FprEN IEC 62232:2022
(Main)Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure
Bestimmung der HF-Feldstärke, der Leistungsdichte und der spezifischen Absorptionsrate (SAR) in der Nachbarschaft von Funkkommunikations-Basisstationen zur Ermittlung der menschlichen Exposition
Détermination de l'intensité de champ de radiofréquences, de la densité de puissance et du DAS à proximité des stations de base dans le but d'évaluer l'exposition humaine
Določitev RF poljske jakosti, gostote moči in SAR v okolici radiokomunikacijskih baznih postaj za namene ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti ljudi
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62232:2021
01-september-2021
Določitev RF poljske jakosti, gostote moči in SAR v okolici radiokomunikacijskih
baznih postaj za namene ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti ljudi
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of
radiocommunication base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure
Bestimmung der HF-Feldstärke, der Leistungsdichte und der spezifischen
Absorptionsrate (SAR) in der Nachbarschaft von Funkkommunikations-Basisstationen
zur Ermittlung der menschlichen Exposition
Détermination de l'intensité de champ de radiofréquences, de la densité de puissance et
du DAS à proximité des stations de base de radiocommunication dans le but d'évaluer
l'exposition humaineTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62232:2021
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
oSIST prEN IEC 62232:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 62232:2021
106/550/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62232 ED3
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2021-07-02 2021-09-24
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
106/511/CD, 106/517A/CC
IEC TC 106 : METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ASSOCIATED WITH
HUMAN EXPOSURESECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr Diego Cuartielles
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 9,TC 27,TC 29,TC 34,SC 62A,SC 62B,TC 69,TC
77,TC 78,TC 96,TC 100,TC 124,CISPR
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel votingThe attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which
they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.TITLE:
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of radiocommunication
base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposurePROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2023
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download
this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee
positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose
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oSIST prEN IEC 62232:2021
IEC CDV 62232/ED3 © IEC:2021 -2- 106/550/CDV
1 CONTENTS
3 FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 15
4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 17
5 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 18
6 2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 19
7 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 19
8 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..................................................................................... 32
9 4.1 Physical quantities ................................................................................................ 32
10 4.2 Constants ............................................................................................................. 33
11 4.3 Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................. 33
12 5 How to use this document .............................................................................................. 36
13 5.1 Quick start guide ................................................................................................... 36
14 5.2 RF evaluation purpose categories ......................................................................... 37
15 5.3 Implementation case studies ................................................................................. 38
16 6 Evaluation processes for product compliance, product installation compliance and in-
17 situ RF exposure assessments ...................................................................................... 38
18 6.1 Evaluation process for product compliance ........................................................... 38
19 6.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 38
20 6.1.2 Establishing compliance boundaries .............................................................. 38
21 6.1.3 Iso-surface compliance boundary definition ................................................... 39
22 6.1.4 Simple compliance boundaries ...................................................................... 39
23 6.1.5 Methods for establishing the compliance boundary ........................................ 41
24 6.1.6 Uncertainty .................................................................................................... 44
25 6.1.7 Reporting for product compliance .................................................................. 44
26 6.2 Evaluation process used for product installation compliance ................................. 45
27 6.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 45
28 6.2.2 General evaluation procedure for product installations ................................... 45
29 6.2.3 Product installation compliance based on the actual maximum transmitted30 power or EIRP ............................................................................................... 47
31 6.2.4 Product installation data collection................................................................. 49
32 6.2.5 Simplified product installation evaluation process .......................................... 50
33 6.2.6 Assessment area selection ............................................................................ 54
34 6.2.7 Measurements ............................................................................................... 55
35 6.2.8 Computations ................................................................................................ 56
36 6.2.9 Uncertainty .................................................................................................... 57
37 6.2.10 Reporting for product installation compliance ................................................. 57
38 6.3 In-situ RF exposure evaluation or assessment process ......................................... 58
39 6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 58
40 6.3.2 In-situ measurement process ......................................................................... 58
41 6.3.3 Site analysis .................................................................................................. 60
