SIST EN 13445-6:2009
(Main)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less 50 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, that are constructed of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
NOTE The grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron allowed are listed in Tables 5.1-1 and 5.1-2. Service conditions are given in clause 4.
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Konstruktion, Werkstoffe, Herstellung und Prüfung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit für den Betrieb bei einem maximal zulässigen Druck, PS, gleich oder kleiner 50 bar und einer maximalen Wanddicke von 60 mm fest.
ANMERKUNG Die zulässigen Sorten von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit sind in den Tabellen 5.1-1 und 5.1-2 aufgeführt. Die Betriebsbedingungen sind in Abschnitt 4 angegeben.
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6 : exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
La présente Norme européenne établit les spécifications pour la conception, les matériaux, la fabrication et le contrôle des récipients sous pression et de leurs parties sous pression, prévus pour utilisation à une pression maximale admissible, PS, inférieur ou égale à 50 bar et d'épaisseur de paroi de virole ne dépassent pas 60 mm, fabriqués en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal.
NOTE Les nuances admises de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal sont énumérées dans les Tableaux 5.1-1 et 5.1-2. Les conditions de service sont données à l'article 4.
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 6. del: Zahteve za konstruiranje in proizvodnjo tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posode iz nodularne litine
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit KugelgraphitRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6 : exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdalUnfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron23.020.30MHNOHQNHPressure vessels, gas cylindersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13445-6:2009SIST EN 13445-6:2009en,fr,de01-november-2009SIST EN 13445-6:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2007SIST EN 13445-6:2002/A3:2009SIST EN 13445-6:2002SIST EN 13445-6:2002/A1:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13445-6July 2009ICS 23.020.30Supersedes EN 13445-6:2002
English VersionUnfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the designand fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure partsconstructed from spheroidal graphite cast ironRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6: exigences pour la conception et la fabrication desrécipients sous pression et des parties sous pressionmoulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdalUnbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an dieKonstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern undDruckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit KugelgraphitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2009: ESIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols.6 3.1 Terms and definitions.6 3.2 Units.7 3.3 Symbols.7 3.4 Inter-relation of thicknesses definitions.9 4 Service conditions.9 4.1 Cyclic loading.9 4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content.10 5 Requirements.10 5.1 Materials.10 5.2 Design.12 5.2.1 Technical documentation.12 5.2.2 Design methods.12 5.3 Founding.18 5.3.1 General.18 5.3.2 Welding.18 6 Material testing.18 6.1 General.18 6.2 Frequency and number of tests.18 6.3 Chemical analysis.18 6.4 Graphite structure.19 6.5 Inspection documents.19 7 Testing and final assessment.19 7.1 Testing.19 7.1.1 General.19 7.1.2 Testing requirements for CQ = 0,8.19 7.1.3 Testing requirements for CQ = 0,9.19 7.1.4 Surface imperfections.20 7.1.5 Cracks, laps, cold shut and non-fused chaplets.21 7.1.6 Ultrasonic testing and/or sectioning.21 7.1.7 Magnetic particle testing (only for ferritic grades).21 7.1.8 Penetrant testing.21 7.1.9 Radiographic testing.21 7.1.10 Surface roughness.22 7.1.11 Minimum wall thickness.22 7.1.12 Wall thickness tolerances.22 7.1.13 Other dimensions.22 7.1.14 Qualification of testing personnel.22 7.2 Final assessment.22 7.2.1 General.22 7.2.2 Hydraulic test pressure.22 8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials.23 SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 3 9 Marking and documentation.23 9.1 Marking of castings.23 9.2 Name plate for the complete pressure vessel.23 9.3 Documentation.23 Annex A (normative)
Technical data for the design calculations.24 Annex B (informative)
Ductility.26 Annex C (informative)
Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and minimum required burst test pressure.27 Annex D (normative)
Assessment of fatigue life.28 Annex E (normative)
Design by analysis for castings.41 Annex F (informative)
Recommandations for in-service validation and inspection.43 Annex G (normative)
Specific design requirements.45 Annex H (normative)
Experimental cyclic pressure testing procedure.47 Annex Y (informative)
Differences between EN 13445-6:2002 and EN 13445-6:2009.51 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of the EU Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.52 Bibliography.53
SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13445-6:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. In this standard the Annexes A, D, E, G and H are normative and the Annexes B, C and F are informative. This European Standard consists of the following Parts: ⎯ Part 1: General ⎯ Part 2: Materials ⎯ Part 3: Design ⎯ Part 4: Fabrication ⎯ Part 5: Testing and Inspection ⎯ Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
