EN 13887:2003
(Main)Structural Adhesives - Guidelines for surface preparation of metals and plastics prior to adhesive bonding
Structural Adhesives - Guidelines for surface preparation of metals and plastics prior to adhesive bonding
This European Standard specifies the usual procedures for the preparation of component surfaces prior to bonding for either laboratory evaluation or the process of construction.
This European Standard is applicable to metal and plastic surfaces that are commonly encountered.
These comprise the following metal and plastic families - the latter including filled versions and suitable paints :
METALS: aluminium, chromium, copper, magnesium, nickel, steel (mild), steel (stainless), tin, titanium, zinc.
PAINTS: cataphoretic, polyalkyd, polyester, polyepoxide, polyurethane.
PLASTICS:
thermoplastic: Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene plastic (ABS plastic), Polyacetal plastic, Polyacrylic plastic, Polyamide plastic (PA plastic), Poly( butylene terephthalate) (PBT), Polycarbonate plastic (PC plastic), Polyester plastic, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyethylene plastic (PE plastic), Polyimide, Poly(methyl methacrylate) plastic (PMMA plastic), Poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), Polypropylene plastic, Polystyrene plastic (PS plastic), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Poly(vinyl chloride) plastic (PVC plastic).
thermoset: Allylphthalate plastic, Aminoplastic, Cellulose esters, Epoxy plastic, Polyester plastic, Phenolic plastic, Polyurethane (PUR).
Strukturklebstoffe - Leitlinien für die Oberflächenvorbehandlung von Metallen und Kunststoffen vor dem Kleben
Diese Europäische Norm legt die üblicherweise zur Vorbehandlung von zu klebenden Komponenten-oberflächen durchgeführten Verfahren fest; diese gelten sowohl für die Beurteilung im Labor als auch für den Prozess der Herstellung der Verbindung.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für allgemein übliche Metall- und Kunststoffoberflächen.
Dazu gehören folgende Metall- und Kunststoffgruppen, wobei die letztgenannten auch füllstoffhaltige Arten und geeignete Anstrichstoffe enthalten:
METALLE: Aluminium, Chrom, Kupfer, Magnesium, Nickel, Stahl (weich und unlegiert), Stahl (nicht rostend), Zinn, Titan, Zink.
ANSTRICHSTOFFE: kataphoretische, Polyalkyd, Polyester, Polyepoxid, Polyurethan.
KUNSTSTOFFE:
Thermoplaste: Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol-Kunststoff (ABS-Kunststoff), Polyacetal-Kunststoff, Polyacryl-Kunststoff, Polyamid-Kunststoff (PA-Kunststoff), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polycarbonat-Kunststoff (PC-Kunststoff), Polyester-Kunststoff, Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), Polyethersulfon (PES), Polyethylen-Kunststoff (PE-Kunststoff), Polyimid, Polymethylmethacrylat-Kunststoff (PMMA-Kunststoff), Polyphenylenoxid (PPO), Polypropylen-Kunststoff, Polystyrol-Kunststoff (PS-Kunststoff), Polytetraflourethylen (PTFE), Polyvinylchlorid-Kunststoff (PVC-Kunststoff).
Duroplaste: Allylphthalat-Kunststoff, Amino-Kunststoff, Celluloseester, Epoxid-Kunststoff, Polyester-Kunststoff, Phenolharzkunststoff, Polyurethan (PUR).
Adhésifs structuraux - Guide pour la préparation des surfaces des métaux et des plastiques avant le collage par adhésif
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les modes opératoires généralement suivis pour la préparation des surfaces de composants avant collage, soit pour l'évaluation en laboratoire, soit pour le procédé de fabrication.
Cette Norme européenne s'applique aux surfaces plastiques et métalliques usuelles, à savoir les familles de métaux et de plastiques suivantes (les surfaces plastiques incluant les plastiques chargés et les peintures appropriées) :
METAUX : aluminium, chrome, cuivre, magnésium, nickel, acier (doux), acier (inoxydable), étain, titane, zinc.
PEINTURES : traitées par cataphorèse, poly-alkyde, polyester, polyépoxyde, polyuréthane.
PLASTIQUES :
Thermoplastiques : acrylonitrile/butadiène/styrène (ABS), polyacétal, polyacrylate, polyamide (PA), poly(butylène téréphthalate) (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyester, polyétheréthercétone (PEEK), polyéthersulfone (PES), polyéthylène (PE), polyimide, poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), poly(phénylène oxyde) (PPO), polypropylène, polystyrène (PS), polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC).
