SIST EN 17800:2023
(Main)Life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for CO2 emissions in ductile iron pipe systems
Life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for CO2 emissions in ductile iron pipe systems
Inspired on the International standards ISO 21053 part 1 LCC, the proposed EN standard will be enriched with additional sections:
‒ to define the Reference Service Life (RSL), Functional Units, safety criteria’s for water supply service,
parameters of in-used conditions.
‒ to clarify the conditions of validity of data’s (published, home data’s…)
‒ to introduce concept of Circular Economy and Recyclability of Ductile Iron pipelines.
Lebenszykluskosten (LCC) und Lebenszyklusanalyse (LCA) der CO2-Emissionen von Rohrsystemen aus duktilem Gusseisen
Dieses Dokument legt das Evaluierungsverfahren für die Lebenszykluskosten (LCC) und die Ökobilanz (ÖB) von Rohren und Formstücken aus duktilem Gusseisen für die Wassernutzung fest.
Dieses Dokument enthält informative Anhänge mit einer Zusammenstellung von Referenzangaben, Konsensfaktoren und Szenarien mit verschiedenen Rohrleitungen aus duktilem Gusseisen.
Coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour les émissions de CO2 dans les systèmes de canalisations en fonte ductile
Le présent document spécifie la méthode d’évaluation du coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et de l’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) des tuyaux et raccords en fonte ductile utilisés pour la distribution d’eau et qui sont en conformité avec l’EN 545.
L’évaluation du CCV est basée sur les concepts et méthodes développés dans l’ISO 15686-5.
L’évaluation de l’ACV est basée sur les concepts et méthodes développés dans l’ISO 15686-6, l’EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, l’EN ISO 14040 et l’EN ISO 14044.
Dans le présent document, l’ACV se limite à l’évaluation de l’impact environnemental dû aux émissions de CO2 associées à la consommation de ressources naturelles ou d’énergie et à l’élimination des déchets. Les autres catégories d’impacts ne font pas partie du domaine d’application du présent document.
Le présent document comprend des annexes informatives qui proposent une compilation de données consensuelles, des références et des scénarios utilisant différentes canalisations en fonte ductile.
Stroški življenjskega cikla (LCC) in ocena življenjskega cikla (LCA) cevnih sistemov iz duktilne železove litine zaradi emisije CO2
Po zgledu mednarodnega standarda ISO 21053, del 1 LCC, bo predlagani standard EN obogaten z dodatnimi oddelki:
– opredelitev referenčne življenjske dobe (RSL), funkcionalnih enot, varnostnih meril za storitve oskrbe z vodo,
parametri pogojev uporabe;
– razjasnitev pogojev veljavnosti podatkov (objavljeni, domači podatki ...);
– uvedba koncepta krožnega gospodarstva in možnosti recikliranja cevovodov iz duktilne litine.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17800:2023
01-april-2023
Stroški življenjskega cikla (LCC) in ocena življenjskega cikla (LCA) cevnih
sistemov iz duktilne železove litine zaradi emisije CO2
Life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for CO2 emissions in ductile iron
pipe systems
Lebenszykluskosten (LCC) und Lebenszyklusanalyse (LCA) der CO2-Emissionen von
Rohrsystemen aus duktilem Gusseisen
Coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour les émissions de CO2
dans les systèmes de canalisations en fonte ductile
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17800:2022
ICS:
13.020.60 Življenjski ciklusi izdelkov Product life-cycles
23.040.10 Železne in jeklene cevi Iron and steel pipes
91.140.60 Sistemi za oskrbo z vodo Water supply systems
SIST EN 17800:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17800:2023
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.140.75; 91.140.60
English Version
Life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for
CO emissions in ductile iron pipe systems
2
Coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et analyse du cycle de vie Lebenszykluskosten (LCC) und Lebenszyklusanalyse
(ACV) pour les émissions de CO dans les systèmes de (LCA) der CO -Emissionen von Rohrsystemen für
2 2
canalisations en fonte ductile Rohrsysteme aus duktilem Eisen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17800:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 Basic concept of life cycle cost (LCC) for ductile iron pipe systems. 9
4.1 Definition of life cycle cost . 9
4.2 Calculation method . 10
5 Breakdown of life cycle cost . 12
5.1 Acquisition cost . 12
5.2 Operation cost . 13
5.3 Maintenance cost . 13
5.4 End of life cost or revenue . 13
6 Basic concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) for ductile iron pipe systems . 14
6.1 Definition of CO emissions impact . 14
2
6.2 Calculation method of CO emissions . 14
2
7 Breakdown of CO emissions . 15
2
7.1 CO emissions at the acquisition stage . 15
2
7.2 CO emissions at the operation stage . 15
2
7.3 CO emissions at the maintenance stage . 16
2
7.4 CO emissions at end of life stage . 16
2
8 Key drivers for LCC and LCA evaluation . 17
8.1 General. 17
8.2 Reference service life (RSL) . 17
8.3 Functional unit (FU) . 18
8.4 Water leaks volume . 18
8.5 Failure rate . 18
9 Quality of data . 18
Annex A (informative) Pumping cost and CO emissions with pump operation . 20
2
A.1 Pumping cost . 20
A.2 Daily pumping energy . 20
