SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
(Main)Precast concrete products - Special roof elements
Precast concrete products - Special roof elements
This document identifies the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity for special precast roof elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, used for the construction of buildings, with or without separating function with respect to fire resistance.
NOTE The title of special roof elements refers to thin-walled structural elements with deformable transverse profile, such as folded plates, or shell elements, the intended use being specific for roofings with their typical loads. This type of elements combines the overall flexural behaviour along the main span with a complex distribution of in-plane forces and local moments.
Other types of elements can be used in roofing, such as ribbed units, floor slabs, ... . For these elements reference shall be made to their respective product standards.
!This document identifies also the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity of complementary elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, possibly used in combination with the main roof elements, such as load bearing shuttering plates and shells, for which reference shall be made to Annex F."Secondary structural components, possibly used in combination with the main roof elements, such as load bearing shuttering plates and shells, roof light frames, ..., shall refer to their respective product standard or technical approval.
This document covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, test methods, and aspects of transport and erection.
This document does not deal with seismic behaviour.
This document does not cover load bearing capacity determined by testing.
Betonfertigteile - Besondere Fertigteile für Dächer
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen, die grundlegenden Leistungskriterien und die Bewertung der Konformität für besondere Fertigteile für Dächer aus vorgespanntem und nicht vorgespanntem Normalbeton fest, die im Hochbau mit oder ohne Raum abschließende Funktion hinsichtlich des Feuerwiderstands eingesetzt werden.
ANMERKUNG Der Titel "besondere Fertigteile für Dächer" bezieht sich auf dünnwandige tragende Bauteile mit verformbarem Querschnitt, wie Faltwerke oder Schalen, wobei die vorgesehene Verwendung für Überdachungen mit deren typischen Belastungen charakteristisch ist. Diese Art von Fertigteilen vereint das Gesamtbiegeverhalten längs der Hauptstützweite mit einer in gegenseitigem Zusammenhang stehenden Verteilung von Scheibenkräften und örtlichen Momenten.
Für Dächer können auch andere Fertigteilarten verwendet werden, wie z. B. Deckenplatten mit Stegen, Decken-platten, usw. Für diese Fertigteile sind die entsprechenden Produktnormen heranzuziehen.
!Ferner legt dieses Dokument die Anforderungen, die grundlegenden Leistungskriterien und die Bewertung der Konformität von Ergänzungsbauteilen aus vorgespanntem und nicht vorgespanntem Normalbeton fest, die möglicherweise in Verbindung mit den Hauptfertigteilen für Dächer verwendet werden, wie z. B. tragende Schaltafeln und Schalhäute. Ergänzungsbauteile werden in Anhang F behandelt."
In diesem Dokument werden Begriffe, Leistungskriterien, Toleranzen, die maßgebenden physikalischen Eigenschaften, Prüfverfahren und Aspekte von Transport und Montage festgelegt.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für das Verhalten bei Erdbeben.
Die durch Prüfung bestimmte Tragfähigkeit ist nicht Gegenstand dieses Dokumentes.
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Éléments spéciaux de toiture
La présente norme spécifie les prescriptions, les critères relatifs aux performances de base et l’évaluation de laconformité pour les éléments spéciaux préfabriqués de toiture en béton de granulats courants armé ou précontraint,utilisés pour la construction de bâtiments, avec ou sans fonction de séparation liée à la résistance au feu.NOTELe titre «Éléments spéciaux de toiture» fait référence à des éléments structurels à parois minces avec des profilstransversaux déformables, tels que des plaques plissées ou des éléments en coque, l’application prévue étant spécifique auxtoitures avec leurs charges type. Ce type d’éléments associe le comportement global en flexion le long de la portée principaleavec une distribution complexe de forces coplanaires et de moments localisés.!Le présent document spécifie également les prescriptions, les critères relatifs aux performances de base etl’évaluation de la conformité pour les éléments complémentaires préfabriqués en béton de granulats courants arméou précontraint, éventuellement utilisés en association avec les éléments de toiture principaux, tels que des plaqueset coques de coffrage portantes, pour lesquels il faut se référer à l’Annexe F."Les composants structurels secondaires éventuellement utilisés en combinaison avec les éléments de toitureprincipaux, tels que des plaques et coques de coffrage portantes, structures pour éclairage zénithal, etc. doivent faireréférence aux normes de produits correspondantes ou à leur avis technique.La présente norme couvre la terminologie, les critères de performance, les tolérances, les propriétés physiquespertinentes, les méthodes d’essai et les aspects relatifs au transport et à la mise en œuvre.La présente norme ne traite pas du comportement sismique.La présente norme ne couvre pas la capacité portante déterminée par essais.
