EN ISO 8468:1994
(Main)Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 8468:1990)
Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 8468:1990)
Gestaltung und Ausrüstung von Schiffsbrücken - Anforderungen und Regeln (ISO 8468:1990)
Diese Internationale Norm legt grundlegende funktionelle Anforderungen an Brückengestaltung, -ausrüstung und -umfeld fest. Sie wurde ausgearbeitet, damit die Gestaltung von Schiffsbrücken den Anforderungen einer sicheren Schiffsführung genügt und Unsicherheiten, die durch ungewöhnliche Anforderungen entstehen, vermieden werden.
Aménagement de la passerelle d'un navire et disposition de ses équipements annexes - Exigences et directives (ISO 8468:1990)
Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 8468:1990)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
01-december-2000
Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment - Requirements and guidelines
(ISO 8468:1990)
Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO
8468:1990)
Gestaltung und Ausrüstung von Schiffsbrücken - Anforderungen und Regeln (ISO
8468:1990)
Aménagement de la passerelle d'un navire et disposition de ses équipements annexes -
Exigences et directives (ISO 8468:1990)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8468:1994
ICS:
47.020.70 Navigacijska in krmilna Navigation and control
oprema equipment
SIST EN ISO 8468:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
IS0
INTERNATIONAL
8468
STANDARD
Second edition
1990-l l-01
Ship’s bridge layout and associated equipment -
Requirements and guidelines
Amhnagement de la passerelle d’un navire et disposition de ses hguipements
annexes - Exigences et directives
Reference number
IS0 8468 : 1990 (E)
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
Is0 8468 : 1990 (El
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires
approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 8468 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8,
Shipbuilding and marine s true tures.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 8468 : 19871, and incor-
porates draft addendum 1, circulated in 1988.
nternational Standard. Annex B is for infor-
Annex A forms an integral part of this I
mation
only.
0 IS0 1990
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Gen&ve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8468 : 1990 (E)
Ship’s bridge layout and associated equipment -
Requirements and guidelines
IMO Resolution A343(IX), Recommendation on Methods of
1 Scope
Measuring Noise L eve/s at Listening Posts.
This International Standard specifies basic functional
IMO Resolution A468(Xll), Code on Noise Levels on Board
requirements for bridge configuration, bridge arrangement,
Ships.
bridge equipment and bridge environment. It has been
developed to ensure that designs of ships’ bridges provide
adequately for the requirements for safe navigation to prevent
IMO Resolution A.574(XIV), Recommendation on General Re-
confusion arising from bridge arrangements which are unusual.
quiremen ts for Electronic Navigational Aids.
Wherever applicable, guidelines have been drawn up for the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
(SOLAS 1974).
methods and solutions to meet the functional requirements.
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, An-
This International Standard applies to seagoing ships where
nex Ill (as amended).
bridge duty is regularly maintained.
Where there are physical limitations in applying this Inter-
national Standard to small ships or to ships of unusual design,
3 Definitions
the general principles should still apply.
For the purposes of this International Standard, the fol owing
Users of this International Standard should note that while
NOTE -
definitions apply.
attempting to observe its requirements they should, at the same time,
ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regula-
tions as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned.
3.1 bridge : That area from which the navigation and (
:ontrol
of the ship is exercised, including the wheelhouse and bridge
wings.
2 Normative references
3.2 bridge wings : Those parts of the bridge on both sides
of the ship’s wheelhouse which extend to the ship’s side,
The following standards contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
3.3 catwalk : Extension to a deck that is wide enough to
were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
allow the passage of a man.
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged
to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 main-
3.4 chartroom area : Part of the wheelhouse situated and
tain registers of currently valid International Standards.
equipped for adequate performance of voyage planning/plot-
ting activities.
IS0 2412 : 1982, Shipbuilding - Colours of indicator lights.
3.5 commanding view
: View without obstructions which
IS0 3434 : 1975, Shipbuilding - Heated glass panes for ships’
would interfere with the navigator’s ability to perform his im-
windows.
mediate task.