Thermodurcis : polyphthalate d'allyle, aminoplastes, esters cellulosiques, polyépoxydes, polyesters, phénoplastes, polyuréthanes (PUR).
Konstrukcijska lepila – Navodila za pripravo kovinskih in polimernih površin za lepljenje
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Konstrukcijska lepila – Navodila za pripravo kovinskih in polimernih površin za lepljenjeStrukturklebstoffe - Leitlinien für die Oberflächenvorbehandlung von Metallen und Kunststoffen vor dem KlebenAdhésifs structuraux - Guide pour la préparation des surfaces des métaux et des plastiques avant le collage par adhésifStructural Adhesives - Guidelines for surface preparation of metals and plastics prior to adhesive bonding83.180LepilaAdhesives25.220.10Priprava površineSurface preparationICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13887:2003SIST EN 13887:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 13887:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13887August 2003ICS 25.220.20; 83.180English versionStructural Adhesives - Guidelines for surface preparation ofmetals and plastics prior to adhesive bondingAdhésifs structuraux - Guide pour la préparation dessurfaces des métaux et des plastiques avant le collage paradhésifStrukturklebstoffe - Leitlinien für dieOberflächenvorbehandlung von Metallen und Kunststoffenvor dem KlebenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 July 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13887:2003 ESIST EN 13887:2003
Material surfacesthat are particularly prone to weak or loose surface-layers, stress cracking or solvent attack usually require specialtreatment.Following appropriate preparation, most engineering metals, or their alloys, can be bonded satisfactorily. However,the optimisation of the durability of a metal-based joint usually requires the introduction of progressively more complexand specific treatments.The majority of both thermoset and thermoplastics materials can be prepared by commonly applicable techniques.Were it not for contamination and residual mould release agents, the thermoset plastics (e.g. polyepoxy andpolyester composites) would bond well without any preparation at all. By contrast, most thermoplastics requirecareful preparation because of their low surface energy. However, while the techniques required are generallyapplicable there will often be differences in the process detail.Some paints - especially the cataphoretic, water-based primers used by the vehicle industries, can provide anexcellent surface for bonding. Nevertheless, a check of the stability of the interface below the paint isrecommended. Sometimes the surface of the paint, even if fresh, can require treatment in order to raise its freeenergy and thus facilitate wetting.Certain adhesives possess the ability to dissolve light oils and some polymeric materials. Consequently, for joints thatare not "safety-critical" some surfaces do not require any preparation at all prior to bonding.The various methods provided for cleaning and modifying surfaces are drawn from current and developing practice.The techniques described can be used in a variety of combinations to create the basis of a practical, preparativeprocess that will provide enhanced environmental durability.SIST EN 13887:2003
be both compatible with evolving Nationallegislation and EC regulations and represent the least hazardous means of achieving the performance required.A variety of process options are described for commonly encountered metals and plastics in clause 7.SIST EN 13887:2003
they cannot only removehydrocarbons but the more aggressive, stronger versions can also remove metallic soaps and salts. However,aluminium shall not be prepared with either a sodium hydroxide based cleaner or other alkaline material.Some proprietary mixtures are used hot, while others utilise either anodic or cathodic currents. Whichever cleaningagent is used, components shall always be rinsed thoroughly (see 6.3 d)) and dried in a stream of clean, warm, oilfree and dry air for about 10 min at 60 °C.If solvents need to be used to remove identification marks, or paint, then propan-2-ol shall be used whereverpossible. Alternatively, use a ketone (see clause 4). Solvents can severely damage some thermoplastic materialsby either dissolving them or initiating stress cracking. Polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and ABS basedplastics are particularly susceptible in this latter regard.Ultrasonic cleaning can prove acceptable for the preparation of smaller components.Vapour baths are very effective and are recommended for the preparation of titanium and its alloys. However, theyshall be based on a closed system. See clause 4.It shall not be forgotten that some industrial processes can, and do, have a damaging effect on surfaces, bothduring and after their preparation. The use of equipment often releases deleterious dust, fume, and vapour into theair. Oil vapour, mould