A.3 Total head loss . 21
A.4 CO emissions with pump operation . 22
2
Annex B (informative) Scenarios of LCC and CO emissions with different DI pipelines . 23
2
B.1 Scenarios of LCC . 23
2
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
B.2 Scenarios of CO emissions . 24
2
Annex C (informative) Water leaks and failure rate of ductile iron pipelines . 25
C.1 water leaks evaluation . 25
C.2 Examples of failure rates . 25
C.2.1 General . 25
C.2.2 Example in France . 26
C.2.3 Example in Germany. 26
C.2.4 Example in Spain . 27
Annex D (informative) Circular economy, LCC and CO emissions . 28
2
D.1 General . 28
D.2 Conservation of mechanical characteristics in time . 28
D.3 Recyclability . 28
D.4 Worldwide scrap collecting . 28
D.5 Optimum hydraulic conveyance capacity . 29
D.6 Optimum pipe wall thickness . 29
D.7 Preservation of soil . 29
Bibliography . 30
3
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17800:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 203 “Cast iron
pipes, fittings and their joints”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
Introduction
Studies on economic and environmental impacts are important for utility decision-makers as they seek
to balance budget concerns over immediate and long-term needs across acquisition, operations, and
maintenance, and planned end of life. For authorities and engineers designing pipeline systems, the life
cycle cost (LCC) and live cycle assessment (LCA) serve as a tool to study various scenarios to determine
the right solution for site-specific conditions and community values, as well as to provide the necessary
data to support those decisions. Impacts on the circular economy should be taken into consideration too.
The intention of this document, dedicated to ductile iron pipe systems, is to define objective
methodologies for LCC and LCA- carbon footprint, respectively, in order to support customers and users
to optimize ductile iron pipe solutions with global cost evaluation, safety requirements and
environmental criteria.
5
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the evaluation method of life cycle cost (LCC) and Life cycle assessment (LCA) of
ductile iron pipes and fittings used for water applications and which are in compliance with EN 545.
LCC evaluation is based on concepts and methods developed in ISO 15686-5.
LCA evaluation is based on concepts and methods developed in ISO 15686-6, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019,
EN ISO 14040 and EN ISO 14044.
In this document, LCA is limited to the evaluation of environmental impact due to CO emissions
2
associated with the consumption of natural resources or energy and waste disposal. The other categories
of impacts are not in the scope of this document.
Informative annexes are included in this document as a compilation of references, consensual factors,
and scenarios with different DI pipelines.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 545:2010, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines — Requirements
and test methods
1
EN ISO 14044:2006 , Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
(ISO 14044:2006)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 545:2010 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
life cycle cost
cost of an asset throughout its life cycle, while fulfilling the performance requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.1.7, modified]
1
As impacted by EN ISO 14044:2006/A1:2018 and EN ISO 14044:2006/A2:2020.
6
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3.1.2
life cycle assessment
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product
system
Note 1 to entry: Environmental life cycle assessment and environmental life cycle analysis are synonymous.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006, 3.2, modified – “throughout its life cycle” at the end of the definition has
been removed; Note 1 to entry has been added]
3.1.3
acquisition cost
all costs included in acquiring an asset by purchase/lease or construction procurement route, excluding
costs during the occupation and use or end-of-life phases of the life cycle of the constructed asset
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.1.1]
3.1.4
operation cost
total running costs for water conveyance, including the cost for pumping and cost for water leakage
Note 1 to entry: Operation costs could include rent, rates, insurances, energy, and other environmental/regulatory
inspection costs.
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.1.11, modified]
3.1.5
maintenance cost
total labour, material, and other related costs incurred to maintain pipelines in a state in which it can
perform its required functions
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.1.9, modified]
3.1.6
end of life cost or revenue
total of costs or fee for disposing of an asset at the end of its service life or interest period, including costs
resulting from pipeline dismantling, waste disposal, and revenue from material recovery
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.1.5, modified – “including costs resulting from pipeline dismantling,
waste disposal, and revenue from material recovery” has been added]
3.1.7
period of analysis
period of time over which life cycle costs or whole-life costs are analysed
Note 1 to entry: The period of analysis is determined by the client.
