EN 14588:2010
(Main)Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
This European Standard defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 335. According to CEN/TC 335 this European Standard is applicable to solid biofuels originating from the following sources:
- products from agriculture and forestry;
- vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry;
- vegetable waste from the food processing industry;
- wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood waste from construction- and demolition waste;
- cork waste;
- fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered.
The embedding of the scope within the biomass/biofuel field is given in Figure 1.
NOTE 1 CEN/TC 335 considers that wood waste, including wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 and of the scope of the mandate M/298 "solid biofuels", unless they contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coatings [8].
NOTE 2 There are more terms included within this European Standard as covered by the mandate due to clarification and differentiation.
NOTE 3 Changes of ownership of the fibrous vegetable waste between paper and pulp company and the operator of the co-incineration plant in which the waste is used does not affect the inclusion of the waste in the scope of mandate M/298.
Other standards with a different scope than this European Standard can have different definitions than this standard.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen
Diese Europäische Norm definiert Begriffe, auf die in der gesamten Normungsarbeit innerhalb des Aufgaben-bereichs vom CEN/TC 335 Bezug genommen wird. Nach CEN/TC 335 gilt diese Europäische Norm für feste Biobrennstoffe, die aus folgenden Quellen stammen:
- Produkte aus der Land und Forstwirtschaft;
- pflanzliche Abfälle aus der Land und Forstwirtschaft;
- pflanzliche Abfälle aus der Lebensmittel verarbeitenden Industrie;
- Holzabfälle, mit Ausnahme von Holzabfällen, die im Ergebnis der Behandlung mit Holzschutzmitteln oder Beschichtungen halogenierte organische Verbindungen oder Schwermetalle enthalten können, und zu denen insbesondere Holzabfälle gehören, die von aus Bau und Abbrucharbeiten stammen;
- Korkabfälle;
- faserige pflanzliche Abfälle aus der Herstellung von natürlichem Zellstoff und aus der Herstellung von Papier aus Zellstoff, sofern sie am Herstellungsort mitverbrannt werden und die erzeugte Wärme genutzt wird.
Die Einbettung des Anwendungsbereichs in das Arbeitsgebiet Biomasse/Biobrennstoffe ist in Bild 1 dargestellt.
ANMERKUNG 1 CEN/TC 335 ist der Auffassung, dass Holzabfälle, einschließlich von Holzabfällen aus Bau und Abbrucharbeiten, innerhalb des Aufgabenbereichs des CEN/TC 335 und des Geltungsbereichs des Mandats M/298 „feste Biobrennstoffe“ liegen, außer wenn sie im Ergebnis der Behandlung mit Holzschutzmitteln oder Beschichtungen haloge¬nierte organische Verbindungen oder Schwermetalle enthalten [8].
ANMERKUNG 2 Aus Erfordernissen der Klarstellung und Differenzierung sind in diese Europäischen Norm mehr Begriffe aufgenommen als durch das Mandat erfasst werden.
ANMERKUNG 3 Ein Besitzwechsel der faserigen pflanzlichen Abfälle zwischen der Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie und dem Betreiber der Mitverbrennungsanlage, in der die Abfälle verwendet werden, führt nicht zu Einschränkungen hinsicht¬lich der Aufnahme der Abfälle in den Geltungsbereich des Mandates M/298.
Weitere Normen mit anderen Anwendungsbereichen als dem Anwendungsbere
Biocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et descriptions
La présente Norme Européenne définit des termes dont la normalisation entre dans le domaine d'application du CEN/T 335. Selon le CEN/TC 335, la présente Norme Européenne s'applique aux biocombustibles solides provenant des sources suivantes :
- produits de l'agriculture et de la sylviculture ;
- déchets végétaux agricoles et forestiers ;
- déchets végétaux provenant du secteur de la transformation alimentaire ;
- déchets de bois, à l'exception de ceux qui sont susceptibles de contenir des composés organiques halogénés ou des métaux lourds à la suite d’un traitement avec des conservateurs du bois ou du placement d’un revêtement, y compris, en particulier, les déchets de bois de ce type provenant de déchets de construction ou de démolition ;
- déchets de liège ;
- déchets végétaux fibreux provenant de la production de pâte vierge et de la production de papier à partir de cette pâte si les déchets sont co-incinérés sur les lieux de production avec récupération de chaleur.
L'intégration du domaine d'application dans le champ d’application biomasse/biocombustibles est représentée à la Figure 1.
NOTE 1 Le CEN/TC 335 considère que les déchets de bois, y compris ceux issus de la construction et de la démolition, sont inclus dans le domaine d'application du CEN/TC 335 et dans celui du mandat M/298 « Biocombustibles solides », à moins qu'ils ne contiennent des composés organiques halogénés ou des métaux lourds, suite à un traitement avec des conservateurs du bois ou au placement d’un revêtement [8].
NOTE 2 La présente Norme européenne traite un plus grand nombre de termes que le mandat dans un souci de clarification et de différenciation.
NOTE 3 Le changement du propriétaire des déchets végétaux fibreux entre les industries papetières et l'opérateur de l'usine de co-incinération utilisant les déchets n'affecte pas l'appartenance des déchets au domaine d'application du mandat M/298.