⎯ CR 13445-7, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures ⎯ Part 8: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron. ⎯ CEN/TR 13445-9, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 9: Conformance of EN 13445 series to ISO 16528 This document supersedes EN 13445-6:2002. This new edition incorporates the Amendments which have been approved previously by CEN members and the corrected pages up to Issue 36 without any further technical change. Annex Y to EN 13445-1:2009 and Annex Y to this Part provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to rules contained herein. It is intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2009 each year, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc. The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades, which are explicitly excluded from this European Standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a different approach. NOTE 1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications and for their corrosion resistance properties. NOTE 2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Service conditions are given in Clause 4. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 764-2:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, symbols and units. EN 764-5:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Compliance and inspection documentation of materials. EN 837-1:1996, Pressure gauges — Part 1: Bourdon tube pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing. EN 837-3:1996, Pressure gauges — Part 3: Diaphragm and capsule pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing. EN 1369:1996, Founding — Magnetic particle inspection. EN 1370:1996, Founding — Surface roughness inspection by visual tactile comparators. EN 1371-1:1997, Founding — Liquid penetrant inspection — Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings. EN 1559-1:1997, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 1: General. EN 1559-3:1997, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 3: Additional requirements for iron castings. EN 1563:1997, EN 1563:1997/A1:2002, EN 1563:1997/A2:2005, Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons. EN 12680-3:2003, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings. EN 12681:2003, Founding — Radiographic examination. EN 13445-1:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General. EN 13445-3:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design. EN 13445-5:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 6 EN 13835:2002, EN 13835/A1:2006, Founding — Austenitic cast irons. EN ISO 945:1994, Cast iron — Designation of microstructure of graphite (ISO 945:1975). EN ISO 8062-1:2007, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 8062-1:2007). EN ISO 8062-3:2007, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 3: General dimensional and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings (ISO 8062-3:2007). 3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 critical zone highly stressed area where a fracture is expected to occur in a burst test or where surface fatigue cracks are expected to be initiated due to fluctuating pressure loads NOTE 1 Critical zones may occur, for example, by any of the following: ⎯ sudden change in cross section; ⎯ sharp edges; ⎯ sharp radii; ⎯ peak stresses; ⎯ bending stresses; ⎯ stresses due to other than membrane stress; ⎯ changes in curvature. NOTE 2
A critical zone is analysed by any appropriate method, e.g. holographic, interferometric, strain gauge methods, burst test, fatigue testing, FEM analysis etc. NOTE 3
Additionally, thermal gradients and thermal stresses due to different operating wall temperatures need to be considered in defining critical zones. 3.1.2 purchaser individual or organisation that buys pressure equipment, including assemblies or
parts, for its own use or on behalf of the user and/or operator
3.1.3 manufacturer individual or organisation responsible for the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, installation of pressure equipment and assemblies where relevant NOTE 1 The manufacturer may subcontract one or more of the above mentioned tasks under its responsibility. NOTE 2 In EU member states the manufacturer is responsible for compliance with the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. For those manufacturers outside of the EU their authorized representative inside the EU assumes this responsibility. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 7 3.1.4 casting manufacturer subcontractor that produces the castings used in the manufacture of pressure equipment 3.1.5 testing factor
A reduction factor applied to the nominal design stress to take account of possible manufacturing deficiencies 3.1.6 temperature factor A reduction factor applied to the 0,2 % proof strength to take account of temperature influence 3.1.7 wall thickness factor a reduction factor applied to the nominal design stress to take account of reduced mechanical properties 3.1.8 ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite particles) with a predominantly ferritic matrix 3.1.9 austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron cast material with an austenitic matrix which is iron and carbon based and alloyed with nickel and manganese, copper and/or chromium in order to stabilize the austenitic structure at room temperature 3.2 Units For the purposes of this European Standard, the units given in EN 764-2:2002 apply. 3.3 Symbols Symbols used in this European Standard are listed in Table 3.3-1. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 8 Table 3.3-1 — Symbols Symbol Quantity Unit c Corrosion allowance mm e Required thickness mm ea Analysis thickness
