one reference
room including a set of loading factors to be used.
This method is using a test chamber in which emissions are generated under conditions maintained
constant during the test. These conditions are selected so that the results could be expressed either as
emission rates or converted to concentrations in the reference room by calculations within the ranges
where such calculations are valid.
This document also addresses separately (see Clause 14 and informative Annex B) the simplified test
methods, indirect test methods, secondary/alternative test methods that provide within their specific
field of application a result comparable or correlated to the result of the reference method. Such
methods can be easier to apply and/or cheaper. They can be used especially for Factory Production
Control testing (FPC).
The aim of this document is not to develop a new testing method but to combine by normative
references the use of existing standards complemented, when necessary, with additional and/or
modified requirements so that architectural coatings for fire protection or metallic substrates can be
evaluated under comparable conditions with regard to emission into indoor air.
In particular, the horizontal test methods for emission testing of construction products (see
EN 16516:2017) as developed regarding to Mandate M/366 have been considered and will be taken
into account for further revisions of this document to ensure that comparable methods are applied for
construction products as defined in Mandate M/366 and coatings covered by the horizontal standard
EN 16516:2017.
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of emissions from coatings into
indoor air. This method is applicable to volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds
and volatile aldehydes.
NOTE 1 This document is aimed at describing the overall procedure and makes use of existing standards
mainly by normative reference complemented when necessary with additional or modified normative
requirements.
This document is mainly aimed at determining emission data in indoor air for the purpose of meeting
national legislation requirements, and for the voluntary labelling of products.
NOTE 2 Harmonized product standards for coatings falling under the CPR can refer to this standard for the
intended conditions of use.
This document applies to coatings for indoor use as listed in Clause 5.
It is not applicable for:
— coatings that are applied off site or coatings that are applied on site, prior to the structure being
permanently weatherproof except for the product type category 7 as listed in Clause 5;
— tinting pastes that are not ready for use as coating;
— non film-forming products like e.g. waxes and impregnations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13300, Paints and varnishes — Water-borne coating materials and coating systems for interior walls
and ceilings — Classification
EN 15824, Specifications for external renders and internal plasters based on organic binders
EN 16623, Paints and varnishes — Reactive coatings for fire protection of metallic substrates —
Definitions, requirements, characteristics and marking
EN ISO 13137, Workplace atmospheres — Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological
agents — Requirements and test methods (ISO 13137)
EN ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds
from building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method (ISO 16000-9:2006)
EN ISO 16000-11:2006, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic
compounds from building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test
specimens (ISO 16000-11:2006)
EN ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic
compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped
sampling (ISO 16017-1)
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in
indoor air and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test
chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using
MS or MS-FID
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms relating to sampling and product
3.1.1
sampling plan
predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation and transportation of product
samples
[SOURCE: CEN/TR 16220:2011, 2.3]
3.1.2
sample
representative portion of product or material selected from a larger quantity of product or material
Note 1 to entry: The term “sample” is often accompanied by a prefix (e.g. laboratory sample, test sample, test
specimen) specifying the type of sample and/or the specific step in the sampling process to which the obtained
material relates.
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990, 2.1.1, modified — Note 1 to entry was added]
3.1.3
laboratory sample
sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
Note 1 to entry: The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is
the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared by mixing, drying, grinding or by combinations
of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the
laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the
test/analysis or for the preparation of a test specimen.
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990, 2.5.5, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry were added]
3.1.4
curing
hardening of freshly prepared mixtures under well-defined conditions (time, temperature, humidity,
etc.)
3.1.5
curing time
minimal time defined necessary for curing before an emission test can be executed to obtain test results
that are relevant to in use conditions
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.1.3]
3.2 Terms relating to emissions into indoor air and associated laboratory testing
3.2.1
emission
liberation of chemical substances from a product into air
3.2.2
emission test chamber
enclosure with controlled operational parameters for the determination of volatile organic compounds
emitted from products
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.6]
3.2.3
intended conditions of use
conditions that a product is expected to experience during service life and that influence its emission
behaviour
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.8]
3.2.4
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or for
analysis
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990, 2.5.6]
3.2.5
test portion
quantity or volume removed from the test sample for analysis purposes, generally of known weight or
volume
[SOURCE: IUPAC:1990, 2.5.7]
3.2.6
product loading factor
ratio of exposed surface area of the test specimen and the free emission test chamber volume
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.8]
3.2.7
test specimen
part of the sample specially prepared for emission testing in an emission test chamber in order to
simulate the emission behaviour of the material or product that is tested under intended conditions of
use
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.16]
3.2.8
air flow rate
ventilation rate
air volume entering into the emission test chamber per unit of time
Note 1 to entry: Air flow rate is expressed in litres per second or in cubic metres per hour (l/s, m /h).
