EN 61869-5:2011

Instrument transformers - Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers

IEC 61869-5:2011 applies to new single-phase capacitor voltage transformers connected between line and ground for system voltages Um ≥ 72,5 kV at power frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz. They are intended to supply a low voltage for measurement, control and protective functions. This standard replaces IEC 60044-5 regarding capacitor voltage transformers as well as IEC-PAS 60044-5 for capacitor voltage transformers. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61869-1:2007.

Messwandler - Teil 5: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für kapazitive Spannungswandler

Transformateurs de mesure - Partie 5: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les transformateurs condensateurs de tension

La CEI 61869-5:2011 s'applique aux transformateurs condensateurs de tension monophasés neufs connectés entre la ligne et la terre pour des tensions de réseau Um ≥ 72,5 kV aux fréquences industrielles comprises entre 15 Hz et 100 Hz. Ils sont destinés à fournir une basse tension pour les fonctions de mesure, commande et protection. La présente Norme remplace la CEI 60044-5 et la CEI-PAS 60044-5 relatives aux transformateurs condensateurs de tension. Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 61869-1:2007.

Instrumentni transformatorji - 5. del: Posebne zahteve za kapacitivne napetostne transformatorje

Ta del IEC 61869 velja za nove induktivne napetostne transformatorje za uporabo z električnimi merilnimi instrumenti in električnimi zaščitnimi napravami pri frekvencah od 15 Hz do 100 Hz.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Oct-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 16-Aug-2014
• ICS: 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 38 - Instrument transformers
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 38 - IEC_TC_38
• Parallel Committee: IEC/TC 38 - IEC_TC_38
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 21-Oct-2011
• Completion Date: 21-Oct-2011
• Directive: 2004/108/EC - Directive 2004/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
• Directive: 2004/108/EU - DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
• Directive: 2006/95/EC - Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (codified version)
• Directive: 2014/30/EU - Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (recast)
• Directive: 2014/35/EU - Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits
• Directive: 2014/53/EU - Directive 2014/53/EU of The European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC
• Ref Project: SIST EN 61869-5:2012 - Instrument transformers - Part 5: Specific requirements for capacitive voltage transformers

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60044-5:2004 - Instrument transformers - Part 5: Capacitor voltage transformers
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2023
• Corrected By: EN 61869-5:2011/AC:2015 - Instrument transformers - Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers
• Effective Date: 23-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2012
Instrumentni transformatorji - 5. del: Posebne zahteve za kapacitivne napetostne
transformatorje
Instrument transformers - Part 5: Specific requirements for capacitive voltage
transformers
Messwandler - Teil 5: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für kapazitive Spannungswandler
Transformateurs de mesure - Partie 5: Exigences additionnelles pour transformateurs
capacitifs de tension
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61869-5:2011
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61869-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.20 Supersedes EN 60044-5:2004

English version
Instrument transformers -
Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers
(IEC 61869-5:2011)
Transformateurs de mesure -  Messwandler -
Partie 5: Exigences supplémentaires Teil 5: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für
concernant les transformateurs kapazitive Spannungswandler
condensateurs de tension (IEC 61869-5:2011)
(CEI 61869-5:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-08-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61869-5:2011 E
Foreword
The text of document 38/411/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61869-5, prepared by IEC/TC 38, "Instrument
transformers", was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-05-17
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-08-17
This European Standard supersedes EN 60044-5:2004 regarding capacitor voltage transformers.
transformers - General Requirements.
This Part 5 follows the structure of EN 61869-1 and supplements or modifies its corresponding clauses.
When a particular clause/subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this Part 5, that clause/subclause
applies as far as is reasonable. When this standard states “addition”, “modification” or “replacement”, the
relevant text in Part 1 shall be adapted accordingly.
For additional clauses, subclauses, figures, tables, annexes or notes, the following numbering system is
used:
– clauses, subclauses, tables, figures and notes that are numbered starting from 501 are additional to
those in Part 1;
– additional annexes are lettered 5A, 5B, etc.
Annex ZZ of EN 61869-1 is not applicable for this part of the series.
An overview of the planned set of standards at the date of publication of this document is given
below. The updated list of standards prepared by IEC TC38 is available at the website:
www.iec.ch.
The updated list of standards prepared by IEC TC38 and approved by CENELEC is available at
the website: www.cenelec.eu.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
- 3 - EN 61869-5:2011
PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARDS PRODUCT PRODUCTS OLD
STANDARD STANDARD
61869-2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-1
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
61869-3 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-2
INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-3
61869-4
COMBINED TRANSFORMERS
61869-1 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-5
61869-5
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-7
FOR 61869-6 61869-7
ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE
INSTRUMENT
ADDITIONAL
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
GENERAL
REQUIREMENT
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-8
61869-8
FOR
ELECTRONIC CURRENT
ELECTRONIC
TRANSFORMERS
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS
DIGITAL INTERFACE FOR INSTRUMENT
AND LOW 61869-9
TRANSFORMERS
POWER STAND
ALONE
SENSORS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW-
61869-10
POWER STAND-ALONE CURRENT
SENSORS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW 60044-7
61869-11
POWER STAND ALONE VOLTAGE
SENSOR
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
61869-12
COMBINED ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER OR COMBINED STAND
ALONE SENSORS
STAND ALONE MERGING UNIT
61869-13
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61869-5:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60422 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60422.
__________
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Annex ZA of EN 61869-1:2009 applies with the following additions:

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60038 (mod) 2009 IEC standard voltages EN 60038 2011

IEC 60050-436 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 436: Power capacitors
IEC 60050-601 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 601: Generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity - General

IEC 60050-604 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 604: Generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity - Operation

IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - EN 60060-1 -
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60358 - Coupling capacitors and capacitor dividers HD 597 S1 -

IEC 60481 - Coupling devices for power line carrier - -
systems
IEC 61869-1 (mod) 2007 Instrument transformers - EN 61869-1 2009
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61869-5 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Instrument transformers –
Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers

Transformateurs de mesure –
Partie 5: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les transformateurs
condensateurs de tension
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 17.220.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-543-2

– 2 – 61869-5  IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and Definitions . 8
3.1 General definitions .9
3.2 Definitions related to dielectric ratings and voltages . 14
3.4 Definitions related to accuracy . 14
3.5 Definitions related to other ratings . 14
3.7 Index of abbreviations . 15
5 Ratings . 15
5.3 Rated insulation levels . 16
5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation . 16
5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals. 17
5.3.501 Electromagnetic unit insulation requirements . 17
5.4 Rated frequency . 17
5.5 Rated output . 17
5.5.501 Rated output values . 17
5.5.502 Rated thermal limiting output . 18
5.5.503 Rated output values for residual voltage windings . 18
5.5.504 Rated thermal limiting output for residual voltage windings . 18
5.6 Rated accuracy class . 18
5.6.501 Accuracy requirements for measuring capacitor voltage transformer . 18
5.6.502 Accuracy requirements for protective capacitor voltage transformers . 19
5.501 Standard values of rated voltages . 20
5.501.1 Rated primary voltages U . 20
Pr
5.501.2 Rated secondary voltages . 20
5.501.3 Rated voltages for secondary winding intended to produce a residual
voltage . 21
5.501.4 Standard values of rated voltage factor . 21
6 Design and construction . 22
6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment . 22
6.1.4 Liquid tightness . 22
6.7 Mechanical requirements . 22
6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals . 22
6.9 Internal arc fault protection requirements . 22
6.13 Markings . 22
6.13.501 Terminal markings . 22
6.13.502 Rating plate markings . 23
6.501 Short circuit withstand capability . 27
6.502 Ferro-resonance. 27
6.502.1 General . 27
6.502.2 Transients of ferro-resonance oscillations . 27
6.503 Transient response . 28
6.503.1 General . 28
6.503.2 Requirements for transient response . 28
6.503.3 Standard transient response classes . 28

61869-5  IEC:2011 – 3 –
6.504 Requirements for carrier – frequency accessories . 29
6.504.1 General . 29
6.504.2 Dra
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2012
Merilni transformatorji - 5. del: Posebne zahteve za kapacitivne napetostne
transformatorje
Instrument transformers - Part 5: Specific requirements for capacitive voltage
transformers
Messwandler - Teil 5: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für kapazitive Spannungswandler
Transformateurs de mesure - Partie 5: Exigences additionnelles pour transformateurs
capacitifs de tension
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61869-5:2011
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61869-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.20 Supersedes EN 60044-5:2004