IS0 3904 : 1990, Shipbuilding - Clear-view screens.
3.6 communications workstation : Workstation for oper-
IEC 447 : 1974, Standard directions of movement for actuators ation and control of equipment for distress/safety communi-
cations and public correspondence communications.
which control the operation of electrical apparatus.
1
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
~so 8468 : 1990 (El
Place on the bridge with a com- 4 Bridge configuration
3.7 conning position :
manding view and which is used by navigators when com-
manding, manoeuvring and controlling a ship.
4.1 Field of vision
3.8 display : Means by which a device presents visual infor-
4.1.1 Every effort sha II be made to place the bridge above all
mation to the navigator, including conventional instrumen-
other superstructures.
tation.
4.1.2 The view of the sea surface from the conning position
3.9 ergonomics : Application of the human factor in the
shall not be obscured by more than two ship lengths or 500 m,
analysis and design of equipment, work and working environ-
whichever is less, forward of the bow to loo on either side
ment.
irrespective of the ship’s draught, trim and deck cargo (e.g.
containers). (See figure 1.)
Angular size of a scene that can be
3.10 field of vision :
observed from a position on the ship’s bridge.
4.1.3 The height of the lower edge of the front windows shall
allow a forward view over the bow for a person in a sitting pos-
ition at the workstation.
3.11 helmsman : Person who steers a ship underway.
Guidelines :
Act of constantly checking equipment
3.12 monitoring :
The height of the lower edge of front windows above the deck
and environment in order to detect any changes.
should be kept as low as possible, and should not, as far as
practicable, be more than 1000 mm.
3.13 navigating and manoeuvring workstation : Work-
station where ship’s speed and course are considered and con-
4.1.4 The upper edge of the front windows shall allow a for-
trolled.
ward view of the horizon for a person in a standing position
with an eye height of 1 800 mm at the navigating and
manoeuvring workstation
when the ship is pitching in heavy
navigator : Person navigating, operating bridge equip-
3.14
seas.
ment and manoeuvring the ship.
Guidelines :
percentile : Percentage of population.
3.15
The height of the upper edge of front windows above the deck
should be as high as practicable and at least allow a forward
view of the horizon when the bow is IO0 below its position on
3.16 seagoing ship : Ship navigating on the high seas, i.e.
even keel. The minimum height of the upper edge of front win-
areas along coasts and from coast to coast.
dows above the deck surface should be 2 000 mm. (See
figure 2.)
3.17 superstructure : Decked structure, not including
The dimensions in figure 2 are based upon an eye height of
funnels, which is on or above the freeboard deck.
1 800 mm, referring to a person of a height of 1 900 mm, at a
distance of 750 mm from the bridge front bulkhead.
3.18 wheelhouse : Enclosed area of the bridge.
For arrangements where the navigator would normally stand
further back from the bridge front bulkhead, the same eye
3.19 workstation : Position at which one or several tasks height should be used to determine the height of the upper
edge of the front windows.
constituting a particular activity are carried out.
2 ship lengths or 500 m
(whichever is less)
Forward view
Figure 1 -
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
IS0 8468:1990 E)
Dimensions in millimetres
0
s
7
\
Bulkhead
Deck surface
/
-
front windows in relation to eye height, distance from front
2- Example of the heigh t of u pper edge of
Figure
Ikheads, etc. given a window slant of between 15O and 25O
bulkhead , sla nting of bu I
b) From a monitoring workstation, the field of v iew should
4.1.5 It shall be possible to observe all objects necessary for
extend at least over an arc from 90° on the port bow,
navigation, such as ships and lighthouses, in any direction from
through forward, to 22,5O abaft the beam on starboard.
inside the wheelhouse.
(See figure 5.1
Guidelines :
c) The field of vision from a workstation on the bridge
wing should extend over an arc from at least 45O on the op-
There should be a field of view around the vessel of 360’ ob-
posite bow through dead ahead and then aft to 180° from
tained by an observer moving within the confines of the
wheelhouse. (See figure 3.) dead ahead. (See figure 6.)