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.2 modified — The synonym ventilation rate and note 1 to entry were
added]
3.2.9
air change rate
ratio of the volume of air brought into the test chamber per hour and the volume of the empty test
chamber
−1
Note 1 to entry: Air change rate is expressed as h .
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.1]
3.2.10
specific air flow rate
q
ratio of air change rate and product loading factor
Note 1 to entry: Specific air flow rate can be expressed as the area specific air flow rate q , equivalent to ratio of
A
3 2
the air flow rate and the surface area of the test specimen in [m /m · h], which is equivalent to the expression
[m/h].
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.12; modified — Note 2 to entry was deleted]
3.2.11
emission test chamber concentration
mass concentration of a specific vapour phase organic compound (VVOC, VOC or SVOC) (or group of
vapour phase organic compounds) in test chamber air measured at the emission test chamber outlet
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.7]
3.2.12
reference room
room with specified dimensions, climate and ventilation used as a reference for calculating and
reporting product emissions, assuming inert surfaces
Note 1 to entry: In this document, a reference room is specified in 7.2.
Note 2 to entry: The reference room serves as a convention and is a model that does not represent a real room.
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.11; modified — Note 1 to entry was editorially revised and the
reference was changed to 7.2]
3.2.13
mass concentration of the compound in the reference room air
calculated concentration of a specific vapour phase organic compound (VVOC, VOC or SVOC) or group of
vapour phase organic compounds in the reference room
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.9]
3.2.14
specific emission rate
SER
emission factor
mass of a vapour phase organic compound emitted (VVOC, VOC or SVOC) per unit of product per unit of
time at a given time from the start of the test
Note 1 to entry: This definition is intended to avoid confusion between the terms q (in 3.1.2.13) and q with a
x
subscript (q , q , q , q , q used for specific air flow rate in EN ISO 16000-9:2006). The specific emission rate can
A L v m u
be related to area, length, volume, mass or unit, expressed as SERA in µg/(m ·h), SERL in µg/(m·h), SERV in
µg/(m ·h), SERm in µg/(kg·h), or SERU expressed in µg/(u·h).
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.2.13, modified — Emission factor included as synonym instead of as part
of the abbreviation]
3.2.15
chamber blank value
test result obtained by carrying out the test procedure in the absence of a test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Blank value is expressed in micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m ).
3.3 Terms relating to determination of emitted substances
3.3.1
LCI value
Lowest Concentration of Interest
substance-specific value, quoted in terms of mass concentration in the air of the reference room, for
health- related evaluation of emission levels from construction products
Note 1 to entry: This term can be used in conjunction with any available list of LCI values.
3.3.2
limit value
numerical limit derived from national, European or contractual provisions
3.3.3
R value
sum of all Ri values obtained during a given test
3.3.4
R value
i
ratio C / LCI , where
i i
— C is the mass concentration in the air of the reference room;
i
— LCI is the LCI value of compound i.
i
3.3.5
semi-volatile organic compound
SVOC
organic compounds which elute after n-hexadecane and up to and including n-docosane, on the gas
chromatographic column specified as a 5 % phenyl / 95 % methyl polysiloxane capillary column minus
all compounds listed in Annex G, which are considered to be VOCs and not SVOCs even if they elute after
n-hexadecane under the specific test conditions
3.3.6
target compound
compound for which the test result is compared with a compound specific limit value
[SOURCE: adapted from EN ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.12]
3.3.7
total semi-volatile organic compounds
TSVOC
sum of the concentrations of the identified and unidentified semi-volatile organic compounds, as
defined in 3.3.5, calculated by summing the reference room concentrations of every individual
compound (target and non-target, identified and unidentified) eluting after n-hexadecane and up to and
including n-docosane using the specified column, and calculated using the TIC response factor for
toluene after subtracting the blank values and after excluding compounds calculated to be below
5 μg/m using the TIC response factor for toluene, excluding all compounds listed in Annex G even if
they elute after n-hexadecane under the specific test conditions
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.3.7]
3.3.8
total volatile organic compounds
TVOC
sum of the concentrations of the identified and unidentified volatile organic compounds as defined in
3.3.11, calculated by summing the reference room concentrations of every individual compound (target
and non-target, identified and unidentified) eluting between n-hexane and n-hexadecane inclusively
using the specified column, and calculated using the TIC response factor for toluene after subtracting
the blank values and after excluding compounds calculated to be below 5 μg/m using the TIC response
factor for toluene, additionally all compounds listed in Annex G are included even if they elute after n-
hexadecane or before n-hexane under the specific test conditions
[SOURCE: EN 16516:2017, 3.1.3.8]
3.3.9
vapour phase-organic compound
VVOC, VOC, SVOC
all very volatile, volatile and semi volatile organic compounds
3.3.10
very volatile organic compound
VVOC
volatile organic compound eluting before n-hexane on the gas chromatographic column specified as a
5 % phenyl/ 95 % methyl polysiloxane capillary column, excluding all compounds listed in Annex G,
which are considered to be VOCs even if they elute before n-hexane under the specific test conditions
3.3.11
volatile organic compound
VOC
organic compound eluting between and including n-hexane and n-hexadecane on the gas
chromatographic column specified as a 5 % phenyl / 95 % methyl polysiloxane capillary column,
including all compounds listed in Annex G, which are considered to be VOCs even if they elute after n-
hexadecane or before n-hexane under the specific test conditions
[SOURCE: Adapted from EN ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.15]
3.4 Abbreviations
GC Gas Chromatography
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
LCI Lowest Concentration of Interest
MS Mass Spectrometry
q Specific Air Flow Rate
R Ratio of concentration and limit value
SER Specific Emission Rate
SVOC Semi-Volatile Organic Compound
TIC Total Ion Chromatogram
TSVOC Total Semi-Volatile Organic Compound
TVOC Total Volatile Organic Compound
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
VVOC Very Volatile Organic Compound
4 Principle
This document combines by normative references the use of existing standards complemented, when
necessary, with additional and/or modified requirements for the determination of emissions from
coatings into indoor air.
