SIST EN 12693:2008
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Positive displacement refrigerant compressors
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Positive displacement refrigerant compressors
This standard applies to positive displacement refrigerant compressors for stationary and mobile refrigerating systems and heat pumps defined in 3.1, hereafter called compressors.
It applies for compressors used in commercial and industrial appliances and with electrical energy supply including integral motors, up to 1 000 VAC and 1 500 VDC.
It applies to open drive, semi hermetic and hermetic motor compressors, which contain a positive compression function
This standard is not applicable to:
- compressors used in household appliance for which EN 60335-2-34 applies;
- compressors using water or air as refrigerant.
This standard does not deal with requirements for vibration and noise.
NOTE Noise emission depends on the complete installation of the built-in compressors and the corresponding operating conditions.
For semi-hermetic and open drive compressors which include moving parts and for which the external envelope is primarily designed for mechanical loads, thermal loads (to limit the possible deformation due to temperature), stiffness of the structure (external mechanical loads and weight of the equipment), taking into account established safe industrial practice, it is considered that pressure is not a significant design factor.
Attached parts covering other functions e.g. oil separators, oil coolers, suction accumulators shall comply to EN 14276-1 or EN 13445-6 (cast iron) or prEN 13445-8:2003 (aluminium) or showing compliance to the relevant European requirements. This applies also to shells for hermetic compressors either welded or with any kind of permanent joint.
Requirements for compressors used in explosive atmospheres are not covered by this standard.
NOTE For further guidance see EN 13463-1.
This standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to compressors, when they are used as indented and under conditions for misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This standard
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Verdrängerverdichter für Kältemittel
Diese Norm gilt für Verdrängerverdichter für Kältemittel nach der Definition in 3.1, die für ortsfeste und ortsveränderliche
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen verwendet und im Folgenden als Verdichter bezeichnet werden.
Sie gilt für Verdichter, die in gewerblichen und industriellen Anlagen eingesetzt werden und zu deren Energieversorgung
Integralmotoren mit bis zu 1 000 V Wechselstrom oder 1 500 V Gleichstrom verwendet werden.
Sie gilt für Verdichter mit offenem Antrieb sowie für halbhermetische und hermetische Motorverdichter mit
positiver Verdrängungsfunktion.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für:
- Verdichter, die für Geräte für den Hausgebrauch vorgesehen sind, für die EN 60335-2-34 gilt;
- Verdichter, bei denen Wasser oder Luft als Kältemittel dient.
Diese Norm enthält keine Anforderungen im Hinblick auf Schwingungen und Geräuschemission.
ANMERKUNG 1 Verdichter für die Fahrzeugklimatisierung können z. B. nach SAE J 639 entwickelt werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Geräuschemission ist von der Gesamtanlage des eingebauten Verdichters und den entsprechenden
Betriebsbedingungen abhängig.
Bei Verdichtern mit halbhermetischem oder offenem Antrieb, die bewegliche Teile enthalten und bei denen die
äußere Hülle unter Berücksichtigung bewährter und sicherer industrieller Verfahrensweisen vor allem im
Hinblick auf die Aufnahme mechanischer Lasten, den Widerstand gegen thermische Beanspruchungen (zur
Begrenzung der möglichen Verformung durch Temperatureinwirkung) und auf Steifigkeit der Konstruktion
(äußere mechanische Lasten und Gewicht der Ausrüstung) ausgelegt ist, wird davon ausgegangen, dass der
Druck keinen wesentlichen Faktor für die Auslegung darstellt.
Anbauteile mit anderen Funktionen, wie z. B. Ölabscheider, Ölkühler und Ausgleichsbehälter, müssen
EN 14276-1 oder EN 13445-6 (Gusseisen) bzw. EN 13445-8: (Aluminium) entsprechen, oder es muss
nachgewiesen werden, dass sie die einschlägigen europäischen Anforderungen erfüllen.
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Compresseurs volumétriques pour fluides frigorigènes
La présente norme s’applique aux compresseurs volumétriques pour fluides frigorigènes pour les systèmes
de réfrigération mobiles et fixes et les pompes à chaleur définis en 3.1, ci-après désignés par compresseurs.
Elle s’applique aux compresseurs utilisés dans les applications commerciales et industrielles ainsi qu’aux
compresseurs ayant une alimentation électrique y compris moteurs intégrés, jusqu’à 1 000VAC et 1 500 VDC.
Elle s’applique aux motocompresseurs ouverts, semi-hermétiques et hermétiques ayant une fonction de
compression volumétrique.
La présente norme ne s’applique pas :
- aux compresseurs utilisés dans les appareils domestiques pour lesquels l’EN 60335-2-34 s’applique ;
- aux compresseurs utilisant l’eau ou l’air comme fluide frigorigène.
La présente norme ne traite pas les exigences relatives aux vibrations et au bruit.
NOTE 1 Les compresseurs pour systèmes de conditionnement d’air de confort automobile peuvent selon par exemple
être développés selon SAE J 639.
NOTE 2 L’émission acoustique dépend de l’installation complète des compresseurs intégrés et des conditions
d’utilisation correspondantes.
