SIST EN 14765:2006
(Main)Bicycles for young children - Safety requirements and test methods
Bicycles for young children - Safety requirements and test methods
This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for bicycles for young children, in respect of the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies. Guidelines for instructions on the use and care of bicycles are also provided.
This European Standard applies to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than
635 mm (typical rider weight of 30 kg), and propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel.
This European Standard does not apply to special bicycles intended for stunting (e.g. BMX bicycles).
NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm see EN 71 and for bicycles with a saddle height of 635 mm or more see prEN 14764.
Kinderfahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Leistung und die Sicherheitstechnik für Fahrräder für Kin-der
hinsichtlich ihrer Konstruktion, ihrer Montage und der Prüfverfahren für diese Fahrräder und deren Bau-gruppen
fest und enthält Anleitungen zur Benutzung und Pflege dieser Fahrräder.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Fahrräder mit einer maximalen Sattelhöhe von mehr als 435 mm und weniger
als 635 mm (typisches Fahrergewicht von 30 kg), die durch Kraftübertragung auf das Hinterrad angetrieben
werden.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für besondere Fahrräder, die für Trickfahrten bestimmt sind (z. B. BMX-Fahrräder).
ANMERKUNG Fahrräder mit einer maximale Sattelhöhe von 435 mm siehe EN 71 und mit einer maximalen Sattelhöhe
über 635 mm siehe prEN 14764.
Bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
La présente norme européenne prescrit les méthodes d'essai et les exigences de sécurité et de performance a observer lors de la conception, de l’assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes pour jeunes enfants et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant l'utilisation et l'entretien de celles-ci.
La présente norme européenne est applicable aux bicyclettes qui ont une hauteur maximale de selle comprise entre 435 mm et 635 mm (poids typique du cycliste : 30 kg) et qui sont propulsées par une force transmise a la roue arriere.
La présente norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux bicyclettes spéciales prévues pour le « stunting » (par exemple, les bicyclettes BMX).
NOTE Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur maximale de selle est de 435 mm, se reporter a la norme EN 71 ; pour une hauteur de selle supérieure ou égale a 635 mm, se reporter a la norme EN 14764.
Kolesa za otroke – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bicycles for young children - Safety requirements and test methodsKolesa za otroke – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metodeBicyclettes pour jeunes enfants - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essaiKinderfahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14765:2005SIST EN 14765:2006en97.19043.150ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14765:200601-september-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14765November 2005ICS 43.150; 97.190 English VersionBicycles for young children - Safety requirements and testmethodsBicyclettes pour jeunes enfants - Exigences de sécurité etméthodes d'essaiKinderfahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen undPrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14765:2005: E
EN 14765:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Requirements and test methods.7 4.1 Brake tests and strength tests – special requirements.7 4.1.1 Definition of brake tests.7 4.1.2 Definition of strength tests.7 4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests.7 4.1.4 Accuracy tolerances of test conditions for brake tests and strength tests.8 4.2 Toxicity.8 4.3 Sharp edges.8 4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners.8 4.4.1 Security of screws.8 4.4.2 Minimum failure torque.8 4.4.3 Quick-release devices.8 4.4.4 Foot location devices.8 4.5 Crack detection methods.9 4.6 Protrusions.9 4.6.1 Requirement.9 4.6.2 Test method.10 4.7 Brakes.11 4.7.1 Braking-systems.11 4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes.11 4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements.14 4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — security test.14 4.7.5 Brake adjustment.14 4.7.6 Back-pedal brake.15 4.7.7 Braking-system — strength tests.15 4.7.8 Braking performance.18 4.8 Steering.19 4.8.1 Handlebar — dimensions and end fittings.19 4.8.2 Handlebar grips.19 4.8.3 Handlebar-stem — insertion depth mark or positive stop.20 4.8.4 Steering stability.20 4.8.5 Steering assembly — static strength and security tests.20 4.8.6 Handlebar and stem assembly – fatigue test.24 4.9 Frames.26 4.9.1 Frame and front fork assembly – impact test (falling mass).26 4.9.2 Frame and front fork assembly – impact test (falling frame).28 4.10 Front fork.29 4.10.1 General.29 4.10.2 Front fork – bending fatigue test.29 4.11 Wheels.29 4.11.1 Rotational accuracy.29 4.11.2 Wheel/tyre assembly – clearance.31 4.11.3 Wheel/tyre assembly – static strength test.31 4.11.4 Wheel retention.31 4.12 Rims, tyres and tubes.32
EN 14765:2005 (E) 3 4.12.1 Tyre inflation pressure.32 4.12.2 Tyre and rim compatibility.32 4.13 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system.33 4.13.1 Pedal tread.33 4.13.2 Pedal clearance.33 4.13.3 Pedal-spindle impact test.34 4.13.4 Pedal/pedal-spindle —dynamic durability test.35 4.13.5 Drive system static strength test.36 4.13.6 Crank assembly — fatigue tests.37 4.14 Saddles and seat-pillars.38 4.14.1 Limiting dimensions.38 4.14.2 Seat-pillar – insertion-depth mark or positive stop.38 4.14.3 Saddle and seat pillar – security test.39 4.14.4 Saddle — static strength test.39 4.14.5 Seat-pillar — fatigue test.40 4.15 Chain-guard.41 4.16 Stabilizers.42 4.16.1 Mounting and dismounting.42 4.16.2 Dimensions.42 4.16.3 Vertical load test.42 4.16.4 Longitudinal load test.43 4.17 Luggage carriers.44 4.18 Lighting systems and reflectors.44 4.18.1 Lighting and reflectors.44 4.18.2 Wiring harness.44 4.18.3 Warning device.44 5 Instructions.44 6 Marking.45 6.1 Requirement.45 6.2 Durability test.46 6.2.1 Requirement.46 6.2.2 Test method.46 Annex A (informative)
Steering geometry.47 Bibliography.48