This document is not applicable to determine the emissions from a liquid or paste product during its
drying and/or curing period. In this document, emissions of volatile components emitted from the dried
and/or cured coating into the vapour-phase are determined in time intervals. For this purpose, the
following definitions apply:
— the intended use of the coating as defined in Clause 5;
— the emission scenario which specifies the typical dimensions of the reference room, the climate and
ventilation conditions of the air surrounding the product according to Clause 10;
NOTE 1 It is not possible to evaluate emissions by testing in all possible use situations.
— the test chamber of the reference method according to Clause 10 in which emissions are generated
under conditions that are kept constant during the test. These conditions are selected in the way
that the results can be expressed directly in terms of vapour concentration in the reference room so
that they can be converted for calculations according to Clause 12;
— the definition of sampling times for the emitted volatile compounds in the test chamber. These time
intervals are intended to give representative results for the long term emissions of the tested
coating at the service time and intended use.
This document also specifies requirements and gives examples of simplified test methods, indirect test
methods or secondary/alternative test methods (see Clause 14) that provide within their specific field
of application a result which correlates with the result of the reference method. Such methods can be
easier to apply and/or cheaper.
NOTE 2 In EN ISO 16000-9 the specifications regarding the dimensions of the reference room are informative
(i.e. left to the choice of the user). In this document they are normative in order to provide comparability.
Furthermore, the preparation of test specimen from liquid samples is not defined in the normative part of
EN ISO 16000-9.
5 Product categories
Only coatings and coating systems that are listed in Table 1 shall be tested according to this document.
Tinted products shall be tested in the same way as for white products.
The following product categories given in Table 1 for the intended use are addressed in this document
and detailed conditions for emission testing are described for them:
Table 1 — Product categories
Nr. Product category Description
This category covers all coatings and coating systems for interior
1 Interior wall paints
surfaces with decorative and/or functional end use according to
EN 13300 independent of the chemical type of binder or other
specific properties. Typical substrates are e.g. mineral substrates,
plasters, gypsum boards, wall papers. Intended use can be on
walls, ceilings or both.
2 Interior plasters with According to EN 15824. Intended use can be on walls, ceilings or
organic binder both.
3 Interior coatings, trim This category covers all coatings and coating systems for interior
paints and lacquers surfaces with decorative and/or functional end use other than
described in EN 13300 and having an intended use on
(small surfaces)
significantly smaller surfaces than walls, floors or ceiling. Typical
examples of this category of intended use are e.g. coating systems
for doors, windows, furniture or radiators. Typical substrates are
e.g. wood, wood-based materials, metal and plastics. If the
intended use is for large surfaces, category 4 is applicable instead
of category 3.
4 Interior varnishes and This category covers all coatings and coating systems for interior
wood stains surfaces with decorative and/or functional end use other than
described in EN 13300 and having an intended use on large
(large surfaces)
surfaces e.g. coating systems for walls, ceiling except for floor
coatings. Typical substrates are e.g. wood and wood-based
panels.
5 Interior floor coatings This category covers all coatings and coating systems for interior
floors with decorative end use.
6 Interior fillers Coating material with a high proportion of extender, in powder or
paste form, intended primarily to even out irregularities in all
backgrounds or substrates, including masonry and coating
materials, and/or to improve their surface appearance in order to
prepare them to receive when required a paint or related system
or a bonded cover. Intended use can be on walls, ceilings, both of
them or on small surfaces for repair purpose.
7 Reactive coatings for fire Reactive materials, as defined in EN 16623, which are specifically
protection of metallic formulated to provide a chemical reaction upon heating such that
substrates their physical form changes and in so doing provide fire
protection by thermal insulative and cooling effects. These
coatings can be applied on-site and off-site.