4.1.6 At the navigating and manoeuvring workstation and at
4.1.7 The helmsman’s field of vision shall be sufficiently
the conning position, the navigator’s field of view shall be suf-
to enable him to carry out his functions safely.
ficient to enable him to comply with the International Regu-
lations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
Guidelines :
Guidelines :
The helmsman’s field of vision from the workstation for manual
steering should extend over an arc from dead ahead to at least
a) The horizontal field of view from the navigating and
60° on each side. (See figure 7.)
manoeuvring workstation and from the conning position
should at least extend over an arc from 22,5O abaft the beam
on one side, through forward, to 22,5O abaft the beam on should
NOTE - The workstation not be placed immediately abaft the
obtain the req uired field of vision.
the other side. (See figure 4.1 front windows in order to
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IS0 8468 : 19qO (El
Figure 3 - 360° field of view
Figure 4 - Navigating and manoeuvring workstation and conning position
4
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
ISO8468:1990 E)
Monitoring workstation
Figure 5 -
Figure 6 - Bridge wing workstation
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
1s0 868 : 1990 El
Figure 7 - Helmsman’s workstation
4.2.2 Bridge front windows shall be inclined from the vertical
4.1.8 Blind sectors caused by cargo, cargo gear and other
plane to avoid reflections.
obstructions shall be as few and as small as possible, and not in
any way influence a safe look-out from the navigating and
Neither polarized nor tinted glass shall be fitted.
manoeuvring workstation and from the conning position.
Guidelines :
Guidelines :
As far as practical, all bridge windows should be inclined from
The total arc of blind sectors forward of the beam seen from
the vertical plane top out, at an angle of not less than 15O and
the navigating and manoeuvring workstation and from the con-
not more than 25O. Exceptions can be made for windows in
ning position should not exceed 20°. Each individual blind sec-
bridge wing doors.
tor should not exceed loo. Over an arc from dead ahead to at
least loo on each side, each individual blind sector should not
exceed 5O. The clear sector between two blind sectors should
4.2.3 A clear view through the windows shall be provided at
not be less than 5O.
all times.
Guidelines :
4.1.9 The ship’s side shall always be visible from the bridge
wing especially where tugs or pilot boats come alongside and
To ensure a clear view in bright sunshine, sunscreens with
where the ship touches the jetty.
minimum colour distortion should be provided at all windows in
front of workstations. Such screens should be readily
Guidelines :
removable and not permanently installed.
Bridge wings should be provided out to the maximum beam of
To ensure a clear view, heavy-duty wipers, preferably provided
the ship. The view over the ship’s side should not be
with an interval function and a fresh water wash, are recom-
obstructed.
mended for the majority of the front windows. If clear-view
screens are installed, they should be in accordance with
4.2 Windows
IS0 3904.
4.2.1 Divisions between windows shall be kept to a minimum.
Such wipers should be capable of operating independently of
No division shall be installed immediately fonnlard of any
each other.
workstation, including the centre-line. If stiffeners between
windows are to be covered, this shall not cause further obstruc-
Efficient cleaning, de-icing and de-misting systems should be
tions of the field of view from any position inside the
installed to ensure a clear view in all operating conditions.
wheelhouse.
Where heated glass panes are installed, they should be in ac-
cordance with IS0 3434. A fixed catwalk with guardrails, fitted
Guidelines :
under the bridge windows, should be provided to enable clean-
ing of windows in the event of failure of the systems.
Windows, especially on the centre-line, should be as wide as
possible. The divisions between front windows should not ex-
ceed 150 mm. If stiffeners are used, divisions should not ex- 4.2.4 Sound signals shall be audible from the interior of the
wheelhouse.
ceed 100 mm in width and 120 mm in depth.