EN 14765:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14765:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2006 This European Standard is one of a series, dealing with cycles. European Standards in this series are: EN 14764 City and trekking bicycles — Safety requirements and test methods TC 333 WI 00333002 Cycles — Vocabulary – Terminology (ISO 8090: Modified) EN 14766 Mountain-bicycles — Safety requirements and test methods EN 14781 Racing bicycles — Safety requirements and test methods prEN 14872 Bicycles — Accessories for bicycles — Luggage carriers prEN 15194 Cycles — Electrically power assisted cycles — EPAC bicycle According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe, and the aim has been to ensure that bicycles manufactured in compliance with it will be as safe as is practically possible. The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the design stage onwards. If the bicycle is intended for the use on public roads, national traffic regulations apply. The scope has been limited to safety considerations, and has specifically avoided standardisation of components. No requirements on lighting equipment, reflectors and warning devices are specified in this European Standard, due to the existence of several different national regulations applicable in the European countries.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements and test methods for bicycles for young children, in respect of the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies. Guidelines for instructions on the use and care of bicycles are also provided. This European Standard applies to bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than
635 mm (typical rider weight of 30 kg), and propelled by a transmitted drive to the rear wheel. This European Standard does not apply to special bicycles intended for stunting (e.g. BMX bicycles). NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm see EN 71 and for bicycles with a saddle height of 635 mm or more see prEN 14764. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 71-3, Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements prEN 14872, Bicycles — Accessories for bicycles — Luggage carriers ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out ISO 5775-1, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 1: Tyre designations and dimensions ISO 5775-2, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 2: Rims ISO 7636, Bells for bicycles and mopeds — Technical specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cycle any vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.2 bicycle two-wheeled cycle 3.3 maximum saddle height vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, measured with the seat in a horizontal position with the seat pillar set to the minimum insertion depth [EN 71] 3.4 braking force tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test machine
EN 14765:2005 (E) 7 3.5 pedal tread surface surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot 3.6 toe-strap device to securely locate a rider's shoe on a pedal 3.7 toe-clip device attached to the pedal to grip the toe end of the rider's shoe but permitting withdrawal of the shoe 3.8 maximum inflation pressure maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer for a safe and efficient performance 3.9 stabilizers removable auxiliary wheels fitted to enable the rider to balance 3.10 crank assembly for fatigue testing it consists of the two cranks, the pedal-spindles or adaptors , the bottom-bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system, e.g. the chain-wheel cluster 3.11 exposed protrusion protrusion which through its location and rigidity could present a hazard to the rider either through heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident 3.12 quick-release devices device to fix or release a part without the use of a tool 3.13 visible crack crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye 4 Requirements and test methods 4.1 Brake tests and strength tests – special requirements 4.1.1 Definition of brake tests Brake tests to which accuracy requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those specified in 4.7.2.2.3 to 4.7.8.4 inclusive. 4.1.2 Definition of strength tests Strength tests to which accuracy requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those involving static, impact or fatigue loading as specified in 4.8 to 4.14 inclusive and 4.16. 4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of the tests on the same sample with the sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 8 When more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded in the test report or record of testing. NOTE It should be noted that if more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier test can influence the results of subsequent tests. Also, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct comparison with single testing is not possible.
In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully finished condition. 4.1.4 Accuracy tolerances of test conditions for brake tests and strength tests Unless stated otherwise, accuracy tolerances based on the nominal values shall be as follows: Forces and torques
0/+5 % Masses and weights
± 1 % Dimensions
± 1 mm Angles
± 1° Time duration
± 5 s Temperatures
± 2 °C Pressures
± 5 %
4.2 Toxicity The following items which come into intimate contact with the rider (i.e. causing any hazard due to sucking or licking) shall comply with the requirements of EN 71-3: - all paints; - handlebar handgrips; - surface of the saddle. 4.3 Sharp edges Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp. 4.4 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners 4.4.1 Security of screws Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems or screws used to attach e.g. generators, brake-mechanisms and mud-guards to the frame or fork or handlebar shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g., lock-washers, lock-nuts, or stiff nuts. 4.4.2 Minimum failure torque The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar-stems, bar-ends, seats and seat-pillars shall be at least 50 % greater than the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque. 4.4.3 Quick-release devices No quick-release devices of any type shall be used. 4.4.4 Foot location devices Toe-straps and toe-clips shall not be fitted.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 9 4.5 Crack detection methods Standardised methods should be used to emphasise the presence of cracks where visible cracks are specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this European Standard. NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452. 4.6 Protrusions 4.6.1 Requirement 4.6.1.1 Exposed protrusions Any rigid exposed protrusion longer than 8 mm (see L in Figure 1) after assembly except: a) the front gear-change mechanism at the chain wheel; b) the gear-change mechanism at the rear wheel; c) the rim-brake mechanism at the front and rear wheels; d) a lamp-bracket fitted on the head-tube; e) reflectors shall terminate in a radius, R (see Figure 1), of not less than 6,3 mm. Such protrusions shall have a major end dimension, A, not less than 12,7 mm and a minor dimension, B, not less than 3,2 mm.