Pour les compresseurs semi-hermétiques et ouverts incluant des parties mobiles et pour lesquels l’enveloppe
externe est principalement conçue pour les charges mécaniques, thermiques (pour limiter la possible
déformation due à la température), la rigidité de la structure (charges mécaniques externes et poids de
l’équipement), prenant en compte la pratique industrielle de sécurité établie, la pression n’est pas considérée
comme un critère de conception significatif.
Hladilni sistemi in toplotne črpalke - Varnostnotehnične in okoljevarstvene zahteve - Kompresorji za hladilne tekočine z iztiskavanjem
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Verdrängerverdichter für KältemittelSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Compresseurs volumétriques pour fluides frigorigènesRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Positive displacement refrigerant compressors27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps23.140VWURMLCompressors and pneumatic machinesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12693:2008SIST EN 12693:2008en,fr,de01-september-2008SIST EN 12693:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12693May 2008ICS 23.140; 27.080 English VersionRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety andenvironmental requirements - Positive displacement refrigerantcompressorsSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigencesde sécurité et d'environnement - Compresseursvolumétriques pour fluides frigorigènesKälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnischeund umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Verdrängerverdichterfür KältemittelThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12693:2008: ESIST EN 12693:2008
Basic design criteria for refrigerant compressors.24 Annex B (normative)
Procedure for the design of a refrigerant compressor.25 Annex C (normative)
Materials.28 Annex D (normative)
Determination of the allowable pressure at the maximum
operating temperature.30 Annex E (normative)
Determination of the allowable pressure at minimum operating temperature (requirements to avoid brittle fracture).31 Annex F (informative)
Compilation of material characteristics of often used materials.37 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.61 Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.62 Bibliography.63
This standard is not applicable to: compressors used in household appliance for which EN 60335-2-34 applies; compressors using water or air as refrigerant. This standard does not deal with requirements for vibration and noise. NOTE 1
Compressors for automotive comfort air conditioning systems can be developed according e.g. SAE J 639. NOTE 2 Noise emission depends on the complete installation of the built-in compressors and the corresponding operating conditions. For semi-hermetic and open drive compressors which include moving parts and for which the external envelope is primarily designed for mechanical loads, thermal loads (to limit the possible deformation due to temperature), stiffness of the structure (external mechanical loads and weight of the equipment), taking into account established safe industrial practice, it is considered that pressure is not a significant design factor. Attached parts covering other functions e.g. oil separators, oil coolers, suction accumulators shall comply to EN 14276-1 or EN 13445-6 (cast iron) or EN 13445-8 (aluminium) or showing compliance to the relevant European requirements. This applies also to shells for hermetic compressors either welded or with any kind of permanent joint. Requirements for compressors used in explosive atmospheres are not covered by this standard. NOTE 3 For further guidance see EN 13463-1. This standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to compressors, when they are used as intended and under conditions for misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). SIST EN 12693:2008
EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 1050, Safety of Machinery — Principles for risk assessment EN 1515 (all parts), Flanges and their joints — Bolting EN 1561, Founding — Grey cast irons EN 1563, Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons EN 1779, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Criteria for method and technique selection EN 10045-1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method
(ISO 15614-1:2004) EN ISO 15614-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 15614-2:2005) SIST EN 12693:2008
(see 6.5.2). NOTE 2 PSS ≤ PS 3.4 compressor overflow device device specifically intended to protect the compressor against bursting caused by abnormal conditions, e.g. the discharge valve shut. The device relieves from the high pressure/intermediate side of the compressor to a lower pressure side NOTE The device may be a bursting disc or may be a spring loaded overflow valve. Spring loaded overflow valves can be either back pressure compensating or back pressure dependent type. 3.5 Temperature load cases
3.5.1 min t0 100 lowest temperature at which component material can be used at a load of up to 100 % of the allowable design stress at 20 °C, taking the safety factors according to Table B.2 into account 3.5.2 min t0 75 lowest temperature at which component material can be used, at a load of up to 75 % maximum of the allowable design stress at 20 °C, taking the safety factors according to Table B.2 into account 3.5.3 min t0 25 lowest temperature at which component material can be used, at a load of up to 25 % maximum of the allowable design stress at 20 °C, taking the safety factors according to Table B.2 into account 3.5.4 fasteners screws, double end studs, reduced shank bolts, studs and nuts with designation system according to
EN ISO 898 and EN 20898 or EN 1515 (property classes) SIST EN 12693:2008
min t0 75 The lowest temperature at which the compressor can be used, if its load amounts to 75 % maximum of the allowable design stress at 20 °C, taking into account the safety factors
min t0 25 The lowest temperature at which pressure parts can be used, if their load amounts to 25 % maximum of the allowable design stress at 20 °C, taking into account the safety factors
PF Maximum allowable design test pressure MPa PS
Maximum allowable pressure in common sense, without regarding any influence of temperature MPa or bar a PSS Maximum allowable standstill pressure MPa or bar a PS0 Maximum allowable pressure at ambient temperature (− 10 °C to + 50 °C) according to strength design (without temperature correction) MPa or bar a PSTS max. Maximum allowable pressure at maximum operating temperature
MPa or bar a PSTS min. Maximum allowable pressure at minimum operating temperature MPa or bar a Rp 0,2 Proof strength, 0,2 % offset at room temperature MPa, N/mm2 Rp 1,0 Proof strength, 1,0 % offset at room temperature MPa, N/mm2 Rp 0,2 TS max. Proof strength, 0,2 % offset at highest operating temperature MPa, N/mm2 Rp 1,0 TS max. Proof strength, 1,0 % offset at highest operating temperature MPa, N/mm2 ReH Upper yield strength MPa, N/mm2 ReH TS max. Upper yield strength at highest operating temperature MPa, N/mm2
a 1 MPa = 10 bar.