6
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
IS0 8468:1990 E)
5.1.6 The workstation for manual steering shall preferably be
Guidelines :
located on the ship’s centre-line. If the workstation for manual
open some windows in the wheelhouse
It should be possible to
steering is located off the centre-line, special steering
signals.
in order to hear sound
references for use by day and night shall be provided, e.g.
sighting marks forward.
NOTE - In no case should horizontally sliding windows be used.
Guidelines :
5 Bridge arrangement
If the view ahead is obstructed by large masts, cranes, etc., the
steering station should be located a distance to starboard of the
centre-line, sufficient to obtain a clear view ahead.
5.1 Location and interrelation of workstations
5.1.7 The navigator shall be able to watch the area im-
mediately in front of the bridge superstructure from the
wheelhouse.
Guidelines :
5.1.2 In addition to the individual workstations, an adequate
conning position shall be provided close to the forward centre
There should be a close approach access to at least one front
window.
window. If this requirement is met by combining “an adequate
Guidelines : conning position” (5.1.2) and the required access specified in
this clause, the width of the total access should be sufficient to
If the view in the centre-line is obstructed by large masts,
accommodate two persons.
cranes, etc., two additional conning positions giving a clear
view ahead should be provided, one on the port side and one
on the starboard side of the centre-line, no more than 5 m
5.2 Location of instruments and equipment
apart.
5.2.1 Each workstation shall be capable of presenting basic
5.1.3 The control of the ship shall be allocated to a certain information and shall contain the equipment required to enable
the navigator to carry out the relevant functions safely.
area of the bridge where only instruments and controls
necessary for navigating and manoeuvring shall be located.
Ergonomic principles and views of experienced, practising
mariners shall be taken into consideration in the design of
5.1.4 The main workstations for navigating and manoeuvring,
workstations.
and the arrangement of instruments pertinent to these stations,
shall be located sufficiently close together to enable a single
Guidelines :
navigator to cover his operation and to provide him with all
necessary information so that he can carry out his functions
The basic catego lries of instrument informa tion and
equipment
from one working position but without being restricted to a
for the functions to be performed are :
specific location.
a) The navigation functions - Control and displays for
Guidelines :
navigatio n, enabling the user to :
The main workstations should be planned, designed and placed
-
within an area spacious enough for not less than two operators, determine and plot the ship’s position, course, track
but close enough to allow the stations to be operated by one and speed,
person.
-
alter course,
The consoles, including a chart table if provided, should be
-
effect inte rnal and external communication related
positioned so that the instruments they contain are mounted in
to navigation,
such a manner as to face a person looking forward.
-
monitor time, course,
speed and track, propeller
5.1.5 From a monitoring workstation, it shall be possible to
revolutions, pitch indicator and rudder
order and angle;
see and hear the persons at the navigation, manoeuvring and
steering workstations.
b) Manoeuvring functions -
Controls and displays
enabling the user
to :
Guidelines :
-
A talkback communication system between wing and analyse the traffic situation,
wheelhouse should be installed where the distance from the
- decide on collision avoidance,
wing extremity to the wheelhouse centre-line is greater than
10 m. Where workstations are widely spread, talkback facilities
-
should be provided so that unhampered communications can alter course,
be achieved under all operating conditions. It is important that
-
all order/action communication systems be two-way. change speed,
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
Is0 8468 : 19Qo (El
-
I and external commu nication related Figures 8 and 9 show the configuration and dimensions of con-
effect interna
soles to be used by operators in both standing and sitting pos-
to manoeuvring,
itions. The console profile meets the anthropometric value of
-
the 97’5 percentile and the 2’5 percentile of operators.
operate docking aid systems,
-
monitor time, course, speed and track propeller
5.3.2 The height of consoles shall not interfere with the re-
order and angle.
revolutions, pitch indicator and rudder
quirements in 4.1.3.
The information system and control possibilities under a) and b)
Guidelines :
should be made available to the workstations for navigating
and manoeuvring, in such a way that the tasks at each of these
The top of the consoles should not exceed a height of
stations can be efficiently carried out.