6 Relevant substances emitted from coatings
For products as listed in Clause 5, the following substances are regarded as characteristic emissions and
thus are covered by this document. The exact target list is given by the individual test protocol.
a) VOC,
b) SVOC and
c) Formaldehyde and other very volatile aldehydes.
NOTE 1 In comparison with other products emitting substances to indoor air as construction products,
furniture or electronic devices, coatings are characterized by small film thickness. In most cases, this corresponds
to a rapid decay of emissions and a close relation between the content of volatile substances and their emission.
NOTE 2 This does not imply that other substances are not emitted by coatings for indoor use. If a specific test
protocol requires the determination of other substances, the testing for these compounds has to be done by
methods not described in this document.
Other very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) can also be components of the liquid or paste product
but they are considered to be emitted very rapidly from the film during drying. Typical mechanisms for
chemical formation of VVOC from the dried film of coatings are not known except for aldehydes. For this
reason, further VVOC emissions are not considered to be relevant for the service life of coatings.
7 Intended conditions of use, Emission scenarios and European reference room
7.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario
The intended conditions of use describe the purpose, place and circumstances of typical application(s)
of a construction product as defined in a product standard. This includes the intended use, (e.g. for what
purpose, how the product typically is installed, etc.), and an emission scenario.
When determining emission into indoor air, the emission scenario specifies the climate and ventilation
conditions of the air surrounding the product in the reference room. The actual condition(s) of use in
reality may be different. It is not possible to evaluate emissions under all possible use scenarios.
Therefore, this document specifies a set of conditions that are generally agreed to be representative of
use of the product in “normal” indoor environments, such that all construction products can be
evaluated under comparable conditions.
These defined conditions assume a standardized installation of the product in the reference room with
standardized dimensions, climate and ventilation.
7.2 Reference room and emission scenario
7.2.1 General
In this document, only one reference room and one set of conditions are specified and used as
conventional references for any specification of emission rates and any calculation of the related
concentrations of emitted compounds in indoor air.
If any piece of legislation or a particular application of the test requires a different reference room then
the results may be transformed by calculations within the ranges where such calculations are valid (see
Clause 10 and Clause 12).
The reference room serves as a convention and is a model that does not represent a real room.
7.2.2 Dimensions and loading factors in the reference room
The dimensions of the reference room are listed below:
— the walls are 2,5 m high;
— floor and ceiling both measure 3 m × 4 m resulting in surfaces of 12 m each;
— there is one door of 0,8 m (width) × 2 m (height) (1,6 m );
— there is one window of 2 m ;
— sealants and other very small surfaces up to 0,2 m .
2 3
The total wall area (minus door and window) is 31,4 m . The total air volume is 30 m .
Using these reference room dimensions, the product standards shall specify one of the following loading
factors L in Table 2, depending on the product category:
Table 2 — Loading factors
No. Product categories Loading factor L
2 3
m /m
1 Interior wall paints (including effect coatings, structure coatings and

primers)
a) intended use on walls and ceilings 1,4
b) intended use only on walls 1,0
c) intended use only on ceilings 0,4
2 Interior plasters
a) intended use on walls and ceilings 1,4
b) intended use only on walls 1,0
c) intended use only on ceilings 0,4
3 Trim paints and lacquers (intended use on small surfaces) 0,05
4 Varnishes and wood stains (intended use on walls)
1,0
5 Floor coatings 0,4
6 Interior fillers
a) intended use on walls and ceilings 1,4
b) intended use only on walls 1,0
7 Reactive coatings for fire protection of metallic substrates 0,05
If the above surfaces and resulting loading factors do not represent the intended use of a specific
product, the nearest surface and resulting loading factor shall be applied. If a multifunction product is
intended to be used in more than one of the product categories in Table 1 it shall be tested according to
the product category with the highest loading factor.
NOTE In this document, the reference room dimensions and associated loading factors are normative and
correspond to a small normal living room. However, the corresponding loading factors remain similar to those
given in the informative annex of EN ISO 16000-9:2006.
7.3 Ventilation in the reference room
3 −1
A rate of ventilation with fresh air is specified at 0,5 air changes per hour (15 m h ) for the reference
room. This is considered, by convention to represent, normal indoor air conditions.
NOTE 1 Real air change rates can deviate significantly from 0,5 air changes per hour.
NOTE 2 In Clause 12, a calculation formula is given for recalculation of a test result (when expressed as
concentration in air) to another ventilation rate than the specified one within a valid range.
7.4 Climate conditions of the reference room
The climate conditions specified in ISO 554 and in EN ISO 16000-9, i.e. 23 °C and 50 % relative
humidity, shall be applied to the reference room to represent, by conventio
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