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.3.6]
3.1.8
functional unit
quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit
[SOURCE: EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, 3.13, from EN ISO 14040:2006]
7
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
3.1.9
service life
period of time after installation during which a facility or its component parts meet or exceed the
performance requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.25]
3.1.10
in-use condition
any circumstance that can impact on the performance of a building or a constructed asset, or a part
thereof, under normal use
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.10, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted]
3.1.11
reference service life
service life of a pipeline system which is known to be expected under a particular set, i.e. a reference set,
of in-use conditions and which can form the basis for estimating the service life under other in-use
conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-1:2011, 3.22, modified – “product, component, assembly or system” has been
replaced by “pipeline system”]
3.1.12
residual value
value assigned to an asset at the end of the period of analysis
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.3.8]
3.1.13
discount rate
factor or rate reflecting the time value of money that is used to convert cash flows occurring at different
times to a common time
Note 1 to entry: This can be used to convert future values to present-day values and vice versa.
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.3.1]
3.1.14
failure rate
number of failures (which cause a reparation) per unit length of the pipeline per year
3.1.15
water leak volume
3
volume of total water lost along the pipeline in m in a period of one year, (including permanent water
losses on line, water losses during failure, reparation and cleaning…)
Note 1 to entry: Evaluation is depending of the measuring equipment and collecting information system put in
force by water authority.
8
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
3.1.16
nominal size DN
alphanumerical designation of size for components of a pipework system, to be used for reference
purposes, which comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number which is indirectly
related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections
[SOURCE: EN 545:2010]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
FU functional unit
LCC life cycle cost
LCA life cycle assessment
RSL reference service life
SL service life
4 Basic concept of life cycle cost (LCC) for ductile iron pipe systems
4.1 Definition of life cycle cost
The life cycle cost shall be calculated using Formula (1) as a sum of the acquisition cost, the operation
cost such as the electric power usage cost of the pump operation, the maintenance cost such as the
leakage cost, and the end of life cost or revenue. B.1 shows scenarios of LCC with two different pipelines.
(1)
C= C++CC+ C
L A OM E
C is the life cycle cost;
L
C is the acquisition cost; it includes the pipe and fittings material cost, construction cost, and
A
designing/survey cost;
C is the operation cost; it includes the pumping cost;
O
C is the maintenance cost; it includes the leakage cost, repair cost, etc.;
M
C is the end of life cost or revenue; it includes the disposal cost and benefit of recycling.
E
9
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
4.2 Calculation method
The life cycle cost shall be calculated using Formula (2) to (4) by totalizing all the costs in a period of
analysis. Cost in the future is converted into a current value using a discount rate. In a case where the
evaluation period is not just the same as multiples of the service life(SL), the residual value is deducted
from the life cycle cost.
Case 1: t < t
n m
t
n
C + C C × tt− / t
( )
OM,,tt A mn m
(2)
CC=+−
LA
∑
tt
n
()1+ r
()1+ r
t=1
Case 2: t = t
n m
t
m
C + C
C
OM,,tt
E
CC=++ (3)
LA ∑
tt
m
()1+ r
()1+ r
t=1
Case 3: t < t < 2 × t
m n m
t
n
C + C C ××2 tt− / t
CC ( )
OM,,tt A mn m
AE
CC=++ +− (4)
LA
∑
t tt t
m mn
()1+ r
()1+ r ()11++rr()
t=1
where
C is the life cycle cost;
L
t is the time in years;
t is the period of analysis, in year;
n
t is the service life (SL), in year;
m
C is the acquisition cost;
A
th
C
is the operation cost in the t year;
O,t
th
C
is the maintenance cost in the t year;
M,t
C is the end of life cost or revenue;
E
r is the discount rate.
10
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
Key
1 acquisition cost
2 operation cost
3 maintenance cost
4 end of life cost or revenue
X time in years
Y costs
1
Figure 1 — Costs per year
11
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
Key
1 acquisition cost
2 operation cost
3 maintenance cost
4 end of life cost or revenue
X time in years
Y accumulated costs
2
Figure 2 — Accumulated costs during the service life
5 Breakdown of life cycle cost
5.1 Acquisition cost
The acquisition cost shall be calculated using Formula (5) as a total of the pipe material cost, construction
cost, and designing/survey cost.
C= A++A A (5)
A PC D
where
C is the acquisition cost;
A
A is the pipe and fittings material cost;
P
A is the construction cost (pipe transporting cost, pipe laying cost, trenching cost, backfilling cost
C
etc.);
A is the designing/survey cost (all the studies useful for the project).
D
12
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SIST EN 17800:2023
EN 17800:2022 (E)
5.2 Operation cost
The yearly operation cost shall be calculated using Formula (6) as the pumping cost such as the electric
power usage cost of the pump operation. Details of the computation about the pumping cost are shown
in Annex A.
C O+ O (6)
O,,t P t W,t
where
th
C
is the operation cost in the t year;
O,t
th
O
is the pumping cost in the t year;
P,t
th
O
is the water leak cost in the t year and it shall be calculated as follows:
W,t
O WU×
W,,t Lt P
where
th 3
W
is the water leak on the pipeline in the t year (evaluated according to Annex C), in m ;
L,t
th
U
is the unit price, in the t year, of water supply, in currency per cubic meter.
