SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003

• Abstract:

  Baseline System for a Digital multi-programme Television by Cable (DTVC). Harmonized transmission standard for cable and satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer, with the addition of Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. It is compatible with the modulation/ channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite (DE/JTC-DVB-6). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances and is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The Baseline System is based on QAM modulation scheme. It allows for 16, 32 or 64-QAM constellations and permits future extension to higher constellation such as 128 and 256-QAM.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• ICS: 33.060.40 - Cabled distribution systems
• ICS: 33.170 - Television and radio broadcasting
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Mandate: T-304
• Ref Project: ETSI ETS 300 429 ed.1 (1994-12) - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems

Overview

SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003 provides the harmonized European standard for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) over cable systems. Developed by SIST, this standard specifies the framing structure, channel coding, and modulation required for robust and efficient digital television delivery via cable. The baseline system is based on the widely adopted MPEG-2 Transport Layer and incorporates Forward Error Correction (FEC) for reliable multi-programme television (DTVC) distribution. Compatibility is ensured with satellite distribution systems, facilitating transparent transmission across platforms and supporting future scalability in line with advancements in cable technology.

Key Topics

• Framing Structure: Utilizes the MPEG-2 transport packet framework to support standardized multiplexing and synchronization of digital video, audio, and data services.
• Channel Coding: Implements a combination of randomization, Reed-Solomon encoding, and convolutional interleaving to maximize data integrity and minimize bit errors, delivering quasi error free (QEF) performance.
• Modulation Schemes: Supports QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) in 16, 32, or 64-QAM formats, with future extension capabilities to higher constellation orders like 128-QAM and 256-QAM for increased channel capacity.
• System Flexibility: Designed to permit further evolution, allowing cable operators to adapt to technological changes without replacing the core infrastructure.
• Forward Error Correction (FEC): Numeric improvements in Bit Error Rates support high service reliability, crucial for continuous digital broadcasting.
• Synchronization: Integrates synchronization bytes and randomization for spectrum efficiency and error resilience.

Applications

The standard is crucial for organizations and network operators seeking to:

• Deploy Digital Cable Television Networks: Ensures interoperable, high-quality digital multi-programme transmission to consumer endpoints.
• Enable Multi-Service Delivery: Supports robust transmission of television, audio, and data services over cabled distribution systems.
• Upgrade Legacy Analog Systems: Facilitates a smooth transition path from analog to digital cable infrastructures while maintaining compatibility with satellite-based digital television distribution.
• Achieve Network Transparency: Allows easy retransmission of satellite or other broadcast signals over cable, promoting efficient network resource utilization.
• Support Future Scalability: Provides a foundation for evolving toward higher QAM constellation schemes, enabling higher data rates and improved bandwidth efficiency as demand grows.
• Minimize Transmission Errors: FEC coding and interleaving protect against data loss, essential for maintaining viewer experience in commercial and residential environments.

Common deployment scenarios include:

• Cable TV operators implementing or upgrading digital TV services
• Providers retransmitting satellite or fiber-distributed digital feeds locally over cable
• Network engineers specifying equipment and configurations for DVB-compliant headends and set-top boxes

Related Standards

For a holistic approach to digital video broadcasting systems, consider referencing the following standards:

• ETS 300 421: Digital broadcasting systems for television, sound, and data services; framing, coding, and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services.
• ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2): Coding of moving pictures and associated audio, providing the system layer foundation for DVB transport streams.
• Forward Error Correction Techniques: Refer to IEEE publications such as Forney’s work on burst-correcting codes for detailed insight into FEC strategies.
• DVB-TM/DTVC Documentation: For applications and further technical context regarding cable and satellite baseline systems.