42 6.3.4 Case A evaluation ......................................................................................... 60
43 6.3.5 Case B evaluation ......................................................................................... 61
44 6.3.6 Uncertainty .................................................................................................... 61
45 6.3.7 Reporting ....................................................................................................... 61
46 6.4 Averaging procedures ........................................................................................... 62
47 6.4.1 Spatial averaging ........................................................................................... 62
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48 6.4.2 Time averaging .............................................................................................. 62
49 7 Determining the evaluation method ................................................................................ 62
50 7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 62
51 7.2 Process to determine the evaluation method ......................................................... 63
52 7.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 63
53 7.2.2 Establishing the evaluation points in relation to the source-environment plane63
54 7.2.3 Exposure metric selection .............................................................................. 64
55 8 Evaluation methods ....................................................................................................... 65
56 8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 65
57 8.2 Measurement methods .......................................................................................... 66
58 8.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 66
59 8.2.2 RF field strength and power density measurements ....................................... 66
60 8.2.3 SAR measurements ....................................................................................... 67
61 8.3 Computation methods ........................................................................................... 68
62 8.4 Methods for assessment based on actual maximum approach .............................. 69
63 8.4.1 General requirements .................................................................................... 69
64 8.4.2 Actual transmitted power or EIRP monitoring ................................................. 70
65 8.4.3 Actual transmitted power or EIRP control ....................................................... 70
66 8.5 Methods for the assessment of RF exposure to multiple sources .......................... 71
67 8.5.1 General requirements .................................................................................... 71
68 8.5.2 Ambient fields ................................................................................................ 73
69 9 Uncertainty .................................................................................................................... 73
70 10 Reporting ...................................................................................................................... 73
71 10.1 General requirements ........................................................................................... 73
72 10.2 Report format ........................................................................................................ 74
73 10.3 Opinions and interpretations ................................................................................. 75
74 Annex A (informative) Source environment plane and guidance on the evaluation method
75 selection ........................................................................................................................ 76
76 A.1 Guidance on the source-environment plane .......................................................... 76
77 A.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 76
78 A.1.2 Source-environment plane example ............................................................... 76
79 A.1.3 Source regions .............................................................................................. 77
80 A.2 Select between computation or measurement approaches .................................... 84
81 A.3 Select measurement method ................................................................................. 84
82 A.3.1 Selection stages ............................................................................................ 84
83 A.3.2 Selecting between RF field strength, power density and SAR measurement84 approaches .................................................................................................... 85
85 A.3.3 Selecting between broadband and frequency-selective measurement ............ 86
86 A.3.4 Selecting RF field strength measurement procedures .................................... 87
87 A.4 Select computation method ................................................................................... 88
88 A.5 Additional considerations ...................................................................................... 89
89 A.5.1 Simplicity ....................................................................................................... 89
90 A.5.2 Evaluation method ranking ............................................................................ 89
91 A.5.3 Applying multiple methods for RF exposure evaluation .................................. 89
92 Annex B (normative) Evaluation methods ............................................................................ 90
93 B.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 90
94 B.2 General ................................................................................................................. 90
95 B.2.1 Coordinate systems and reference points ...................................................... 90
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96 B.2.2 Variables ....................................................................................................... 91
97 B.3 RF exposure evaluation principles ........................................................................ 94
98 B.3.1 Calculation of RF field strength and power density ........................................ 94
99 B.3.2 Measurement of RF field strength and power density ..................................... 97
100 B.3.3 Spatial averaging ........................................................................................... 98
101 B.3.4 Time averaging ............................................................................................ 101
102 B.3.5 Comparing measured and computed values ................................................. 102
103 B.3.6 Personal RF monitors .................................................................................. 102