Montažni betonski izdelki - Specialni strešni elementi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Montažni betonski izdelki - Specialni strešni elementiBetonfertigteile - Besondere Fertigteile für DächerProduits préfabriqués en béton - Éléments spéciaux de toiturePrecast concrete products - Special roof elements91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products91.060.20StreheRoofsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13693:2004+A1:2009SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009en,fr,de01-november-2009SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13693:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13693:2004+A1
July 2009 ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 13693:2004English Version
Precast concrete products - Special roof elements
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Éléments spéciaux de couverture
Betonfertigteile - Besondere Fertigteile für Dächer This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 19 June 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13693:2004+A1:2009: ESIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
2 Contents
The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369, Common rules for precast concrete products, at least for the first three digits. When a clause of EN 13369 is not relevant or included in a more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap on numbering
page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Requirements . 6 4.1 Material requirements . 6 4.2 Production requirements . 7 4.2.1 Concrete production . 7 4.2.2 Hardened concrete . 7 4.2.3 Structural reinforcement . 7 4.3 Finished product requirements . 7 4.3.1 Geometrical properties . 7 4.3.2 Surface characteristics . 8 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance . 9 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire . 9 4.3.5 Acoustic properties . 9 4.3.6 Thermal properties . 9 4.3.7 Durability . 9 4.3.8 Other requirements. 10 5 Test methods . 10 5.1 Tests on concrete . 10 5.2 Measuring of dimensions . 10 5.3 Weight of the elements . 11 5.4 Load test of elements . 11 6 Evaluation of conformity . 11 6.1 General . 11 6.2 Type testing . 11 6.3 Factory production control . 11 7 Marking and labelling . 12 8 Technical documentation . 12 Annex A (informative)
Terminology of plate elements . 13 Annex B (informative)
Types of products . 15 Annex C (informative)
Mechanical behaviour . 23 Annex D (informative)
Serviceability and resistance verifications . 28 Annex E (informative)
Flexural test of elements . 32 Annex F (normative)
!!!!Complementary elements"""" . 39 Annex Y (Informative)
Choice of CE marking method . 43 Annex ZA (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of EU Directive 89/106/EEC, EU Construction Products Directive"""" . 44 Bibliography . 58
SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13693:2004+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. !This document was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229 – CEN/TC 250, particularly for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes." This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2010. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-06-19. This document supersedes EN 13693:2004. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC) of European Union (EU). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This standard is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products. For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369: Common rules for precast products, from which also the relevant requirements of the EN 206-1: Concrete - Part 1: Specification, performances, production and conformity are taken. The references to EN 13369 by CEN/TC229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements. Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects. The installation of some structural precast concrete products is dealt with by ENV 13670-1: Execution of concrete structures – Part 1: Common rules, which has at the moment the status of an European prestandard. In all countries it can be accompanied by alternatives for national application and it shall not be treated as a European Standard. The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts: EN 1168, Precast concrete products - Hollow core slabs !EN 12794, Precast concrete products - Foundation piles" EN 12843, Precast concrete products - Masts and poles EN 13224, Precast concrete products - Ribbed floor elements EN 13225, Precast concrete products - Linear structural elements EN 13693, Precast concrete products - Special roof elements !EN 13747, Precast concrete products - Floor plates for floor systems" !EN 13978, Precast concrete products - Precast concrete garages" SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