English version
Instrument transformers -
Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers
(IEC 61869-5:2011)
Transformateurs de mesure -  Messwandler -
Partie 5: Exigences supplémentaires Teil 5: Zusätzliche Anforderungen für
concernant les transformateurs kapazitive Spannungswandler
condensateurs de tension (IEC 61869-5:2011)
(CEI 61869-5:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-08-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61869-5:2011 E
Foreword
The text of document 38/411/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61869-5, prepared by IEC/TC 38, "Instrument
transformers", was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-05-17
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-08-17
This European Standard supersedes EN 60044-5:2004 regarding capacitor voltage transformers.
transformers - General Requirements.
This Part 5 follows the structure of EN 61869-1 and supplements or modifies its corresponding clauses.
When a particular clause/subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this Part 5, that clause/subclause
applies as far as is reasonable. When this standard states “addition”, “modification” or “replacement”, the
relevant text in Part 1 shall be adapted accordingly.
For additional clauses, subclauses, figures, tables, annexes or notes, the following numbering system is
used:
– clauses, subclauses, tables, figures and notes that are numbered starting from 501 are additional to
those in Part 1;
– additional annexes are lettered 5A, 5B, etc.
Annex ZZ of EN 61869-1 is not applicable for this part of the series.
An overview of the planned set of standards at the date of publication of this document is given
below. The updated list of standards prepared by IEC TC38 is available at the website:
www.iec.ch.
The updated list of standards prepared by IEC TC38 and approved by CENELEC is available at
the website: www.cenelec.eu.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
- 3 - EN 61869-5:2011
PRODUCT FAMILY STANDARDS PRODUCT PRODUCTS OLD
STANDARD STANDARD
61869-2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-1
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
61869-3 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-2
INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-3
61869-4
COMBINED TRANSFORMERS
61869-1 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-5
61869-5
CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-7
FOR 61869-6 61869-7
ELECTRONIC VOLTAGE
INSTRUMENT
ADDITIONAL
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSFORMERS
GENERAL
REQUIREMENT
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 60044-8
61869-8
FOR
ELECTRONIC CURRENT
ELECTRONIC
TRANSFORMERS
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS
DIGITAL INTERFACE FOR INSTRUMENT
AND LOW 61869-9
TRANSFORMERS
POWER STAND
ALONE
SENSORS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW-
61869-10
POWER STAND-ALONE CURRENT
SENSORS
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW 60044-7
61869-11
POWER STAND ALONE VOLTAGE
SENSOR
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
61869-12
COMBINED ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER OR COMBINED STAND
ALONE SENSORS
STAND ALONE MERGING UNIT
61869-13
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61869-5:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60422 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60422.
__________
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Annex ZA of EN 61869-1:2009 applies with the following additions:

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60038 (mod) 2009 IEC standard voltages EN 60038 2011

IEC 60050-436 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 436: Power capacitors
IEC 60050-601 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 601: Generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity - General

IEC 60050-604 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 604: Generation, transmission and
distribution of electricity - Operation

IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - EN 60060-1 -
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60358 - Coupling capacitors and capacitor dividers HD 597 S1 -

IEC 60481 - Coupling devices for power line carrier - -
systems
IEC 61869-1 (mod) 2007 Instrument transformers - EN 61869-1 2009
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61869-5 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Instrument transformers –
Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers

Transformateurs de mesure –
Partie 5: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les transformateurs
condensateurs de tension
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 17.220.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-543-2

– 2 – 61869-5  IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and Definitions . 8
3.1 General definitions .9
3.2 Definitions related to dielectric ratings and voltages . 14
3.4 Definitions related to accuracy . 14
3.5 Definitions related to other ratings . 14
3.7 Index of abbreviations . 15
5 Ratings . 15
5.3 Rated insulation levels . 16
5.3.3 Other requirements for primary terminals insulation . 16
5.3.5 Insulation requirements for secondary terminals. 17
5.3.501 Electromagnetic unit insulation requirements . 17
5.4 Rated frequency . 17
5.5 Rated output . 17
5.5.501 Rated output values . 17
5.5.502 Rated thermal limiting output . 18
5.5.503 Rated output values for residual voltage windings . 18
5.5.504 Rated thermal limiting output for residual voltage windings . 18
5.6 Rated accuracy class . 18
5.6.501 Accuracy requirements for measuring capacitor voltage transformer . 18
5.6.502 Accuracy requirements for protective capacitor voltage transformers . 19
5.501 Standard values of rated voltages . 20
5.501.1 Rated primary voltages U . 20
Pr
5.501.2 Rated secondary voltages . 20
5.501.3 Rated voltages for secondary winding intended to produce a residual
voltage . 21
5.501.4 Standard values of rated voltage factor . 21
6 Design and construction . 22
6.1 Requirements for liquids used in equipment . 22
6.1.4 Liquid tightness . 22
6.7 Mechanical requirements . 22
6.8 Multiple chopped impulse on primary terminals . 22
6.9 Internal arc fault protection requirements . 22
6.13 Markings . 22
6.13.501 Terminal markings . 22
6.13.502 Rating plate markings . 23
6.501 Short circuit withstand capability . 27
6.502 Ferro-resonance. 27
6.502.1 General . 27
6.502.2 Transients of ferro-resonance oscillations . 27
6.503 Transient response . 28
6.503.1 General . 28
6.503.2 Requirements for transient response . 28
6.503.3 Standard transient response classes . 28

61869-5  IEC:2011 – 3 –
6.504 Requirements for carrier – frequency accessories . 29
6.504.1 General . 29
...