Dimensions in millimetres
R ≥ 6,3
A ≥ 12,7
B ≥ 3,2 Figure 1 — Examples of minimum dimensions of exposed protrusions 4.6.1.2 Exclusion zone, protective devices and screw threads There shall be no protrusions on the top tube of a bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, with the exception that control cables no greater than 6,4 mm in diameter and cable clamps made from material no thicker than 4,8 mm may be attached to the top tube.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 10 Foam pads attached to the bicycle frame to act as protective cushions are permitted, provided that the bicycle meets the requirements for protrusions when the pads are removed. A screw thread that is an exposed protrusion shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating part. 4.6.2 Test method Conduct the test with a protrusion test cylinder (which simulates a limb) having the dimensions shown in Figure 2. Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Exposed protrusion test cylinder Manoeuvre the test cylinder in all possible attitudes towards any rigid protrusion on the bicycle. If the central 50 mm long section of the cylinder contacts the protrusion, that protrusion shall be considered to be an exposed protrusion and it shall comply with 4.6.1.1. Examples of protrusions that need and do not need to comply with the requirements are shown in Figure 3.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 11
a) needs to comply
b) does not need to comply
Key 1 Test cylinder Figure 3 — Examples of protrusions 4.7 Brakes 4.7.1 Braking-systems Bicycles, whether or not fitted with a fixed transmitted drive, shall be equipped with at least two independent braking systems, one system operating on the front wheel and one on the rear. NOTE It is recommended that the decision on whether the rear braking system is operated by the rider's hand or foot should be made in accordance with the legislation (or preference) of the country to which the bicycle is to be supplied. Brake-blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted. 4.7.2 Hand-operated brakes 4.7.2.1 Brake-lever position The hand-brake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in the users instruction manual which lever operates the front brake and which operates the rear brake (see also Clause 5 k)). 4.7.2.2 Brake-lever grip dimensions 4.7.2.2.1 Requirement The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever and the handlebar, or the handlebar-grip or any other covering where present, shall not exceed 75 mm over a distance of 40 mm as shown in Figure 4. For dimension a see 4.7.2.2.2. NOTE The range of adjustment on the brake-lever should permit these dimensions to be obtained.
EN 14765:2005 (E) 12 Dimension in millimetres
Key a Distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever d Maximum grip dimension Figure 4 — Handbrake-lever grip dimensions 4.7.2.2.2 Test method Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 5 over the handlebar and handlebar-grip and the brake-lever as shown in
Figure 6 so that the face A is in contact with the handlebar grip and the side of the brake-lever. Ensure that the
face B is in uninterrupted contact with the part of the brake-lever which is intended for contact with the rider's fingers and that the gauge does not cause any movement of the brake-lever towards the handlebar or handlebar-grip. Measure the distance a, the distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever (see 4.7.2.2.1 and 4.7.2.3).
EN 14765:2005 (E) 13 Dimension in millimetres
Key A = Face A B = Face B C = Rod Figure 5 — Handbrake-lever grip dimension gauge
Figure 6 — Method of fitting the gauge to the handbrake-lever and handlebar (minimum grip length is shown)
4.7.2.3 Handbrake levers — position of applied force For the purposes of all braking tests in this European Standard the test force shall be applied at a distance, b, which is equal to either dimension a as determined in 4.7.2.2.2 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake-lever, whichever is the greater (see Figure 7).
EN 14765:2005 (E) 14
Key F Applied force b ≥ 25 mm Figure 7 — Position of applied force on handbrake-lever 4.7.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit the rotation of the wheel. The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of 20 N or be otherwise treated to prevent unravelling. The inner cable shall be protected from corrosion, e.g., by a suitable impervious liner to the outer casing. Also, either the inner cable shall have a low-friction coating or the outer casing shall have a low-friction lining. NOTE See 4.4 in relation to fasteners. 4.7.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — security test 4.7.4.1 Requirement The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing-plate, or shoe and there shall be no failure of the assembly when tested by the method specified in 4.7.4.2. The brake system shall be capable of meeting the strength test specified in 4.7.7 and the braking performance specified in 4.7.8. 4.7.4.2 Test method Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider or equivalent mass on the saddle. The combined mas
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