P
5.3 Maintenance cost
The yearly maintenance cost shall be calculated using Formula (7) as a total of the leakage cost, leak
detection cost, repair cost, and others maintenance cost.
C = M +M +M (7)
M,t D,t R,t O,t
where
th
C
is the maintenance cost in the t year;
M,t
th
M
is the leak detection cost in the t year;
D,t
th
M
is the repair cost in the t year;
R,t
th
M
is another maintenance cost in the t year.
O,t
5.4 End of life cost or revenue
The end of life cost or revenue shall be calculated using Formula (9) as a total of the pipeline dismantling
cost and the waste disposal cost, deducting the revenue from material recovery.
(9)
C=EE+− E
E PW R
where
C is the end of life cost or revenue;
E
E is the pipeline dismantling cost;
P
E is the waste disposal cost;
W
E is the potential revenue from material recovery. (Material recovery is considered to be
R
applicable only to ductile iron pipes.)
13
=
=
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
6 Basic concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) for ductile iron pipe systems
6.1 Definition of CO emissions impact
2
Environmental life cycle assessment is a technique to assess environmental impacts through all the stages
of product and service life. Associated CO emissions can be quantitatively estimated by the amount of
2
kg CO equivalent unit, unit which is applicable in all the concerned formulas.
2
Total CO emissions shall be calculated using Formula (10) as a total amount of CO emissions through
2 2
all life cycle stages such as acquisition stage, operation stage, maintenance stage, and end of life stage.
E= E++EE+ E (10)
T A OM E
where
E is the total CO emissions through all life cycle stages;
T 2
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
E are the CO emissions at the operation stage;
O 2
E are the CO emissions at the maintenance stage;
M 2
E are CO emissions at end of life stage.
E 2
6.2 Calculation method of CO emissions
2
The total amount of CO emissions shall be calculated using Formulae (11) to (13) by totalizing all the
2
CO emissions in a period of analysis (t ).
2 n
Case 1: t < t
n m
t
n
E=E++(E E ) (11)
T A O,,ttM
∑
t=1
Case 2: t = t
n m
t
n
(12)
E=E+ (E ++E ) E
T A O,,ttM E
∑
t=1
Case 3: t < t < 2 × t
m n m
t
n
E =2×+E (EE+ )+ E (13)
T A ∑ OM,,tt E
t=1
where
E is the total CO emissions through all life cycle stages;
T 2
t is the time in years;
t is the period of analysis, in year;
n
t is the service life(SL), in year;
m
14
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
-th
E
are the CO emissions at operation stage in the t year;
O,t
2
-th
E
are the CO emissions at the maintenance stage in the t year;
M,t
2
E are the CO emissions at end of life stage.
E 2
7 Breakdown of CO emissions
2
7.1 CO emissions at the acquisition stage
2
CO emissions at the acquisition stage shall be calculated using Formula (14) as a total of CO emissions
2 2
with pipe manufacture, construction material production, construction machine operation,
transportation, and regeneration treatment of excavated soil.
E= E++E E+ E+ E (14)
A AP AC AO AT AR
where
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
E is the CO emissions with pipe manufacture (raw material procurement, transportation to the
AP 2
factory, manufacturing, etc.). The calculation methodology for CO emissions shall take into
2
account the provision for scrap recycling in ductile iron pipe production. Data are available
from manufacturers or from recognized public or private data’s bases.
E is the CO emissions with construction material production (asphalt pavement materials, road
AC 2
bedding materials, sand, etc.);
E is the CO emissions with construction machine operation for pipe laying work (installation of
AO 2
pipes and valves by crane, crush and loading of existing pavement by a backhoe, excavation
and loading of soil by a backhoe, backfilling by a backhoe, compaction by tamper, road bedding
by tamper or vibratory roller, asphalt paving work by vibratory roller or vibratory compactor,
etc.);
is the CO emissions with transportation of pipes, construction materials, construction
E
2
AT
machines, excavated soil, ground-improved soil, and construction wastes;
E is the CO emissions with regeneration treatment of excavated soil.
AR 2
7.2 CO emissions at the operation stage
2
Yearly CO emissions at the operation stage shall be calculated using Formula (15) as a total of CO
2 2
emissions with pumping operation and due to water leaks.
EE + E (15)
O,,t OP t OW,t
where
-th
E
is the CO emissions at operation stage in the t year;
O,t
2
th
E
is the CO emissions with pumping operation in the t year;
OP,t
2
th
E
is the CO emission due to water leak in the t year, and calculated as follows:
OW,t
2
15
=
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EN 17800:2022 (E)
E WQ×
OW,t L,t W,co2
where
th 3
W
is the water leak along the pipeline in the t year (calculated according to Annex C), in m ;
L,t
3.