release agent sprays and the atmosphere of a plating shop are particularly detrimental.Consequently, surface preparation (and bonding) shall be performed in separate areas where such contaminationcan be avoided.5.4 StoringA distinction needs to be made between laboratory storage and the delays incurred during industrial production.The former implies performance qualification of either surface or adhesive. Where qualification is required, storageshall be maintained in an ambient atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C with a relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %. Thecomponents shall be used within 8 h; except for those materials, such as mild steel, which are still liable toprejudicial oxidation. Such surfaces should be bonded as soon as possible after preparation and, before bonding,shall always be kept under defined conditions such that contamination shall be impossible.Industrial production requires that minimum performance standards be maintained. To this end, procedures shallbe established such that the integrity of a prepared surface is not unacceptably prejudiced prior to assembly.Particular regard shall be paid to the possibility of damage occurring through oxidation, condensation andcontamination – particularly by release agents who shall never be used in the same building. Ideally, parts shall bebonded immediately after preparation and only exceptionally after 4 h.6 Surface modification6.1 Physical: Mechanical (scarification)6.1.1 GeneralScarification, the shallow roughening of both metallic and plastic (see 3.1) surfaces, using either abrasion orblasting, almost invariably improves the performance of the final bonded joint.Sometimes abrasion or blasting is required to smooth a coarse, rough surface, such as can be found on a casting,or simply to remove corrosion or other forms of contamination.SIST EN 13887:2003
as in7.2.2.1. methods 2 and/or/to 4.Of these processes, method 4 is probably the mostdurable though some proprietary coupling agents basedon silanes are simpler to use and have similar levels ofdurability.Anodised –For all anodised surfaces, preferably bond within 4 h.Unsealed, sulfuric acidanodise.De-grease (5.3) and abrade lightly (6.1.1), then bond.For critical applications bond as rapidly as possible afteranodising.Hard anodisedBlast, treat (6.1.3) and bond as required in 7.2.2.Alternatively, prepare an unsealed, sulfuric acid anodisedsurface and proceed as above.This surface shall not be bonded without the furthertreatment described here. Hence, the requirement to stripthe surface.Phosphoric acid anodisedProprietaryFollow proprietary process before bonding.ChromiumDe-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.4.1._Copper (including brass andbronze)De-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.5.1.Any one of the three etch solutions described can beused.MagnesiumThis metal is dangerous. See 7.2.6.1.Under no circumstances shall this metal be scarified,abraded or blasted. Do not expose to the atmosphere ofa vapour bath.NickelDe-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.7.Any one of the three etch solutions described can beused.Steel (Mild)De-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.8.1.Coupling agents can also be used and are the preferredmethod. See 6.4.Steel (Stainless)De-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.9.1.Coupling agents can also be used and are the preferredmethod. See 6.4.TinDe-grease (5.3), then bond following either abrasion(6.1.2) or
dry blasting (6.1.3)See also 7.2.9.TitaniumVapour de-grease (5.3), then bond following the specialtechniques set out in Methods 1 and/or/to 3 of 7.2.11.2.This metal is usually used for safety critical aerospacepurposes. The notes set out in 7.2.11.1 shall beconsidered.ZincDe-grease (5.3), then bond following either scarification(6.1) or etching as required in 7.2.12.2.Coupling agents can also be used and are the preferredmethod. See 6.4.SIST EN 13887:2003
See(ABS plastic)7.3.1.1Polyacetal plastic7.3.2.1Polyamide plastic7.3.3.1(PBT)7.3.4(PE plastic)7.3.5Polypropylene plastic7.3.6(PTFE)7.3.7Thermoset plastics:Allylphthalate plasticAminoplasticCellulose esters aEpoxy plastic bPolyester plastic b, cPhenolic plasticPolyurethane (PUR)All are usually prepared by cleaning and scarifying. See7.3 and 6.1.The durability of joints basedon these materials is likely tobe improved by one or moreof the combination techniquesdescribed in 6.4.a If bonding with epoxy based adhesive, heat for 1 h at ± 93 °C prior to bonding and bond while still warm. Avoid premature curing of hot adhesive.b If bonding hot, ensure that surface water has been expelled before bonding.c Use lower modulus adhesives to improve load distribution on gel-coat surfaces.SIST EN 13887:2003