4 !EN 14843, Precast concrete products – Stairs" !EN 14844, Precast concrete products - Box culverts" !EN 14991, Precast concrete products - Foundation elements" !EN 14992, Precast concrete products - Wall elements" !EN 15037, Precast concrete products - Beams for beam-and-block floor systems" This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2). Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works of destination, design Provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength and/or fire resistance, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 5 Introduction The evaluation of conformity given in this standard refers to the completed precast elements which are supplied to the market and covers all the production operations carried out in the factory. For design rules and resistance to fire principal reference is made to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2. Additional complementary rules are provided where necessary. In Clause 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 this document includes specific provisions resulting from the application of EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2 rules to the concerned product. The use of these provisions is consistent with a design of works made with EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
6 1 Scope This document identifies the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity for special precast roof elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, used for the construction of buildings, with or without separating function with respect to fire resistance. NOTE The title of special roof elements refers to thin-walled structural elements with deformable transverse profile, such as folded plates, or shell elements, the intended use being specific for roofings with their typical loads. This type of elements combines the overall flexural behaviour along the main span with a complex distribution of in-plane forces and local moments. Other types of elements can be used in roofing, such as ribbed units, floor slabs, . . For these elements reference shall be made to their respective product standards. !This document identifies also the requirements, the basic performance criteria and the evaluation of conformity of complementary elements made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete, possibly used in combination with the main roof elements, such as load bearing shuttering plates and shells, for which reference shall be made to Annex F." This document covers terminology, performance criteria, tolerances, relevant physical properties, test methods, and aspects of transport and erection. This document does not deal with seismic behaviour. This document does not cover load bearing capacity determined by testing. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1990:2002, Eurocode: Basis of structural design. EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. EN 1992-1-2:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part
1-2: General rules - Structural fire design. EN 13369:2004, Common rules for precast concrete products. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13369:2004 and the following apply.
NOTE 1 See also Annex A. NOTE 2 Annex B gives a review of common types of special precast prestressed concrete roof elements together with some related terminology. 4 Requirements 4.1 Material requirements For general aspects, constituent materials of concrete, reinforcing and prestressing steel, inserts and connections, the relevant clauses of EN 13369:2004 4.1 shall apply. In particular the ultimate tensile and tensile yield strength of steel shall be considered. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 7 4.2 Production requirements 4.2.1 Concrete production Clause 4.2.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. In particular the compressive strength of concrete shall be considered. 4.2.2 Hardened concrete Clause 4.2.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.2.3 Structural reinforcement In addition to Clause 4.2.3 of EN 13369:2004, the following specific rules shall apply. Special care shall be given to ensure a stable positioning of reinforcement in the thin slabs (t ≤ 100 mm). For welded meshes and isolated bars in thin slabs, concrete covers against formworks shall be ensured by a sufficiently dense distribution of spacers. Access of workers, as well as concrete casting and compacting, shall be made in such a way so to avoid displacements and deformations of steel reinforcement with respect to the intended positioning and shapes. 4.3 Finished product requirements 4.3.1 Geometrical properties 4.3.1.1 Production tolerances The following values of production tolerances shall be used. The values are expressed in mm and refer to the measure described in Figure 1. Tolerances refer to the deviations with respect to the design (nominal) values indicated in project documentation (inclusive of possible cambers). Measurement Tolerance Values (mm) Width "b" and short measurements (b ≤ 2 500) ± ∆b 12 + b/140 Thickness "t" of thin flanges and plates (t ≤ 150) + ∆t − ∆t 10 5 Total depth "h" of any cross section (h < 2 500) ± ∆h 12 + h/140
Bow horizontal mis- alignment of lateral edges ± ε L/700 Camber “v” in vertical plane ± ∆v L/700 For the length "L" and the reinforcement placing "c", the corresponding permitted deviation ∆L and ∆c are given in 4.3.1.1 of EN 13369:2004. For the size of holes and openings 1,5 time the value of ∆b tolerance may be assumed. For the overall positioning of holes and inserts 1,5 time the values of ∆L and ∆b tolerances may be assumed. Other values may be given in project specifications. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
8 For prestressed elements 1,5 time the value of ∆v tolerance may be assumed; this includes the effects of prestressing tolerances. Other values may be given in project specifications. Although production tolerances can refer to any dimension of the element, it is sufficient to follow the Standard Method of checking specified in point 5.2.