By complying with SIST ETS 300 429 E1:2003, broadcasters and operators ensure robust, reliable, and scalable digital video services that align with international best practices and future technology trends in digital cable television.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Sistemi digitalne radiodifuzije za televizijske, zvokovne in podatkovne storitve –
Struktura okvirov, kodiranje kanalov in modulacija za kabelske sisteme
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for
cable systems
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 429 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.40 Kabelski razdelilni sistemi Cabled distribution systems
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 429
TELECOMMUNICATION December 1994
STANDARD
Source:EBU/ETSI JTC Reference:DE/JTC-DVB-7
ICS: 33.160.20, 33.160.40
Key words: Digital television broadcasting by cable, modulation, channel coding
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
Digital broadcasting systems for television,
sound and data services;
Framing structure, channel coding and modulation
for cable systems
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification:
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1994.
© European Broadcasting Union
All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.7
3 Symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Symbols .7
3.2 Abbreviations .8
4 Cable System concept .8
1)
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync.10
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization .10
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder .10
4.4 Convolutional interleaver .10
4.5 Byte to m-tuple conversion .10
4.6 Differential encoding .10
4.7 Baseband shaping .10
4.8 QAM modulation and physical interface .10
4.9 Cable receiver.10
5 MPEG-2 transport layer.10
6 Framing structure .10
7 Channel coding .11
7.1 Randomization for spectrum shaping .11
7.2 Reed-Solomon coding .12
7.3 Convolutional interleaving.13
8 Byte to symbol mapping .14
9 Modulation.15
Annex A (normative): Baseband filter characteristics .18
Annex B (informative): Transparency of cable networks .19
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.20
History.21

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ETS 300 429: December 1994
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced under the authority of the Joint
Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of ETS in the
specific field of radio, television and data broadcasting.
The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organisations whose work
includes the co-ordination of its Members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-
making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has Active Members in about
60 countries in the European Broadcasting Area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
This ETS describes framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital multi-programme
television by cable, it has been prepared by the Project Team PT-55V. The work of the Project Team was
based on the studies carried out by the European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project under the
auspices of Ad hoc Group for Digital Television by Cable (DTVC). This joint group of industry, cable
operators and broadcasters provided the necessary information on all relevant matters to the Project
Team, see DTVB 1190/DTVC 38 (bibliography).
This ETS is Part of the complete "Multivision system" (this name is currently under review) which covers
the baseband image coding, baseband sound coding, baseband data service coding, multiplexing,
channel coding and modulation for satellite services, channel coding and modulation for cable and
Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV) distribution and common scrambling system.

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ETS 300 429: December 1994
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) describes the framing structure, channel coding and
modulation (denoted "the System" for the purposes of this ETS) for a digital multi-programme television
distribution by cable. The aim of this ETS is to present a harmonized transmission standard for cable and
satellite, based on the MPEG-2 System Layer ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 [1], with the addition of appropriate
Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique. This System can be used transparently with the
modulation/channel coding system used for digital multi-programme television by satellite, see ETS 300
421 (bibliography). The System allows for further evolution as technology advances as described in
Reimers document (see bibliography). It is capable of starting a reliable service as of now. The System is
based on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). It allows for 16, 32, or 64-QAM constellations and
permits for future extension to higher constellations, such as 128-QAM and 256-QAM.
-4 -10 -11
The System FEC is designed to improve Bit Error Ratio (BER) from 10 to a range, 10 to 10 ,
ensuring "Quasi Error Free" (QEF) operation with approximately one uncorrected error event per
transmission hour.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ISO/IEC DIS 13818-1 (June 1994): "Coding of moving pictures and associated
audio".
[2] IEEE Trans. Comm. Tech., COM-19, pp. 772-781, (October 1971) Forney, G.D.:
"Burst-correcting codes for the classic bursty channel".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this ETS, the following symbols apply:
α Roll-off factor
A , B Most Significant Bits at the output of the Byte to m-tuple converter
k k
f Channel centre frequency
f Nyquist frequency
N
g(x) RS code generator polynomial
HEX Hexadecimal
I Interleaving depth (bytes)
I, Q In-phase, Quadrature phase components of the modulated signal
j Branch index
k Number of bytes mapped into n symbols
m
m Power of 2 -level QAM: 4,5,6 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
M Convolutional interleaver branch depth for j = 1, M = N/I
n Number of symbols mapped from k bytes
N Error protected frame length [bytes]
p(x) RS field generator polynomial
r In-band ripple (dB)
m
R Randomized sequence
R Symbol rate corresponding to the bilateral Nyquist bandwidth of the modulated
s
signal
R Useful bit rate after MPEG-2 transport multiplexer
u
R Bit rate after RS outer coder
u'
q Number of bits: 2,3,4 for 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, respectively
T Number of bytes which can be corrected in RS error protected packet
T Symbol period
s
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
BB Baseband
BER Bit Error Ratio
DTVC Digital Television by Cable
EBU European Broadcasting Union
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIFO First In First Out
IF Intermediate Frequency
IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
MSB Most Significant Bit
MUX Multiplex
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QEF Quasi Error Free
RF Radio Frequency
RS Reed-Solomon
SMATV Satellite Master Antenna Television
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TV Television
4 Cable System concept
The cable System shall be defined as the functional block of equipment performing the adaptation of the
baseband TV signals to the cable channel characteristics (see figure 1). In the cable head-end, the
following TV baseband signal sources can be considered:
- satellite signal(s);
- contribution link(s);
- local program source(s).
The processes in the following subclauses shall be applied as shown in figure 1.