mm eact Actual thickness mm emin Minimum thickness as specified on drawing mm E Modulus of elasticity MPa f Nominal design stress
MPa F Fatigue factor related to 99,8 % survival _ Pb,act Actual burst test pressure MPaa
Pb Minimum required bursting pressure MPa a
Pd Design pressure MPa a
PS, Ps Maximum allowable pressure MPa a
PT, Pt Test pressure MPa a
RM Material strength parameter MPa
Rp0,2 0,2 %-proof strength
MPa
Rm Tensile strength
MPa Rm(3) Average tensile strength of 3 test bars taken from the same lot or heat MPa TSmin , TSmax Minimum / maximum allowable temperature °C T Calculation temperature °C V Volume
L Ce=Wall thickness factor _ CT=Temperature factor _ CQ=Testing factor _ n=Factor depending on shape of shell _ fe=Thickness correction factor _ fm=Mean stress correction factor _ fs=Surface finish correction factor _ S=Safety factor _ γR=Partial safety factor _ δ Casting tolerance mm 0=Extra thickness due to casting process mm ν=Poisson’s ratio _ a MPa for calculation purpose only, otherwise the unit be bar (1 MPa = 10 bar)
SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 9 3.4 Inter-relation of thicknesses definitions
Key e is the required thickness ea is the analysis thickness emin is the minimum thickness including corrosion allowance as indicated on drawings eact
is the actual
thickness c is the corrosion allowance ε is the extra thickness due to casting process δ is the casting tolerance Figure 3.4-1 — Inter-relation of thicknesses definitions 4 Service conditions 4.1 Cyclic loading Spheroidal graphite cast iron pressure vessels and vessel parts can be used for cyclic operation if the stress factor is limited to 3. If the calculated number of cycles is close to a limit number of cycles mentioned in Table 4.1-1 below to determine the need for fatigue analysis, a worst-case model shall be implemented for this determination. If it is expected that under service conditions the maximum number of full pressure cycles will exceed the limit number according to Table 4.1-1, or exceeds more than the equivalent number of cycles with smaller amplitude, then a fatigue analysis shall be performed according to Annex D. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 10 Table 4.1-1 — Number of full pressure cycles for cyclic loading consideration Testing factor Maximum number of full pressure cycles without mandatory fatigue analysis according to Annex D CQ = 0,9 1 000 40 000 if 2,5 < stress factor ≤ 3 CQ = 0,8 200 000 If stress factor ≤ 2,5
NOTE 1 A testing factor of 0,9 implies the application of higher nominal design stresses and consequently results in a lower maximum number of full pressure cycles without mandatory fatigue analysis. NOTE 2 A stress factor (ratio of peak stress to fatigue stress) of more than 3, determined by any of the design methods given in 5.2 can be the result of inappropriate design. By enlarging radii or other small changes, an acceptable design may be generated. For pressure cycles at a pressure difference ûPi less than the full pressure, the number of equivalent full cycles is given by Equation (4.1-1): 6,8i1iin⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⋅=∑==maxieqnPûPN (4.1-1) where N is the total number of envisaged types of pressure cycles with different amplitude; ni is the number of cycles of amplitude ûP; ûPi is the pressure cycle amplitude; Pmax is the maximum permissible pressure, as defined in 3.15 of EN 13445-3:2009. 4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content The minimum and maximum allowable temperatures TSmin and TSmax shall be in accordance with the limits given in Tables 5.1-1 and 5.1-2. The product PS · V for a single casting shall not exceed 100 000 bar⋅L. 5 Requirements 5.1 Materials All cast iron grades subject to internal or external pressure shall comply with EN 1563 for ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron and EN 13835 for austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The ferritic material grades given in Table 5.1-1 shall be used for applications where the minimum allowable temperature is higher or equal to – 10 ⎪C. The material grades listed in Table 5.1-2 are intended for low temperature or high temperature design conditions. SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 11 Table 5.1-1 — Allowable material grades for usual design temperatures (-10 °C up to 300 °C) Material designation b Material standard Symbol Number Design temperature limits °C EN-GJS-350-22 EN-JS1010 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-350-22-RT EN-JS1014 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-350-22 U a EN-JS1032 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-350-22U-RT a EN-JS1029 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-400-18 EN-JS1020 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-400-18-RT EN-JS1024 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-400-18U a EN-JS1062 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN 1563 EN-GJS-400-18U-RT a EN-JS1059 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300 a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast-on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm. The material grades listed in Table 5.1-1 and Table 5.1-2 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (see EN 1563:1997, Clause 6). b
When materials specified in these tables are not available, other suitable materials may be used when the technical documentation defining the characteristics of the materials has been accepted in accordance with the requirements for European approval for materials (EAM) or particular material appraisal (PMA).