104 B.4 RF field strength and power density measurements ............................................ 103
105 B.4.1 Applicability of RF field strength and power density measurements ............. 103
106 B.4.2 In-situ RF exposure measurements ............................................................. 103
107 B.4.3 Laboratory based RF field strength and power density measurements ......... 113
108 B.4.4 RF field strength and power density measurement uncertainty ..................... 123
109 B.5 SAR measurements ............................................................................................ 128
110 B.5.1 Overview of SAR measurements.................................................................. 128
111 B.5.2 SAR measurement requirements ................................................................. 128
112 B.5.3 SAR measurement description ..................................................................... 130
113 B.5.4 SAR measurement uncertainty .................................................................... 136
114 B.6 Basic computation methods ................................................................................ 139
115 B.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 139
116 B.6.2 Basic computation formulas for RF field strength or power density evaluation139
117 B.6.3 Basic whole-body SAR and peak spatial-average SAR evaluation formulas . 146
118 B.6.4 Basic compliance boundary assessment method for BS using parabolic dish
119 antennas ..................................................................................................... 152
120 B.6.5 Basic compliance boundary assessment method for intentionally radiating
121 RF cables .................................................................................................... 154
122 B.7 Advanced computation methods ......................................................................... 155
123 B.7.1 General ....................................................................................................... 155
124 B.7.2 Synthetic model and ray tracing algorithms .................................................. 155
125 B.7.3 Full wave RF exposure computation ............................................................ 162
126 B.7.4 Full wave SAR computation ......................................................................... 170
127 B.8 Extrapolation from the evaluated values to the maximum or actual values .......... 175
128 B.8.1 Extrapolation method ................................................................................... 175
129 B.8.2 Extrapolation to maximum in-situ RF field strength or power density using
130 broadband measurements ........................................................................... 176
131 B.8.3 Extrapolation to maximum in-situ RF field strength / power density for132 frequency and code selective measurements ............................................... 176
133 B.8.4 Influence of traffic in real operating network ................................................ 177
134 B.8.5 Extrapolation for massive MIMO and beamforming BS ................................. 177
135 B.8.6 Maximum exposure extrapolation with dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) ..... 179
136 B.9 Guidance for implementing the actual maximum approach .................................. 179
137 B.9.1 BS actual EIRP evaluation assumptions ...................................................... 179
138 B.9.2 Technology duty-cycle factor description ..................................................... 180
139 B.9.3 CDF evaluation using modelling studies ...................................................... 182
140 B.9.4 CDF evaluation using measurement studies on operational BS sites ........... 183
141 B.9.5 Actual transmitted power or EIRP monitoring counters................................. 185
142 B.9.6 Configurations with multiple transmitters...................................................... 185
143 Annex C (informative) Guidelines for the validation of power or EIRP control features and
144 monitoring counter(s) related to the actual maximum approach ................................... 187
145 C.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 187
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146 C.2 Guidelines for validating control feature(s) and monitoring counters .................... 187
147 C.3 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in laboratory conditions ............. 188
148 C.3.1 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in conducted mode ............. 188
149 C.3.2 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in OTA mode ...................... 190
150 C.3.3 Validation of control feature(s) in laboratory conditions ................................ 193
151 C.3.4 Validation of control features using in-situ measurements ............................ 196
152 C.4 Validation report ................................................................................................. 198
153 C.5 Case studies ....................................................................................................... 199
154 C.5.1 Case study A – In-situ validation .................................................................. 199
155 C.5.2 Case study B – In-situ validation .................................................................. 203
156 C.5.3 Case study C – In-situ validation ................................................................. 205
157 Annex D (informative) Rationale supporting simplified product installation criteria ............ 211
158 D.1 General ............................................................................................................... 211
159 D.2 Class E2 ............................................................................................................. 211
160 D.3 Class E10 ........................................................................................................... 212
161 D.4 Class E100 ......................................................................................................... 213
162 D.5 Class E+ ............................................................................................................. 215
163 D.6 Simplified formulas for millimetre-wave antennas using massive MIMO or beam
164 steering .............................................................................................................. 216
165 Annex E (informative) Technology-specific guidance ........................................................ 218
166 E.1 Overview to guidance on specific technologies ................................................... 218
167 E.2 Summary of technology-specific information ....................................................... 218