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Trdna biogoriva - Terminologija, definicije in opisi
Ta evropski standard določa izraze, ki se uporabljajo pri vsem standardizacijskem delu v okviru CEN/TC 335. V skladu s CEN/TC 335 ta evropski standard velja za trdna biogoriva, ki izvirajo iz naslednjih virov: proizvodi iz kmetijstva in gozdarstva; rastlinski odpadki iz kmetijstva in gozdarstva; rastlinski odpadki iz živilskopredelovalne industrije; lesni odpadki, z izjemo lesnih odpadkov, ki zaradi obdelave z zaščitnimi sredstvi ali premazi lahko vsebujejo halogenirane organske spojine ali težke kovine in ki vključuje zlasti takšne lesne odpadke, kateri izvirajo iz gradbenih odpadkov in odpadkov pri rušenju objektov; odpadki iz plute; vlakneni rastlinski odpadki iz proizvodnje primarne papirne kaše in iz proizvodnje papirja iz kaše, če se sosežiga na kraju proizvodnje in je ustvarjena toplota zajeta.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trdna biogoriva - Terminologija, definicije in opisiFeste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und BeschreibungenBiocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et descriptionsSolid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuels01.040.75Naftna in sorodna tehnologija (Slovarji)Petroleum and related technologies (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14588:2010SIST EN 14588:2010en,fr,de01-december-2010SIST EN 14588:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14588:20041DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14588
October 2010 ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003English Version
Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Biocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et descriptions
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14588:2010: ESIST EN 14588:2010
Foreword . 3Introduction . 41 Scope . 52 Normative references . 63 Principle . 64 Terms and definitions . 6Annex A (informative)
Translation . 26Annex B (informative)
List of terms defined by CEN/TS 15357:2006 − Solid recovered fuels . 36Bibliography . 38Index . 40
This European Standard defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 335. According to CEN/TC 335 this European Standard is applicable to solid biofuels originating from the following sources: products from agriculture and forestry; vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry; vegetable waste from the food processing industry; wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood waste from construction- and demolition waste; cork waste; fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered. The embedding of the scope within the biomass/biofuel field is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — CEN TC 335 within the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy field NOTE 1 CEN/TC 335 considers that wood waste, including wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 and of the scope of the mandate M/298 "solid biofuels", unless they contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coatings [8]. NOTE 2 There are more terms included within this European Standard as covered by the mandate due to clarification and differentiation.
NOTE 3 Changes of ownership of the fibrous vegetable waste between paper and pulp company and the operator of the co-incineration plant in which the waste is used does not affect the inclusion of the waste in the scope of mandate M/298. Other standards with a different scope than this European Standard can have different definitions than this standard. SIST EN 14588:2010
Table 1 — Structure of the terms [9] Sources of biofuels Woody biomass
Herbaceous biomass
Fruit biomass
Biomass blends and mixtures Solid biofuels Source/origin
Traded forms
Sampling and testing
Properties
Classification and specification Bioenergy
4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Many terms defined within this document are also used in the standardisation work of CEN/TC 343, especially in prEN 15357, Solid recovered fuels
Terminology, definitions and descriptions. Therefore, an informative list of terms defined by prEN 15357 is given in Annex B.
4.1 additive material which improves quality of fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or make production more efficient
NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10]. 4.4 air dried basis condition in which the solid biofuel is in equilibrium with the atmospheric humidity [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.5 animal husbandry residues
agricultural residues originating from livestock keeping
NOTE 1 It includes among others solid excreta of animals. NOTE 2 Animal husbandry residues are not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only. 4.6 as analysed determined basis condition in which the moisture content of the solid biofuel is the content at the moment of analysis/determination [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.7 as received basis as received
as delivered calculation basis for material at delivery 4.8 ash solid mineral residue obtained from a complete fuel combustion [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] NOTE Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles.
4.9 ash deformation temperature
DT temperature at which the first signs of rounding of the edges of the test pieces occurs due to melting 4.10 ash flow temperature
FT
temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is one-third of the height of the test piece at the ash hemisphere temperature SIST EN 14588:2010
characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions NOTE 1 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions. NOTE 2 See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature, and ash sphere temperature. 4.12 ash hemisphere temperature
HT
temperature at which the test piece forms approximately a hemisphere, i.e. when the height becomes equal to half the base diameter
4.13 ash sphere temperature
ST
temperature at which shrinking of the test piece occurs
NOTE This temperature is defined as when the area of the piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550°. 4.14 baled biofuel
bale solid biofuel which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density EXAMPLES Straw bales, bales of energy grass, bales of treetops and branches. 4.15 bark organic cellular tissue which is formed by taller plants (trees, bushes) on the outside of the growth zone (cambium) as a shell for the wooden body 4.16 basis/bases convention on measuring quantity 4.17 basic density ratio of the mass on dry basis and the solid volume on green basis 4.18 bioenergy energy from biomass 4.19 biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass 4.20 biofuel blend biofuel resulting from intentionally mixing of different biofuels
EXAMPLES Straw or energy grass with wood, dried biosludge with bark. SIST EN 14588:2010
densified biofuel made with or without additives in the form of cubiform, polyedric or cylindrical units, produced by compressing pulverised biomass NOTE 1 The raw material for briquettes can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and biomass blends, and biomass mixtures. NOTE 2 Biofuel briquettes are usually manufactured in a piston press. The total moisture of the biofuel briquette is usually less than 15 % of mass as received.
NOTE 3 Biofuel briquettes for non industrial use are specified in prEN 14961-3. 4.22 biofuel mixture biofuel resulting from natural or unintentional mixing of different biofuels and/or different types of biomass 4.23 biofuel pellet
densified biofuel made from pulverised biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form, random length typically 3,15 mm to 40 mm, and broken ends NOTE The raw material for biofuel pellets can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, or biomass blends and mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die. The total moisture of biofuel pellets is usually less than 10 % of mass as received. [Adapted from prEN 14961-2:2010] 4.24 biomass from a scientific and te
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