Q
is the CO emission factor for water supply, in kg CO eq/ m
W,co2
2 2
7.3 CO emissions at the maintenance stage
2
Yearly CO emissions at the maintenance stage shall be calculated using Formula (16) as a total of CO
2 2
emissions due to leakage, during machine operation for maintenance, production of restoration
materials, and during machine operation for restoration.
E = E +E +E (16)
M,t MM,t MP,t MR,t
where
-th
E
is the CO emissions at maintenance stage in the t year;
M,t
2
E is the CO emissions with machine operation for maintenance (inspection, drainage, washing,
MM,t 2
th
etc.) in the t year;
th
E
is the CO emissions with the production of restoration materials in the t year;
MP,t
2
th
E
is the CO emissions with machine operation for restoration work in the t year.
MR,t
2
7.4 CO emissions at end o
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17800:2022
01-januar-2022
Stroški življenjskega cikla (LCC) in ocena življenjskega cikla (LCA) cevnih
sistemov iz duktilne železove litine
Life cycle cost (LCC) and Life cycle assessment (LCA) for ductile iron pipe systems
Lebenszykluskosten (LCK) und Ökobilanz (ÖB) für Rohrsysteme aus duktilem
Gusseisen
Coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour les systèmes de
canalisations en fonte ductile
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17800
ICS:
13.020.60 Življenjski ciklusi izdelkov Product life-cycles
23.040.10 Železne in jeklene cevi Iron and steel pipes
91.140.60 Sistemi za oskrbo z vodo Water supply systems
oSIST prEN 17800:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17800:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17800
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 77.140.75; 91.140.60
English Version
Life cycle cost (LCC) and Life cycle assessment (LCA) for
ductile iron pipe systems
Coût du cycle de vie (CCV) et analyse du cycle de vie Lebenszykluskosten (LCK) und Ökobilanz (ÖB) für
(ACV) pour les systèmes de canalisations en fonte Rohrsysteme aus duktilem Gusseisen
ductile
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 203.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17800:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Basic concept of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for ductile iron pipe systems. 7
4.1 Definition of life cycle cost . 7
4.2 Calculation method . 8
5 Breakdown of life Cycle Cost . 10
5.1 Acquisition cost . 10
5.2 Operation cost . 11
5.3 Maintenance cost . 11
5.4 End of life cost or revenue . 11
6 Basic concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) for ductile iron pipe systems . 12
6.1 Definition of environmental life cycle assessment . 12
6.2 Calculation method of CO emissions . 12
2
6.3 Other impacts . 13
7 Breakdown of CO emissions . 14
2
7.1 CO emissions at the acquisition stage . 14
2
7.2 CO emissions at the operation stage. 14
2
7.3 CO emissions at the maintenance stage . 14
2
7.4 CO emissions at end of life stage . 15
2
8 Key drivers for LCC and LCA evaluation . 15
8.1 Reference Service Life (RSL) . 15
8.1.1 General. 15
8.1.2 RSL of DI pipeline . 15
8.1.3 In-use conditions . 16
8.2 Functional Unit (FU) . 16
8.2.1 General. 16
8.2.2 FU for DI pipeline: . 16
8.2.3 Service Safety conditions . 16
8.3 Leakage incident . 17
9 LCC and LCA reduction in Circular economy . 17
9.1 General. 17
9.2 Conservation of mechanical characteristics in time . 17
9.3 Recyclability . 18
9.4 Conveyance capacity . 18
9.5 Preservation of soil . 18
9.6 Ferule collecting and Rate of reuse . 18
9.7 Optimum pipe wall thickness . 18
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10 Quality of data . 18
Annex A (informative) Pumping cost and CO emissions with pump operation . 20
2
A.1 Pumping cost . 20
A.2 Daily pumping energy . 20
A.3 Total head (H) . 20
A.4 CO emissions with pump operation . 22
2
Annex B (informative) Scenarios of LCC and LCA with different DI pipelines . 23
B.1 Scenario of LCC with different DI pipelines . 23
B.2 Scenario of LCA with different DI pipelines . 24
Annex C (informative) Leakage incident rate of ductile iron pipes . 26
C.1 Water leakage evaluation . 26
C.2 Example of leakage incident rate of a ductile iron pipe network . 26
C.2.1 General . 26
C.2.2 Example in France . 27
C.2.3 Example in Germany. 27
C.2.4 Example in Spain . 27
Bibliography . 29
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17800:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 203 “Cast iron
pipes, fittings, and their joints”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
4
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Introduction
Studies on economic and environmental impacts are important for utility decision-makers as they seek
to balance budget concerns over immediate and long-term needs across acquisition, operations, and
maintenance, and planned end of life. For authorities and engineers designing pipeline systems, the life
cycle cost (LCC) and live cycle assessment(LCA) serve as a tool to study various scenarios to determine
the right solution for site-specific conditions and community values, as well as to provide the necessary
data to support those decisions. Impacts on the circular economy should be taken into consideration too.