168 E.3 Guidance on spectrum analyser settings ............................................................. 220
169 E.3.1 Overview of spectrum analyser settings ....................................................... 220
170 E.3.2 Detection algorithms .................................................................................... 220
171 E.3.3 Resolution bandwidth and channel power processing .................................. 221
172 E.3.4 Integration per service ................................................................................. 223
173 E.4 Stable transmitted power signals ........................................................................ 224
174 E.4.1 TDMA/FDMA technology .............................................................................. 224
175 E.4.2 WCDMA/UMTS technology .......................................................................... 225
176 E.4.3 OFDM technology ........................................................................................ 225
177 E.5 WCDMA measurement and calibration using a code domain analyser ................. 225
178 E.5.1 WCDMA measurements – General .............................................................. 225
179 E.5.2 Requirements for the code domain analyser ................................................ 226
180 E.5.3 Calibration ................................................................................................... 227
181 E.6 Wi-Fi measurements ........................................................................................... 228
182 E.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 228
183 E.6.2 Integration time for reproducible measurements .......................................... 229
184 E.6.3 Channel occupation ..................................................................................... 229
185 E.6.4 Some considerations ................................................................................... 230
186 E.6.5 Measurement configuration and steps ......................................................... 230
187 E.6.6 Influence of the application layers ................................................................ 231
188 E.6.7 Power control .............................................................................................. 231
189 E.7 LTE measurements ............................................................................................. 231
190 E.7.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 231
191 E.7.2 LTE transmission modes.............................................................................. 232
192 E.7.3 LTE-FDD frame structure ............................................................................. 233
193 E.7.4 LTE-TDD frame structure ............................................................................. 234
194 E.7.5 Maximum LTE exposure evaluation ............................................................. 235
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195 E.7.6 Instantaneous LTE exposure evaluation ...................................................... 240
196 E.7.7 MIMO multiplexing of LTE BS ...................................................................... 240
197 E.8 NR BS measurements ......................................................................................... 240
198 E.8.1 General ....................................................................................................... 240
199 E.8.2 Maximum NR exposure evaluation ............................................................... 241
200 E.9 Establishing compliance boundaries using numerical simulations of MIMO array
201 antennas emitting correlated wave-forms ............................................................ 248
202 E.9.1 General ....................................................................................................... 248
203 E.9.2 Field combining near radio base stations for correlated exposure with the
204 purpose of establishing compliance boundaries ........................................... 249
205 E.9.3 Numerical simulations of MIMO array antennas with densely packed columns250
206 E.9.4 Numerical simulations of large MIMO array antennas .................................. 250
207 E.10 Massive MIMO antennas ..................................................................................... 251
208 E.10.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 251
209 E.10.2 Deterministic conservative approach ........................................................... 251
210 E.10.3 Statistical conservative approach ................................................................ 251
211 E.10.4 Example approaches ................................................................................... 252
212 Annex F (informative) Guidelines for the assessment of BS compliance with ICNIRP-2020
213 brief exposure limits .................................................................................................... 267
214 F.1 General ............................................................................................................... 267
215 F.2 Brief exposure limits ........................................................................................... 267
216 F.3 Implications of brief exposure limits on signal modulation and TDD duty cycle .... 268
217 F.4 Implications of brief exposure limits on the actual maximum approach ................ 268
218 Annex G (informative) Uncertainty .................................................................................... 273
219 G.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 273
220 G.2 Requirement to estimate uncertainty ................................................................... 273
221 G.3 How to estimate uncertainty ................................................................................ 274
222 G.4 Guidance on uncertainty and assessment schemes ............................................ 274
223 G.4.1 General ....................................................................................................... 274
224 G.4.2 Overview of assessment schemes ............................................................... 274
225 G.4.3 Examples of assessment schemes .............................................................. 275
226 G.4.4 Assessment schemes and compliance probabilities ..................................... 278
227 G.5 Guidance on uncertainty ..................................................................................... 280
228 G.5.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 280
229 G.5.2 Measurement uncertainty and confidence levels .......................................... 280
230 G.6 Applying uncertainty for compliance assessments ............................................... 282
231 G.7 Example influence quant...
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