Combined procedures6.4.1 GeneralA number of preparative techniques have been developed in which scarification is combined with a chemicaltreatment that is usually, though not necessarily, associated with the use of a silane based coupling agent. It isessential that all processes developed be standardised to the maximum degree and, if practical, automated.6.4.2 Dry techniquesDry techniques are applicable to both metallic and plastics (see 3.1) surfaces. The two methods available arebased on proprietary processes. The manufacturer or supplier shall be consulted with regard to the selection of aspecific process for a chosen surface.6.4.2.1 Silane coated abrasiveThe surface is blasted with a silane-coated abrasive – usually corundum – following, if required, cleaning andscarification (see 5.3 and 6.1). Dependant upon the proprietary method actually used, it can be necessary to followthis treatment with a process specific primer prior to bonding.6.4.2.2 Flame treatmentAn appropriately prepared surface (see 5.3 and 6.1) is chemically modified by exposing it, under preciselycontrolled conditions (see 6.2 a), to a flame comprising the combustion products of a proprietary material.6.4.3 Wet techniques6.4.3.1 GeneralThe two wet techniques are similar in principle, but can differ widely in the materials used – though often, these willstill be based on silane, or related coupling agents. Both techniques are suitable for metals and plastics, particularlythermoset plastics, and both rely on proprietary materials. Consequently, the manufacturer or supplier shall beconsulted concerning the establishment of a specific process for the surface to be treated. Once the preciseprocess detail has been determined the implemented method shall progress without deviation. If practical, theprocess shall be automated.6.4.3.2 Modification during abrasionHere, following initial cleaning (see 5.3) the surface is abraded wet, according to the requirements of 6.1.2 to 6.1.3c). Thereafter, the proprietary process is introduced and the described method (see 6.4.3) followed to thecommencement of the bonding process itself.Some of the essentially aqueous, proprietary solutions available will also indicate whether a surface is actually in acondition suitable for bonding. This is achieved by matching the surface tension of the liquid to that of the adhesiveto be used.6.4.3.3 Modification after abrasionHere, following cleaning and scarification according to 5.3 and 6.1 respectively, the proprietary process isintroduced and the described method (see 6.4.2) followed to the commencement of the bonding process itself.SIST EN 13887:2003
.
1)"P3-almeco 18"
is the trade name of a reagent supplied by Henkel .This information is given for the convenience of users ofthis European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the reagent named. Equivalent reagents may beused if they can be shown to lead to the same results.SIST EN 13887:2003
topreheat the items to be treated.7.2.3 Aluminium and alloys – anodisedFor general purpose, non-critical bonding, the only preparation normally required for unsealed, sulfuric acidanodised surfaces is de-greasing followed by light abrasion (see 5.3 and 6.1.1). However, surfaces should bebonded as quickly as possible after anodising and preferably within 4 h. For critical, structural applications, theoxide shall be removed by blasting (see 5.3 and 6.1.2) when the fresh surface shall be re-anodised and bonded asrapidly as possible.By contrast, surfaces which have been "hard" anodised shall not be bonded because the surface oxide isunsuitable and shall be removed – preferably by blasting (see 5.3 and 6.1.2). Following this, any of the methodsgiven in 7.2.2.2, can be used.7.2.4 Chrome plate - irrespective of base material7.2.4.1 Method¾ remove oil or grease contamination, see 5.3;¾ either scarify (see 6.1) and bond as soon as possible, or immerse the item for 1 min to 5 min at (93 ± 2) °Cin the etch solution (see 7.2.4.2); remove the item and rinse thoroughly in cold distilled or de-ionisedwater;¾ dry in a warm, clean, oil free and dry air stream for about 10 min at a temperature not exceeding 60 °C ;¾ bond as soon as possible after drying and preferably within 4 h.7.2.4.2 Etch solutionBefore commencing see clause 4 and requirements a) to e) of 6.3.The composition of the etch solution is as given in Table 4:Table 4 - Etch solutionReagent (technical or reagent grade)mass fraction (± 1 %)concentrated hydrochloric acid (r = 1,18 g/ml)1,0distilled/de-ionised water1,0Prepare the solution as follows: with constant stirring, cautiously add the acid to the water.7.2.5 Copper and copper alloys - including brass and bronze7.2.5.1 Method¾ remove oil or grease contamination (see 5.3);¾ either scarify with an alumina based grit (6.1) and bond (below) or immerse the item at room temperature forthe appropriate, specified time in the preferred of the three etching solutions (see 7.2.5.2).NOTEFor certain alloys it can be necessary to vary the time required.SIST EN 13887:2003
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...