Water quality - Guidance standard on a strategic approach to river restoration

This document concerns the restoration of rivers, including their channels, riparian zones, and floodplains. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe permanently flowing and intermittent watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. Some aspects of landscape restoration beyond the boundaries of what are often considered typical river processes are also considered. This document focuses on ‘nature-based solutions’, which are ‘actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits’ (https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf).
A clear framework of guiding principles to help inform the planning and implementation of river restoration work is provided. These principles are aimed both at individuals and organizations wishing to restore rivers, and stress the importance of monitoring and appraisal. This document makes reference to existing techniques and guidance, where these are appropriate and within the scope of this document.
This document provides guidance on:
—   the core principles of restoration
—   the aims and overall outcomes of river restoration
—   the spectrum of typical approaches to river restoration (the ‘restoration mode’) with a focus on those that are nature-based and restore both physical and ecological aspects
—   identifying opportunities for restoration and possible constraints, with a focus on physical and natural rather than socio-economic aspects
—   the different scales of restoration and how restoration works across different catchments and landscapes
—   the importance of monitoring and appraising restoration work across the range of approaches and scales.

Wasserbeschaffenheit - Leitfaden für einen strategischen Ansatz zur Renaturierung von Fließgewässern

Dieses Dokument behandelt die Renaturierung von Flüssen, einschließlich ihrer Gerinne, Uferzonen und Überschwemmungsgebiete. Das Wort „Fluss“ wird als Oberbegriff für dauerhaft fließende und periodische Wasserläufe (Fließgewässer) aller Größen verwendet, mit Ausnahme künstlicher Gewässer wie Kanälen. Einige Aspekte der Landschaftsrenaturierung, die über die Grenzen dessen, was häufig als typische Fließgewässerprozesse angesehen wird, hinausgehen, werden ebenfalls berücksichtigt. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Dokuments liegt auf „naturnahen Lösungen“, worunter „Handlungen zum Schutz, zur nachhaltigen Bewirtschaftung und Wiederherstellung natürlicher oder veränderter Ökosysteme, durch welche gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen wirksam und adaptiv begegnet wird, und die zugleich Vorteile für das menschliche Wohlergehen und die biologische Vielfalt mit sich bringen“ zu verstehen sind (https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf).
Es wird ein eindeutiges Rahmenwerk grundsätzlicher Leitlinien bereitgestellt, die als Informationsgrundlage bei der Planung und Umsetzung von Projekten zur Renaturierung von Fließgewässern dienen können. Diese Grundsätze richten sich sowohl an Einzelpersonen als auch an Organisationen, die die Renaturierung von Fließgewässern anstreben, und unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Überwachung und Bewertung. Dieses Dokument verweist auf existierende Techniken und Leitfäden, wo diese zweckdienlich sind und zum Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments gehören.
Dieses Dokument bietet Leitlinien zu:
   den zentralen Grundsätzen der Renaturierung;
   den Zielen und Gesamtergebnissen der Fließgewässerrenaturierung;
   dem Spektrum der üblichen Ansätze bei der Fließgewässerrenaturierung (dem „Renaturierungsmodus“) mit Schwerpunkt auf denjenigen, die naturnah sind und sowohl physikalische als auch ökologische Aspekte wiederherstellen;
   der Feststellung von Möglichkeiten zur Renaturierung und der möglichen Beschränkungen, wobei der Schwerpunkt eher auf physikalischen und natürlichen als auf sozioökonomischen Aspekten liegt;
   den verschiedenen Maßstäben der Renaturierung und wie eine sich über verschiedene Einzugsgebiete und Landschaften erstreckende Renaturierung gelingt;
   der Bedeutung von Überwachung und Bewertung der Renaturierungsarbeit unter Einbeziehung aller Ansätze und Maßstäbe.

Qualité de l'eau - Guide pour une approche stratégique de la restauration des rivières

Le présent document traite de la restauration des rivières, y compris leurs chenaux, bandes riveraines et plaines d'inondation. Le mot « rivière » est utilisé en tant que terme générique pour décrire les cours d'eau permanents et intermittents de toutes tailles, à l'exception des plans d'eau artificiels, tels que les canaux. Certains aspects de la restauration des sites se situant au-delà des limites de ce qui est souvent considéré comme des processus fluviaux types sont également pris en compte. Le présent document se concentre sur les « solutions fondées sur la nature », qui sont « les actions visant à protéger, gérer de manière durable et restaurer des écosystèmes naturels ou modifiés pour relever directement les défis de société de manière efficace et adaptative, tout en assurant le bien-être humain et en produisant des bénéfices pour la biodiversité » (https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf).
Un cadre de principes directeurs clair est fourni pour aider à la planification et à la mise en œuvre du travail de restauration des rivières. Ces principes s'adressent à la fois aux personnes et aux organisations qui souhaitent restaurer des rivières et soulignent l'importance du suivi et de l'évaluation. Le présent document fait référence à des techniques et recommandations existantes, lorsque celles-ci sont appropriées et relèvent du domaine d'application du présent document.
Le présent document fournit des recommandations concernant :
—   les principes fondamentaux de la restauration ;
—   les objectifs et les résultats globaux de la restauration des rivières ;
—   la palette d'approches types en matière de restauration des rivières (le « mode de restauration »), en mettant l'accent sur celles qui sont fondées sur la nature et restaurent à la fois les composantes physiques et écologiques ;
—   l'identification des opportunités de restauration et des éventuelles contraintes, en mettant l'accent sur les aspects physiques et naturels plutôt que sur les aspects socio-économiques ;
—   les différentes échelles de restauration et la manière dont la restauration fonctionne dans différents bassins versants et paysages ;
—   l'importance du suivi et de l'évaluation des travaux de restauration sur toute la gamme d'approches et d'échelles.