The intention of this document, dedicated to DI pipe systems, is to state the concepts of Life Cycle
Cost(LCC), Live Cycle assessment(LCA), reference service life (RSL), the functional unit (FU), to define
objective methodologies for LCC and LCA, respectively, in order to support customers and users to
optimize DI pipe solutions with global cost evaluation, safety requirements and environmental criteria.
5
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1 Scope
This document specifies the evaluation method of life cycle cost (LCC) and Life cycle assessment (LCA) of
ductile iron pipes and fittings used for water applications
Informative annexes are included in this document as a compilation of references, consensual factors,
and scenarios with different DI pipelines.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
life cycle cost
LCC
cost of an asset throughout its life cycle, while fulfilling the performance requirements
3.2
acquisition cost
all costs included in acquiring an asset by purchase/lease or construction procurement route, excluding
costs during the occupation and use or end-of-life phases of the life cycle of the constructed asset
3.3
operation cost
total running costs for water conveyance, including the pumping cost
Note 1 to entry: Operation costs could include rent, rates, insurances, energy, and other environmental/regulatory
inspection.
3.4
maintenance cost
total labor, material, and other related costs incurred to maintain pipelines
3.5
end of life cost or revenue
total of costs or fee for disposing of an asset at the end of its service life (3.8) or interest period, including
costs resulting from pipeline dismantling, waste disposal, and revenue from material recovery
3.6
period of analysis
period of time over which life cycle costs (3.1) or whole-life costs are analyzed
Note 1 to entry: The period of analysis is determined by the client.
3.7
functional unit
FU
the way in which the identified functions or performance characteristics of the product are quantified
[SOURCE: EN 15804]
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3.8
reference service life
RSL
service life of a construction product which is known to be expected under a particular set, i.e., a reference
set, of in-use conditions and which can form the basis for estimating the service life under other in-use
conditions
[SOURCE: EN 15804]
3.9
residual value
the value assigned to an asset at the end of the period of analysis (3.6)
3.10
discount rate
factor or rate reflecting the time value of money that is used to convert cash flows occurring at different
times to a common time
Note 1 to entry: This can be used to convert future values to present-day values and vice versa.
3.11
leakage incident rate
number of pipe bodies’ damages or water leak per unit length of the pipeline
3.12
nominal size
DN
alphanumerical designation of size for components of a pipework system, to be used for reference
purposes, which comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number which is indirectly
related to the physical size, in millimeters, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections
[SOURCE: EN 545]
4 Basic concept of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for ductile iron pipe systems
4.1 Definition of life cycle cost
The life cycle cost is calculated using Formula (1) as a sum of the acquisition cost, the operation cost such
as the electric power usage cost of the pump operation, the maintenance cost such as the leakage cost,
and the end of life cost or revenue. B.1 shows scenarios of LCC with two different pipelines.
C= C++CC+ C (1)
L A OM E
C is the life cycle cost;
L
C
is the acquisition cost; it includes the pipe and fittings material cost, construction cost, and
A
designing/survey cost;
C is the operation cost; it includes the pumping cost;
O
C is the maintenance cost; it includes the leakage cost, repair cost, etc.;
M
C is the end of life cost or revenue; it includes the disposal cost and benefit of recycling.
E
7
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4.2 Calculation method
The life cycle cost is calculated using Formula (2) to (4) by totalizing all the costs in a period of analysis.
Cost in the future is converted into a current value using a discount rate. In a case where the evaluation
period is not just the same as multiples of the service life, the residual value is deducted from the life cycle
cost.
Case 1 t < t
n m
t
n
CC+ C × tt− / t
( )
OM,,tt A mn m
CC=+− (2)
LA
∑
tt
n
()1+ r
()1+ r
t=1
Case 2 t = t
n m
t
m
CC+
C
OM,,tt
E
CC=++ (3)
LA
∑
tt
m
()1+ r
()1+ r
t=1
Case 3 t < t < 2 × t
m n m
t
n
CC+ C ××2 tt− / t
CC
( )
OM,,tt A mn m
AE
CC=++ +− (4)
LA
∑
t tt t
m mn
()1+ r
()1+ r ()11++rr()
t=1
where
C is the life cycle cost;
L
t is the time in year;
t is the period of analysis;
n
t is the service life;
m
C is the acquisition cost;
A
th
C
is the operation cost in the t year;
O,t
th
C
is the maintenance cost in the t year;
M,t
C
is the end of life cost or revenue;
E
r is the discount rate.
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Key
1 acquisition cost
2 operation cost
3 maintenance cost
4 end of life cost or revenue
X time in year
Y cost
1
Y
LCC
2
Figure 1 — Costs per year
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Key
1 acquisition cost
2 operation cost
3 maintenance cost
4 end of life cost or revenue
X time in year
Y cost
1
Y LCC
2
Figure 2 — Accumulated costs during the service life
5 Breakdown of life Cycle Cost
5.1 Acquisition cost
The acquisition cost is calculated using Formula (5) as a total of the pipe material cost, construction cost,
and designing/survey cost.