1 350 mm. (See figures 8 and 9.)
5.2.2 Instruments or displays providing visual information to
Consoles shall principally be divided into two areas :
5.3.3
more than one person on duty shall be located for easy viewing
by all users concurrently, or if this is not possible, the in-
a) information/presentation instruments principally
struments or displays shall be duplicated.
located in the vertical part of
the console;
NOTE - Certain instruments displaying information to more than one b) controls shall be in the horizontal part.
workstation may be located above the front windows if dimensions
allow. Such instruments or displays are : ship’s heading, wind, water
5.3.4 The chart table shall be large enough to accommodate
depth, speed, rate of turn, rudder angle, propeller revolutions Wmin),
all chart sizes normally used internationally for maritime traffic.
propeller pitch and time.
It shall have facilities for lighting the chart.
Guidelines :
5.3 Configuration and dimensions of consoles
clause Chart table dimensions should be :
NOTE - The configuration and dimensions of consoles in this
exclude radar consoles.
-
width : not less than 1 200 mm;
5.3.1 The navigator shall be able to use all instruments and
- depth : not less than 850 mm;
controls necessary for navigating and manoeuvring in any nor-
- height : not less than 900 mm and not more than
mal working position.
1000 mm.
Guidelines :
The chart table should have facilities to accommodate charts
Based on ergonomic principles, the width of consoles designed larger than the table depth, for example a 10 mm slit along
mm. front and back edges of the chart table surface.
for single person operation should not exceed 1 600
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
IS0 8468 : 1990 (E)
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
ISO8468:1990 E)
Dimensions in millimetres
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NOTES
1 The intention of this figure is only to demonstrate solutions based on ergonomic principles.
2 Preferred knee well width for sitting position is 600 mm, absolute minimum 500 mm.
3 The height measurements of consoles for only a sitting position shall be reduced by the adaptation height of 200 mm.
Figure 9 - Console for combined standing/sitting position - Example of sitting position
10
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
Is0 8468 : 1990 (El
5.4.9 Talkback systems or equivalent communication be-
5.4 Miscellaneous
tween the outer end of the bridge wing and the wheelhouse
shall be provided, unless equipment for remote manoeuvring is
5.4.1 Every effort shall be made to allow a clear route across
placed on the bridge wings.
the wheelhouse from bridge wing to bridge wing.
Guidelines :
6 Bridge equipment
The width of the passageway should be at least 1 200 mm.
6.1 General
5.4.2 There shall be no obstructions between the points of
entry to the bridge wings and wheelhouse from lower decks
6.1.1 The requirements of this clause are not intended to pre-
and the clear route referred to in 5.4.1.
vent the use of new control or display techniques, provided the
facilities offered are not inferior to those stated.
5.4.3 The distance between adjacent workstations shall be
sufficient to allow unobstructed passage to persons not work-
6.1.2 Instruments, panels and controls shall be permanently
ing at the stations.
mounted in consoles or at other appropriate places taking into
account operation, maintenance and environmental con-
Guidelines :
ditions.
The free passage in passageways between different work-
station areas should be at least 700 mm.
6.1.3 Other portable items, such as safety equipment, tools,
lights, pencils, shall be stored at appropriate places, specially
The workstation operating area should be part of the work-
designed wherever necessary.
station and not of the passageway.
6.1.4 The various instruments and equipment shall be located
5.4.4 The distance from the bridge front bulkhead, or from
so as to meet the navigator’s needs at each workstation.
any consoles and installations placed against the front
bulkhead, to any consoles or installations placed away from the
Guidelines :
bridge front shall be sufficient for two persons to pass each
other.
See 5.2.1 for the basic categories of instruments and equip-
ment for the tasks to be performed at the various workstations.
Guidelines :
These guidelines lead to the following locations of the main in-
struments and equipment, where provided.
Where there is a passageway between the front bulkhead and
any consoles, its width should preferably be at least 1 000 mm,
a) Workstation for navigation :
and not less than 800 mm.