Table 5.1-2 — Allowable material grades for low or high temperature design conditions Material designation b Material standard Symbol Number Design temperature limits °C EN-GJS-350-22-LT EN-JS1015 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-350-22U-LT a EN-JS1019 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJS-400-18-LT EN-JS1025 -20 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN 1563 EN-GJS-400-18U-LT a EN-JS1049 -20 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 EN-JS3021 -196 ≤ TS ≤ 300 EN-GJSA-XNi22 EN-JS3041 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 540 EN 13835 EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7 EN-JS3071 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300 a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast-on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm. The material grades listed in Table 5.1-1 and Table 5.1-2 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (see EN 1563:1997, Clause 6 and EN 13835:2002, Clause 6). b
When materials specified in these tables are not available, other suitable materials may be used when the technical documentation defining the characteristics of the materials has been accepted in accordance with the requirements for European approval for materials (EAM) or particular material appraisal (PMA). SIST EN 13445-6:2009
EN 13445-6:2009 (E)
Issue 1 (2009-07) 12 Material grades EN-GJS-350-22-LT or EN-GJS-350-22U-LT can be used at design temperatures down to – 60 °C. When used between (-40 ± 2) °C and (-60 ± 2) °C, impact testing at the minimum design temperature shall be: ⎯ mean value from 3 tests 12 J for acte ≤ 60 mm; ⎯ 10 J for 60 mm ≤ acte ≤ 200 mm; ⎯ individual value 9 J for acte ≤ 60 mm and 7 J for 60 mm ≤ acte ≤ 200 mm. The applicable requirements for the delivery conditions given in EN 1559-1:1997 and EN 1559-3:1997 shall also apply. NOTE The use of materials working in the creep domain is not applicable to this standard since stress ranges are limited to elastic behaviour. 5.2 Design 5.2.1 Technical documentation The manufacturer shall document those items listed in Clause 5 of EN 13445-5:2009 prior to fabrication. 5.2.2 Design methods 5.2.2.1.1 Principle The loadings to be accounted for shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3:2009, Clause 5. The service conditions of Clause 4 shall be accounted for. Design methods shall be in accordance with this European Standard and, when applicable, with the relevant clauses of EN 13445-3:2009. If the geometry of the component or the loading case do not allow calculation by the formulas given in
EN 13445-3:2009 and Annex G, design by analysis (DBA) (see Annex E) or design by experiment (DBE) shall be applied. Depending on the complexity of the component, the loading conditions and the level of NDT testing, the designer may choose one of the following available design methods mentioned below. Guidance is given on the correlation between safety factor, testing factor and the method to assess dynamic loading (see Table 5.2-1). 5.2.2.1.2
Static loading In order to design the part for static loading, the following options can be considered by the designer. 5.2.2.1.3 Design by formula (DBF) Equations for the calculation of the various components of the pressure part are given in EN 13445-3:2009 and Annex G. Annex G gives additional equations for non-standard shaped parts often use
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