C= A++A A (5)
A PC D
where
C is the acquisition cost;
A
A is the pipe and fittings material cost;
P
A is the construction cost (pipe laying cost, trenching cost, backfilling cost etc.);
C
A is the designing/survey cost (all the studies useful for the project).
D
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5.2 Operation cost
The yearly operation cost is calculated using Formula (6) as the pumping cost such as the electric power
usage cost of the pump operation. Details of the computation about the pumping cost are shown in
Annex A.
C = O (6)
OP,,tt
where
th
C
is the operation cost in the t year;
O,t
th
O
is the pumping cost in the t year.
P,t
5.3 Maintenance cost
The yearly maintenance cost is calculated using Formula (7) as a total of the leakage cost, leak detection
cost, repair cost, and others maintenance cost.
(7)
C= MM++ M+ M
M,t L,t DR,t ,,ttO
where
th
C
is the maintenance cost in the t year;
M,t
th
M
is the leakage cost (cost of water losses) in the t year;
L,t
th
M
is the leak detection cost in the t year;
D,t
th
M
is the repair cost in the t year;
R,t
th
M
is another maintenance cost in the t year.
O,t
The yearly leakage cost is calculated using Formula (8) as a total of water loss costs due to leakage and
pipeline cleaning during damage.
M = DP×× L+ V× U (8)
( )
L,t RL V C P
where
D is the damage ratio, in incident numbers per kilometer per year;
R
P is the total pipeline length, in km;
L
L is the water leakage volume, in cubic meters per incident;
V
V is the water volume for cleaning, in cubic meters per incident;
C
U is the unit price of water supply, in currency per cubic meter.
P
5.4 End of life cost or revenue
The end of life cost or revenue is calculated using Formula (9) as a total of the pipeline dismantling cost
and the waste disposal cost, deducting the revenue from material recovery.
C=EE+− E (9)
E PW R
11
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where
C is the end of life cost or revenue;
E
E is the pipeline dismantling cost;
P
E is the waste disposal cost;
W
E
is the revenue from material recovery.
R
Material recovery is considered to be applicable only to ductile iron pipes.
6 Basic concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) for ductile iron pipe systems
6.1 Definition of environmental life cycle assessment
Environmental life cycle assessment is a technique to assess environmental impacts through all the stages
of product and service life. Environmental impact associated with the consumption of natural resources
or energy and waste disposal can be quantitatively estimated as the amount of CO emissions.
2
Total CO emissions are calculated using Formula (10) as a total amount of CO emissions through all life
2 2
cycle stages such as acquisition stage, operation stage, maintenance stage, and end of life stage.
E= E++EE+ E (10)
T A OM E
where
E is the total CO emissions through all life cycle stages;
T 2
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
E are the CO emissions at the operation stage;
O 2
E are the CO emissions at the maintenance stage;
M 2
E are CO emissions at end of life stage
E 2
6.2 Calculation method of CO emissions
2
The total amount of CO emissions is calculated using Formulae (11) to (13) by totalizing all the CO
2 2
emissions in a period of analysis.
Case1 t < t
n m
t
n
E=E++(E E ) (11)
T A O,,ttM
∑
t=1
Case2 t = t
n m
t
n
E=E+ (E ++E ) E (12)
T A ∑ O,,ttM E
t=1
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Case3 t < t < 2 × t
m n m
t
n
E =2×+E (EE+ )+ E (13)
T A OM,,tt E
∑
t=1
where
E is the total CO emissions;
T 2
t is the time in year;
t is the period of analysis;
n
t
is the service life;
m
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
-th
E
are the CO emissions at operation stage in the t year;
O,t
2
-th
E
are the CO emissions at the maintenance stage in the t year;
M,t
2
E are the CO emissions at end of life stage;
E 2
6.3 Other impacts
Environmental impact can also be evaluated in other categories which are listed below. These categories
are not in the scope of this standard.
Impact on the environment:
— climate change
— air, water, and soil pollution
— ozone depletion
— eutrophication
— acidification
— reduction of biological diversity
Impact on human health:
— hazardous substance emissions
— smog formation
Impact on natural resource consumption:
— depletion of resources
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7 Breakdown of CO emissions
2
7.1 CO emissions at the acquisition stage
2
CO emissions at the acquisition stage are calculated using Formula (14) as a total of CO emissions with
2 2
pipe manufacture, construction material production, construction machine operation, transportation,
and regeneration treatment of excavated soil.
E= E++E E+ E+ E (14)
A AP AC AO AT AR
where
E are the CO emissions at the acquisition stage;
A 2
E is the CO emissions with pipe manufacture (raw material procurement, transportation to the
AP 2
factory, manufacturing, etc.). The calculation methodology for CO emissions shall take into
2
account the provision for scrap recycling in ductile iron pipe production. Data are available
from manufacturers or from recognized public or private data’s bases.