Key 1 Vertical 2 Horizontal 3 Cross section Figure 1 — Measure of production tolerances 4.3.1.2 Minimum dimensions Clause 4.3.1.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.2 Surface characteristics For surface characteristics, 4.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. NOTE In addition to the possible cracking expected from calculation, cracking can occur in roof elements from normal function in some particular areas, such as the end edges of the ribs, the intersection lines of the different plates, the corners around holes or other shape discontinuities. Provided the width and the extension of these cracks are limited and there are no structural consequences, a simple local filling may be applied to restore the surface appearance. Completion works of ready finished elements (such as painting, waterproofing, .) are not covered by this document. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 9 4.3.3 Mechanical resistance 4.3.3.1 General For requirements on mechanical strength Clause 4.3.3 of EN 13369:2004 (referring to EN 1990:2002, EN 1992-1-1:2004 and EN 1992-1-2-2004) shall apply, except 4.3.3.4 dealing with verification by testing. In particular, following 4.3.3.3 of EN 13369:2004, due to their structural arrangements with unusual design models, for the special roof elements dealt with in this standard, load tests up to failure on at least two full scale specimens of any type of product shall be performed before starting production (initial type testing – see 6.2) in order to verify the reliability of the design model assumed for calculation.
Specific additional information are given in informative Annex C and D. 4.3.3.2 Detailing Overlapped splices of reinforcement shall be located out of the areas where the full strength is needed for the resistance of the element. In any case they need a minimum dimension of the concrete section, defined by t ≥ 5 ds where
t is the minimum local thickness of the element, and
ds is the diameter of the overlapped bars (or wires). The minimum transverse spacing between two adjacent laps shall be ≥ 10 ds. 4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire 4.3.4.1 Resistance to fire Fire resistance, dealing with load-bearing capacity R, integrity E and insulation I of precast prestressed concrete roof elements, expressed in terms of classes, shall be defined following 4.3.4.1, 4.3.4.2 and 4.3.4.3 of EN 13369:2004. NOTE Normally, with respect to fire resistance, the separating function EI is not required for the elements of concern. 4.3.4.2 Reaction to fire For reaction to fire, 4.3.4.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 4.3.5 Acoustic properties When required, the relevant acoustic properties of roof elements shall be declared following Clause 4.3.5 of EN 13369:2004. 4.3.6 Thermal properties Reference shall be made to 4.3.6 of EN 13369:2004. 4.3.7 Durability Clause 4.3.7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
10 Referring to Table A.1 and Table A.2 of Annex A of EN 13369:2004, the upper surface of roof elements equipped with ready finished adherent covering is taken to be in ambient condition B, provided it is not specified otherwise. The same ambient condition B can be referred to for the internal surfaces in hollow or sandwich roof elements and for closed box roof elements (see Annex B), provided it is not specified otherwise. For plate parts (slab conditions of A.1 of EN 13369: 2004) of roof elements the concrete cover given for reinforcing and prestressing steel in slab geometry shall apply. 4.3.8 Other requirements 4.3.8.1 Safety in handling Clause 4.3.8.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 5 Test methods 5.1 Tests on concrete Clause 5.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 5.2 Measuring of dimensions The Standard Method of measuring the dimensions related to the production tolerances of 4.3.1.1 is specified below. Except for reinforcement position in the section, measurements are taken in the demoulded finished element. a) the total length “L” is taken following the special indications given in the technical specifications of the product. (By rule three readings are taken, one at each edge and one in a central position); b) the total width “b” is taken in correspondence of three cross sections, two near the ends and one at the midspan; c) the thicknesses “t” are taken at the same three cross sections of item b, in the critical positions of the slabs indicated by the technical specifications of the product (at least one for each lateral flange); d) the total depth “h” is taken (by proper outside collimator systems) in correspondence of the same three cross sections of item b; e) the bow misalignment “ε“ is taken, for each lateral edge, at the midspan position with respect to its end points; f) the camber “v” at midspan is taken with respect to the end support straight line and compared to the design camber vo, adjusted with the computed deformation vc due to applied loads (∆v = v - vo - vc); g) concrete cover is taken at the lower side of the lateral flanges, in the critical positions indicated by the technical specifications of the product (at least one for each lateral flange in the three cross section of item b). For the measurements above listed (at least for items a, b, e and f), the element shall be set in an arrangement as similar as possible to its final position in the structure. Following the special features of the products, proper adaptations and variations to the Standard Method can be given by the technical specifications of the product. The reinforcement position, together with the setting of prestressing tendons and special devices, is verified following the pertinent items of Table D.3.2 in Table D.3 of EN 13369:2004. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 11 5.3 Weight of the elements Clause 5.3 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 5.4 Load test of elements Annex E gives the standard method for flexural load tests on full scale specimens of roof elements. 6 Evaluation of conformity 6.1 General Clause 6.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 6.2 Type testing Clause 6.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. 6.3 Factory production control NOTE The missing numbers correspond to the clauses of EN 13369 included in the general references made in this subchapter. Clause 6.3 of EN 13369:2004, except 6.3.6.5, shall apply. 6.3.6.5 Finished products Compliance verification on the finished products shall be performed following, in addition to items 3 to 5 of Table D.4.1 of EN 13369:2004, the control chart of Table 1 of this document. Other verifications can be performed where a special necessity arises. The checks shall be carried out at the earliest time possible, preferably in the factory, and never after the precast units have been received and accepted at the site. Table 1 — Finished product inspection
Subject Aspect Method Frequency Registration Elements surface finish visual inspection every element notice of imperfections Elements total length see point 5.2(a) every 10 elements notation in the record form Elements thickness see point 5.2(c) every 10 elements notation in the record form Elements concrete cover see point 5.2(g) every 10 elements notation in the record form Elements camber* see point 5.2(f) every month or 1/100 elements notation in the record form Elements other production tolerances see point 5.2(b)-(d)-(e) every year or 1/600 elements notation in the record form Elements (all types) mechanical strength (failure conditions) see Annex E initial type tests on 2 elements proper report Elements (type f of Annex C) mechanical strength (service conditions) see Annex E every 6 months on 1 element proper report * See 4.3.1.1 and Figure 1. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
12 The manufacturer shall keep the records of the elements produced (position number, date of casting and construction data) for the required period of archiving and make them available when required. 7 Marking and labelling
Clause 7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply. NOTE For CE marking see Annex ZA. 8 Technical documentation Considering also 4.3.3.2, the detailing of the element, with respect to geometrical data and complementary properties of materials and inserts, shall be given in technical documentation, which includes the construction data, such as the dimensions, the tolerances, the layout of reinforcement, the concrete cover, the expected transient and final support conditions and lifting conditions. The composition of technical documentation is given in Clause 8 of EN 13369:2004. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 13 Annex A (informative)
Terminology of plate elements A.1 Shell element As shown in Figure A.1, the internal actions transmitted along the thin walls of a shell structure are represented by eight components referred to its middle surface: In-plane forces normal force along x-axis nx normal force along y-axis ny tangential force nxy Moments bending moment along x-axis mx bending moment along y-axis my twisting moment mxy Transverse forces shearing force along x-axis qx shearing force along y-axis qy The above components are referred to the unit width and represent the proper integral over the plate thickness t of the stresses σx, σy, τxy, τzx, τyz. The first three components nx, ny, nxy are related to the extensional behaviour of the plate, the remaining five mx, my, mxy, qx, qy are related to its flexural behaviour. SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
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Figure A.1 — Components of internal actions A.2 Main flexural behaviour In general the roof elements considered in the present standard are spanning in one main direction between the two end supports. In this longitudinal direction, in analogy to the ordinary theory of beams, the three components M, V, T of the internal force can be referred to the current cross-section, as shown in Figure A.2. These components represent the global effects of the vertical loads in terms of flexural action with its possible eccentricity. When represented by an applied force, prestressing force P can be added with its eccentricity ep.
Local and transverse effects due to the warping of the cross section and to the deformation of its profile are not provided by this representation.
Figure A.2 — Components of the internal force SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 15 Annex B (informative)
Types of products
B.1a - “V” shape elements
B.1b - Three plates elements
B.1c - Hollow-core elements Figure B.1 - Types of simple wing-elements SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
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B.2a - Simple one-rib elements
B.2b - Hollow one-rib elements
B.2c - Sandwich one-rib elements Figure B.2 - Types of one-rib wing-elements
SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E) 17
B.3a - Simple two-ribs elements
B.3b - Sandwich two-ribs elements
B.3c - Straddle two-ribs elements Figure B.3 - Types of two-ribs wing-elements
SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1:2009 (E)
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B.4a
B.4b
B.4c Figure B.4 - Types of box-elements SIST EN 13693:2004+A1:2009
EN 13693:2004+A1
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