Navigation radar display
Position fixing systems
5.4.5 The clear ceiling height in the wheelhouse shall be
designed with regard to the installation of overhead panels and
Depth indicator
instruments.
Chart table with instruments
Guidelines :
b) Workstation for manoeuvring
(collision avoidance/docking) :
The clear height between the bridge deck surface covering and
the underside of the deck head beams should be at least
Radar display
2,25 m. The lower edge of deckhead mounted equipment
Automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA)
should be at least 2,l m above the deck in open areas,
Engine and thruster controls or telegraphs
passageways and at standing workstations.
Rudder angle indicator
Propeller revolution indicator(s)
5.4.6 Main workstations used for navigating, manoeuvring,
Pitch indicator
manual steering, voyage planning and communication shall not
cover a working area with an axis longer than 15 m.
Speed and distance indicator
c) Instruments and equipment of common interest to
5.4.7 Bridge decks outside, including the wings shall be pro-
I workstations for navigating and manoeuvring :
vided with adequate drainage.
Instruments and equipment of common interest to both the
Entrance doors to the wheelhouse shall be easy to
5.4.8
station for navigation and the station for manoeuvring
operate.
should be located accordingly. Such instruments and equip-
ment, if fitted, include :
Guidelines :
Automatic steering device
All wheelhouse doors should be operable with one hand.
Steering control
Bridge wing doors should not be self-closing. Means should be
Rudder angle indicator
provided to hold bridge wing doors open.
11
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SIST EN ISO 8468:2000
6.2 Instruments
Gyro repeater (bearing)
Gyro repeater
6.2.1 Instruments shall logically g rouped according to
Speed and distance indicator
functions, such as
Intercommunication systems
-
VHF radiotelephone
navigating;
Emergency stop controls
-
manoeuvring;
Alarm reset control
Rate of turn indicator -
communication.
Whistle control
Searchlight controls
Instruments shall be designed to permit easy and cor-
6.2.2
rect reading by day and by night. Electronic navigational aids
Morse light keys
shall meet the requirements of IMO Resolution A.574(XIV).
Magnetic compass display
Window wipe and wash control
Guidelines :
Clock
A digital readout should not be used where the reading
NOTE - Depending on the level of automation, integration of changes rapidly.
instruments and new methods of display, the workstations for
navigation and manoeuvring may be designed as one combined
For an index moving relative to a circular scale, the index
station.
should move clockwise (or the scale move anticlockwise) for in-
creasing readings.
Workstation for manual steering :
d)
For an index moving relative to a linear scale, the scale should
Manual steering device
be horizontal or vertical and the pointer should move to the
Gyro repeater
right or upwards for increasing readings.
Rudder angle indicator
Rate of turn indicator NOTE
- There may be special cases where these guidelines do not
apply; for example where the reading may be positive or negative,
Magnetic compass display
or where depth is indicated.
Course indicator
Talkback to bridge wings
6.2.3 Each instrument shall be placed with its face normal to
the navigator’s line of sight, or to the mean value if the
e) Workstation on bridge wings :
navigator’s line of sight varies through an angle.
Engine control
Thruster control
6.2.4 nstruments shall be designed and fitted to minimize
Rudder control
glare or reflection or being obscured by strong light.
Rudder angle indicator
Guidelines :
Gyro repeater
Rate of turn indicator
All instruments should be placed in position relative to the
rator considering the surroundi light sources.
Sea bottom tracking speed indicator ape w
Communication (external and internal)
Where a transparent cover is fitted over an instrument or in-
Whistle control
struments it should be designed to
minimize reflections.
Morse light keys
6.2.5 The principal manoeuvring instruments shall be
f 1 Workstation for monitoring :
manoeuvring workstation. Instruments
readable from the main
Radar
meant to be operated, or fitted in connection with controls,
shall be readable from a distance of at least 1 000 mm. Any
VHF radiotelephone
other instruments s
...
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