E is the CO emissions with construction material production (asphalt pavement materials, road
AC 2
bedding materials, sand, etc.);
E is the CO emissions with construction machine operation for pipe laying work (installation of
AO 2
pipes and valves by crane, crush and loading of existing pavement by a backhoe, excavation
and loading of soil by a backhoe, backfilling by a backhoe, compaction by tamper, road bedding
by tamper or vibratory roller, asphalt paving work by vibratory roller or vibratory compactor,
etc.);
E is the CO emissions with transportation of construction materials, construction machine
AT 2
excavated soil, ground-improved soil, and construction wastes;
E is the CO emissions with regeneration treatment of excavated soil.
AR 2
7.2 CO emissions at the operation stage
2
Yearly CO emissions at the operation stage are calculated using Formula (15) as a total of CO emissions
2 2
with pump operation.
EE= (15)
O,,ttOP
Where
-th
E
is the CO emissions at operation stage in the t year;
O,t
2
th
E
is the CO emissions with pump operation in the t year.
OP,t
2
Annex B (informative) is showing the general relative high portion of CO emission at the operation Stage.
2
7.3 CO emissions at the maintenance stage
2
Yearly CO emissions at the maintenance stage are calculated using Formula (16) as a total of CO
2 2
emissions due to leakage, during machine operation for maintenance, production of restoration
materials, and during machine operation for restoration.
EE= + E + E + E (16)
M,t ML,t MM,,ttMP MR,t
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where
-th
E
is the CO emissions at maintenance stage in the t year;
M,t
2
th
E
is the CO emissions with leakage in the t year;
ML,t
2
E is the CO emissions with machine operation for maintenance (inspection, drainage, washing,
MM,t 2
th
etc.) in the t year;
th
E
is the CO emissions with the production of restoration materials in the t year;
MP,t
2
th
E
is the CO emissions with machine operation for restoration work in the t year.
MR,t
2
7.4 CO emissions at end of life stage
2
CO emissions at end of life stage are calculated using Formula (17) as a total of CO emissions with
2 2
machine operation for existing pipeline dismantling, construction waste disposal, transportation of
construction materials and others, and reduction effect with recycling.
E= E++E E− E (17)
E EM EC ET ER
where
E is the CO emissions at end of life stage;
E 2
E is the CO emissions with machine operation for existing pipeline dismantling;
EM 2
E is the CO emissions with construction waste disposal;
EC 2
E is the CO emissions with transportation of construction materials, construction machines,
ET 2
excavated soil, and construction wastes;
E is the reduction effect of CO emissions with recycling of excavated pipes as raw materials.
ER 2
Material recovery is considered to be applicable only to ductile iron pipes.
8 Key drivers for LCC and LCA evaluation
8.1 Reference Service Life (RSL)
8.1.1 General
The reference service life (RSL) of a construction product is the service life which is known to be expected
under a particular set of in-use conditions, and which may form the basis of estimating the service life
under other in-use conditions.
8.1.2 RSL of DI pipeline
RSL of a DI pipeline is dependent on the properties of DI pipes and on the reference in-use conditions. It
takes into account the components of a DI pipeline, that are pipes and fittings material, linings and
coatings, and assembling accessories (rubber gasket, bolts.).
A RSL of 100 years is commonly recognized for a ductile iron pipeline. Such RSL is referring to the
declared in-use conditions stated in 8.1.3.
The expected service life can be forecasted by reducing or increasing the RSL, considering the local
environment features (hydrogeology, operations .), the nature of the pipe coatings, and the nature of the
pipe linings. (see [10], [8], [17])
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8.1.3 In-use conditions
RSL of DI pipe is under the following “set of in-use conditions”, including quantitative and qualitative
data, as recommended in EN 15804.
Table 1 — Technical characteristics of the pipe
Technical characteristics of the pipe in compliance with EN 545
Appropriate code of designing in compliance with EN 805 and
manufacturer’s recommendations
Installation conditions in compliance with EN 545, Annex F and
manufacturer’s recommendations
Buried environment; corrosiveness of in compliance with EN 545, Annex D
soil, with suitable external coatings
Fluid transported: water aggressiveness in compliance with EN 545, Annex E.
with suitable internal linings
Typical Service conditions compliance to service pressure
Maintenance conditions sporadic
8.2 Functional Unit (FU)
8.2.1 General
The functional unit of a construction product is defined as the way in which the identified functions or
performance characteristics of the product are quantified.
8.2.2 FU for DI pipeline:
When using pipes to conduct water, the functional Unit for DI pipeline is defined as: ”Transporting water
in 1m of DI pipeline in a given diameter* with a speed of 1 m/s and service Pressure Ps, during 100 years
(RSL), with the stated service safety conditions.
* Where possible, the hydraulic (functional) diameter should be used considering all aspects that can
influence the water flow throughout the entire pipeline.
...
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