NOTE 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 100 kPA = 100 000 PA = 14,5 PSI.
Moving parts Possible injuries to human body Guards 5.2 V Loss of stability Possible injuries at transport and operation Fixing points Lifting points Lifting points 5.3 5.4, 7.3.1 6.2.5 V D / V T Rupture or bursting Possible injuries from ejected parts or fluid Design criteria Strength test Tightness test 5.5 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.3.2 6.3.3
D T T V Electrical
Contact live parts Possible injuries from electrocution Design criteria
Earthing Internal wiring High potential test Protection devices 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5, 5.6.9 5.6.6 5.6.7 5.6.8,6.2.4, 6.3.4 5.6.10 D
D D T V Electrostatic phenomena Possible injuries from electric shock Earthing
5.6.6 D Thermal
Contact with hot or cold objects Possible injuries to the skin Warning 8.2
Contact or inhaling gasses Possible injuries from aggressive media at draining Means and instructions Warning 5.7 7.3.2 V V
NOTE Verification methods: V
Visual inspection, verifies the required features of the components T
A test or check verifies that the features provided perform their function in such a way that the requirement is met M
Measurement verifies that requirements are met to the specified limits D
Drawing and / or calculations verify that the design characteristics meet the requirements
Usually, compressors are released for more than one refrigerant. locked rotor amps shall be indicated at the rated voltage or at the average medium voltage if a range is specified, and at the
frequency giving the highest locked rotor amperage value. Measurements shall be taken with rotor firmly locked against movement and at stabilized current level maximum 4 s after the stator has been energized. Test shall start with the compressor enclosure at a temperature of 32 °C ± 8 K. 5.6.4 Protection against access to live parts Compressors shall be constructed and contained such that unintended touching of live parts is impossible as defined in Clause 6 of EN 60204-1:2006. Covers shall only be removable by using tools. Flow of refrigerant gas shall be conducted such that condensation of moisture around electrical connectors and terminals is avoided. Spacings between live parts (energized parts) and dead metal parts (non-conductive, non-energized parts) inside and outside the compressor enclosure shall be at least as given in Table 3. SIST EN 12693:2008
Spacings at the leads of tubed heaters for voltage range up to 250 V may be at least 1,0 mm if surroundings are protected against dirt. 5.6.5 Connecting devices Connecting devices shall comply with EN 60999. 5.6.6 Provisions for earthing Motor compressors shall be equipped with provisions for earthing according to 10.1 of EN 60034-1:2004. 5.6.7 Internal wiring Internal wiring shall be routed, supported or otherwise protected against bending and cutting. Insulation and supports shall be resistant against impact of vibration. Rough surfaces, sharp edges or contact to moving parts shall be avoided where wiring is installed. Sleeves shall be applied on motor winding lead ends where they are extended and fitted to connectors. Openings through which insulated wires pass shall have smooth, rounded surfaces. In case of sheet metal, openings shall be protected by bushings or sleeves. 5.6.8 High potential test The high potential test shall be made according to 6.2.4 and 6.3.4. 5.6.9 Insulating materials Insulating materials shall be resistant against refrigerants and lubricants used in the compressor and the refrigerant circuit installation. They shall be made from materials resistant against corrosion or coated to be corrosion protected. Impact of temperature by cooling and heating to temperatures which occur during operation of the motor compressor shall be respected. 5.6.10 Motor compressors protection devices Motor compressors shall be equipped with protection devices interrupting the motor current. These devices shall be such that the temperature of any accessible surface shall not exceed 150 °C under normal or abnormal operating conditions, e.g. locked rotor or failed phase / single phase condition (3 phase motors). Thermal protection devices shall switch off the motor current directly (e.g. line break device located inside the compressor housing) or act to interrupt the motor contactor in the control panel (e.g. electronic module). These devices may be of the automatic or manual reset type and shall comply with the requirements of EN 61010-1. SIST EN 12693:2008
Figure 1 — Flowchart: tests If a compressor is released by the manufacturer for different applications, the tests shall be made according to the most demanding requirements. All test results shall be recorded. NOTE Instead of a strength type test (6.2.2) also an individual strength test according to 6.3.2.2 can be performed. SIST EN 12693:2008
the opening pressure is 1,1 × PS, the massflow is calculated to critical flow, and the calculated massflow shall be higher than the delivery rate of the compressor, is sufficient. SIST EN 12693:2008
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