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ETS 300 429: December 1994
Figure 1: Conceptual block diagram of elements at the cable head-end and receiving site
C able H ead-end
To RF
Cable
*
data
Channel
QAM
BB Sync1
I
Reed- Convol.
Modulator
Inversion Byte
88 8 m m
Solomon Inter-
Differential &
& To Baseband
Physical
leaver
IF
Random i- m-tuple Encoding shaping
clock
Coder
Interface
Conversion Physical
zation Q
I=12 bytes
Interface
(204,188)
Clock & Sync Generator
*
MPEG-2 transport Mux packets
Cable IR D
*
data
RF I
Sync1
Physical
Matched Symbol BB
Inversion
m
Interface m8 Convol.8 Reed-8 8
Filter To
Differential &
&
& Byte Deinter- Solomon Physical
Decoder
Energy
From RF QAM leaver Decoder
Q Equalizer Mapping Interface
clock
dispersal
cable channel Demod.
Removal
Carrier & Clock & Sync
Recovery
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ETS 300 429: December 1994
1)
4.1 Baseband interfacing and sync
This unit shall adapt the data structure to the format of the signal source.The framing structure shall be in
accordance with MPEG-2 transport layer including sync bytes.
4.2 Sync 1 inversion and randomization
This unit shall invert the Sync 1 byte according to the MPEG-2 framing structure, and randomizes the data
stream for spectrum shaping purposes.
4.3 Reed-Solomon (RS) coder
This unit shall apply a shortened Reed-Solomon (RS) code to each randomized transport packet to
generate an error-protected packet. This code shall also be applied to the Sync byte itself.
4.4 Convolutional interleaver
This unit shall perform a depth I = 12 convolutional interleaving of the error-protected packets. The
periodicity of the sync bytes shall remain unchanged.
4.5 Byte to m-tuple conversion
This unit shall perform a conversion of the bytes generated by the interleaver into QAM symbols.
4.6 Differential encoding
In order to get a rotation-invariant constellation, this unit shall apply a differential encoding of the two Most
Significant Bits (MSBs) of each symbol.
4.7 Baseband shaping
This unit performs mapping from differentially encoded m-tuples to I and Q signals and a square-root
raised cosine filtering of the I and Q signals prior to QAM modulation.
4.8 QAM modulation and physical interface
This unit performs QAM modulation. It is followed by interfacing the QAM modulated signal to the Radio
Frequency (RF) cable channel.
4.9 Cable receiver
A System receiver shall perform the inverse sign
...