Kakovost vode - Navodilo za strateški pristop k obnovi rek

General Information

Status
Not Published
Publication Date
09-Sep-2025
Current Stage
4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
Start Date
11-Jan-2024
Due Date
17-Jul-2024
Completion Date
11-Jan-2024

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Kakovost vode - Navodilo za strateški pristop k obnovi rek
Water quality - Guidance standard on a strategic approach to river restoration
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Richtlinien für einen strategischen Ansatz für Renaturierung von
Fließgewässern
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 18025
ICS:
13.020.70 Okoljevarstveni projekti Environmental projects
13.060.10 Voda iz naravnih virov Water of natural resources
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2023
ICS 13.020.70; 13.060.10
English Version
Water quality - Guidance standard on a strategic approach
to river restoration
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Richtlinien für einen
strategischen Ansatz für Renaturierung von
Fließgewässern
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 230.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 18025:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 12
5 Aims of river restoration . 12
6 Spatial context and scale . 14
7 Spectrum of intervention . 15
7.1 General. 15
7.2 Natural recovery . 18
7.3 Assisted natural recovery . 18
7.4 Designed restoration . 18
8 Opportunities and constraints . 19
8.1 When is intervention effective and when can the river be left to restore itself? . 19
8.2 Ecological effects on morphology, and the risks of intervention . 20
8.3 Socio-economic development, legacy land use and river regulation (restoration
constraints) . 20
9 Implementation . 21
9.1 Approach to restoration . 21
9.2 The restoration process . 21
9.2.1 General. 21
9.2.2 Understanding the catchment . 23
9.2.3 Prioritize and set objectives . 23
9.2.4 Design and delivery . 23
9.3 Monitoring and appraisal . 24
9.3.1 General. 24
9.3.2 Designing a monitoring programme to assess the impact of restoration on the
indicator of interest . 24
9.3.3 Survey timing . 28
9.3.4 Choice of indicator variables . 28
10 Quality assurance . 29
10.1 Qualifications, experience and training . 29
Annex A (informative) Case studies of river restoration projects to illustrate a range of
approaches to river restoration . 31
Annex B (informative) Case studies of monitoring to illustrate the physical and ecological
effects of river restoration. 40
Bibliography . 44
European foreword
This document (prEN 18025:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water
analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
Introduction
Most European rivers and their catchments no longer function naturally. This loss of natural functioning
is the result of human modification undertaken over many centuries for (among other things) flood
defence, hydroelectric power generation, the provision of water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic
consumption, land use and land drainage. These activities have often resulted in disturbed river
functioning and led to degraded physical habitats and, as a consequence, to reductions in biodiversity,
reduced resilience to flooding and drought, and a decline in ecosystem services such as recreation.
Climate change is now compounding the issues created by human modification, and the need to restore
rivers will become increasingly pressing to ensure the conservation of their naturally occurring habitats
and species and the sustainable provision of their ecosystem services. Accordingly, river restoration
following a ‘nature-based’ approach is an imperative requirement to allow river ecosystems to recover,
a concept advocated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) [1].
River restoration is the act of returning natural functioning and form to a river that has been directly or
indirectly altered by human activity. Ideally it should result in uninterrupted lateral, longitudinal, and
vertical connectivity of hydraulic, sedimentary, chemical and biological processes, allowing unhindered
channel and floodplain evolution, and the associated mosaic of habitats that support a characteristic
array of flora and fauna. In many locations, physical and other constraints will affect what restoration is
practicable, but the ambition should be to achieve the greatest degree and spatial scale of re-
naturalization possible.
Rivers are restored for many reasons including to: re-establish natural patterns of water and sediment
movement and so remove the costs associated with managing modified channels; restore habitats and
biodiversity; manage flood risk through natural flood management; enhance the aesthetics of an area;
and create opportunities for recreation. Key policy and legal frameworks to drive river restoration within
the European context include the Water Framework Directive (WFD), Habitats Directive and the Floods
Directive. Furthermore, the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030, and the UN Treaty on Climate Change, for
example, provide additional impetus for increased restoration efforts. Although the motivation for
restoring rivers and the extent to which rivers may be restored vary, a fundamental basis common to all
restoration projects should be the re-establishment of natural physical processes, leading to the
development of natural form and features, and the sustainable evolution of instream, riparian and
floodplain habitats. Activities such as adding gravel to construct specific spawning areas may be part of a
larger river restoration scheme, but are not by themselves considered to be river restoration unless they
are measures for restoring natural river processes.
Specifying the desired outcome of restoration is an essential element of any plan, and the meaningful
monitoring and appraisal of any project will depend upon the clarity in setting this goal.
1 Scope
This document concerns the restoration of rivers, including their channels, riparian zones, and
floodplains. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe permanently flowing and intermittent
watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. Some aspects of
landscape restoration beyond the boundaries of what are often considered typical river processes are
also considered. This document focuses on ‘nature-based solutions’, which are ‘actions to protect,
sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges
effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits’
(https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf).
A clear framework of guiding principles to help inform the planning and implementation of river
restoration work is provided. These principles are aimed both at individuals and organizations wishing
to restore rivers, and stress the importance of monitoring and appraisal. This document makes reference
to existing techniques and guidance, where these are appropriate and within the scope of this document.
This document provides guidance on:
— the core principles of restoration
— the aims and overall outcomes of river restoration
— the spectrum of typical approaches to river restoration (the ‘restoration mode’) with a focus on those
that are nature-based and restore both physical and ecological aspects
— identifying opportunities for restoration and possible constraints, with a focus on physical and
natural rather than socio-economic aspects
— the different scales of restoration and how restoration works across different catchments and
landscapes
— the importance of monitoring and appraising restoration work across the range of approaches and
scales.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
...

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