ISO/IEC TR 22560:2017
(Main)Information technology - Sensor network - Guidelines for design in the aeronautics industry: Active air-flow control
Information technology - Sensor network - Guidelines for design in the aeronautics industry: Active air-flow control
This Technical Report describes the concepts, issues, objectives, and requirements for the design of an active air-flow control (AFC) system for commercial aircraft based on a dense deployment of wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks. It focuses on the architecture design, module definition, statement of objectives, scalability analysis, system-level simulation, as well as networking and implementation issues using standardized interfaces and service-oriented middleware architectures.
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ISO/IEC TR 22560
Edition 1.0 2017-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Information technology – Sensor network – Guidelines for design in the
aeronautics industry: active air-flow control
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ISO/IEC TR 22560
Edition 1.0 2017-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Information technology – Sensor network – Guidelines for design in the
aeronautics industry: active air-flow control
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 35.110; 49.060 ISBN 978-2-8322-4920-8
– 2 – ISO/IEC TR 22560:2017 © ISO/IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 9
5 Motivations for active air-flow control (AFC). 11
5.1 Skin drag . 11
5.2 Approaches for Aircraft Skin Drag Reduction . 12
6 Objectives . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Fuel efficiency . 13
6.3 Hybrid dense wired-wireless sensor and actuator networks . 13
6.4 Standardized and service oriented wireless sensor architecture . 13
6.5 Re/auto/self- configuration . 13
6.6 Communication protocols and scalability . 13
6.7 Smart actuation profiles and policies . 14
6.8 High rate sensor measurement, synchronous operation and data
compression . 14
6.9 Troubleshooting and fail safe operation . 14
6.10 Enabling of wireless communication technologies in aeronautics industry . 14
6.11 Integration of wireless technologies with the internal aeronautical
communication systems . 14
6.12 Design of bidirectional wireless transmission protocols for relaying of
aeronautical bus communication traffic . 14
6.13 Matching of criticality levels of aeronautics industry . 14
6.14 Internetworking and protocol translation between wireless and wireline
aeronautical networks . 14
7 System description . 15
7.1 Overview of system operation . 15
7.2 Patch design . 16
7.3 Internal aeronautics network . 17
8 Micro-sensors and actuators . 18
8.1 Micro-sensors . 18
8.2 Actuators . 19
9 High level architecture for aeronautical WSANs . 21
9.1 Bubble concept . 21
9.2 Layered model . 21
9.3 Mapping to ISO/IEC 29182 Sensor Networks Reference Architecture (SNRA) . 23
10 Requirements for AFC design . 28
10.1 Sensing and actuation . 28
10.1.1 BL position detection and space-time resolution . 28
10.1.2 Efficient flow control actuation . 28
10.1.3 Patch intra and inter-communication . 29
10.1.4 Patch sensor data pre-processing, fusion, management and storage. . 29
10.1.5 Patch configuration, redundancy, and organization . 29
10.1.6 Sensors synchronicity . 30
10.1.7 Low power sensor-actuator (patch) consumption . 30
10.1.8 Patch data rate and traffic constraints . 30
10.1.9 Patch low complexity . 30
10.2 Sensor Network Communications . 31
10.2.1 Interference . 31
10.2.2 Wireless range and connectivity . 31
10.3 Aeronautical Network and On-Board Systems . 31
10.3.1 Full-duplex communications . 31
10.3.2 Compatibility with avionics internal network (ARINC 664) . 31
10.3.3 AFC interface . 32
10.3.4 GS interface . 32
11 Testing platform and prototype development . 32
12 Scalability . 33
Annex A (informative) System level simulation . 36
A.1 Architecture of the simulator and module description . 36
A.1.1 Fluid modelling domain . 36
A.1.2 Sensor and actuators configuration: patches . 36
A.1.3 Wing design, aircraft configuration, and propagation modelling . 36
A.1.4 Radio resource management . 37
A.2 Simulation metrics . 38
A.2.1 AFC metrics . 38
A.2.2 WSN metrics. 39
Annex B (informative) Turbulent flow modeling . 40
Bibliography . 44
Figure 1 – Drag breakdown in commercial aircraft . 11
Figure 2 – Boundary layer (BL) transition exemplified with a wing profile . 12
Figure 3 – Operation mode of the AFC system . 15
Figure 4 – Architecture of the AFC system . 16
Figure 5 – Array(s) of patches of sensors/actuators . 17
Figure 6 – Interaction with internal avionics networks . 18
Figure 7 – Flow control actuators classified by function [22] . 20
Figure 8 – Flow control actuators: a) SJA; b) Fliperon . 21
Figure 9 – HLA mapping AFC system. 22
Figure 10 – Mapping AFC system to the ISO domain reference architecture view . 24
Figure 11 – Mapping AFC system to the ISO layered reference architecture view . 25
Figure 12 – Mapping AFC system to the ISO sensor node reference architecture . 25
Figure 13 – Mapping AFC system to the ISO physical reference architecture . 26
Figure 14 – Prototype implementation AFC system . 33
Figure 15 – Data rate vs patch size. . 35
Figure A.1 – Simulator architecture . 38
Figure B.1 – Characteristics of turbulent flow with different Reynolds numbers
(reproduced from [31]) . 41
– 4 – ISO/IEC TR 22560:2017 © ISO/IEC 2017
Table 1 – Mapping of AFC system to the HLA layered model . 23
Table 2 – Mapping of AFC architecture to ISO architecture entity and functional models. 27
Table 3 – Mapping of AFC system to ISO architecture interface model . 28
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – SENSOR NETWORK –
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN IN THE AERONAUTICS
INDUSTRY: ACTIVE AIR-FLOW CONTROL
FOREWORD
1) ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective orga
...
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