SIST EN ISO 27548:2024
(Main)Additive manufacturing of plastics - Environment, health, and safety - Test method for determination of particle and chemical emission rates from desktop material extrusion 3D printer (ISO 27548:2024)
Additive manufacturing of plastics - Environment, health, and safety - Test method for determination of particle and chemical emission rates from desktop material extrusion 3D printer (ISO 27548:2024)
This document specifies test methods to determine particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) and specified VOCs (including aldehydes) from Material Extrusion(ME) processes often used in non-industrial environments such as school, homes and office spaces in an Emission Test Chamber (ETC) under specified test conditions. However, these tests may not accurately predict real-world results.
This document describes a conditioning method using an ETC with controlled temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air velocity, and procedures for monitoring, storage, analysis, calculation, and reporting of emission rates.
This document is intended to cover a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) type desktop 3D printer using thermoplastic materials. The primary purpose of this document is to quantify particle and chemical emission rates emitted from a specific ME type desktop 3D printer which is operated using thermoplastic feedstocks.
However, not all possible emissions are covered by this method. Many feedstocks could release hazardous emissions that are not measured by the chemical detectors prescribed in this document. It is the responsibility of the user to understand the material being printed and the potential chemical emissions. An example is PVC feedstocks that could potentially emit chlorinated compounds, which would not be measured by this document.
Additive Fertigung von Kunststoffen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Partikelemissionsrate und der chemischen Emissionsrate von materialextrusionsbasierten Desktop-3D-Druckern (ISO 27548:2024)
Dieses Dokument legt Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Partikelemissionen (einschließlich ultrafeiner Partikel) und angegebenen flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (einschließlich Aldehyden) von MEX-TRB/P-Prozessen fest, die häufig in nichtindustriellen Umgebungen wie Schulen, Wohnräumen und Büroräumen verwendet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfverfahren entsprechen unter Umständen jedoch nicht genau den realen Bedingungen.
Dieses Dokument legt ein Konditionierungsverfahren unter Verwendung einer Emissionsprüfkammer mit Regelung von Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, Luftaustauschrate, Luftgeschwindigkeit sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung, Lagerung, Analyse, Berechnung und Angabe von Emissionsraten fest.
Dieses Dokument ist für MEX-TRB/P-Maschinen vorgesehen, die üblicherweise so groß sind, dass sie auf einem Schreibtisch stehen können, und in nichtindustriellen Umgebungen wie Schulen, Wohnräumen und Büroräumen verwendet werden. Der Hauptzweck dieses Dokuments ist die Quantifizierung der Partikel- und chemischen Emissionsraten von MEX-TRB/P-3D-Desktopdruckern.
Dieses Verfahren kann jedoch nicht alle möglichen Emissionen abdecken. Viele Ausgangsmaterialien können gefährliche Emissionen freisetzen, die nicht durch die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen chemischen Detektoren gemessen werden. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders, das extrudierte Material und die möglichen chemischen Emissionen zu verstehen. Ein Beispiel sind Ausgangsmaterialien aus Polyvinylchlorid, die potentiell chlorierte Verbindungen emittieren können, die durch das in diesem Dokument beschriebene Verfahren nicht gemessen werden können.
Fabrication additive de plastiques - Environnement, santé et sécurité - Méthode d'essai pour la détermination des taux d'émission de particules et de produits chimiques des imprimantes 3D de bureau par extrusion de matériau (ISO 27548:2024)
Le présent document spécifie des méthodes d’essai pour déterminer les émissions de particules (y compris les particules ultrafines) et de composés organiques volatils spécifiques (y compris les aldéhydes) par les procédés MEX-TRB/P de bureau souvent employés dans des environnements non industriels, tels que les écoles, les foyers et les espaces de bureau, dans une chambre d’essai d’émission utilisée dans des conditions d’essai spécifiées. Toutefois, ces essais ne prédisent pas nécessairement avec précision les résultats qui seront réellement obtenus.
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de conditionnement utilisant une chambre d’essai d’émission avec une température, une humidité, un taux de renouvellement de l’air et une vitesse de l’air contrôlés, et des modes opératoires pour la surveillance, le stockage, l’analyse, le calcul et la consignation dans un rapport des taux d’émission.
Le présent document concerne les machines MEX-TRB/P de bureau qui sont généralement dimensionnées pour être placées sur un bureau et utilisées dans des lieux non industriels, tels que les écoles, les foyers et les espaces de bureau. Le but principal du présent document est de quantifier les taux d’émission de particules et de produits chimiques des machines MEX-TRB/P de bureau.
Toutefois, toutes les émissions possibles ne sont pas couvertes par cette méthode. De nombreuses matières premières peuvent libérer des émissions dangereuses qui ne sont pas mesurées par les détecteurs chimiques prescrits dans le présent document. Il relève de la responsabilité de l’utilisateur de connaître le matériau extrudé et les émissions chimiques potentielles. À titre d’exemple, le polychlorure de vinyle peut potentiellement émettre des composés chlorés qui ne peuvent pas être mesurés par la méthode décrite dans le présent document.
Aditivna proizvodnja plastičnih izdelkov - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - Preskusna metoda za določanje stopnje emisije delcev in kemikalij iz namiznih 3D tiskalnikov za iztiskanje materiala (ISO 27548:2024)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
01-junij-2023
[Not translated]
Additive manufacturing of plastics - Environment, health, and safety - Test method for
determination of particle and chemical emission rates from desktop material extrusion 3D
printer (ISO/DIS 27548:2023)
Additive Fertigung von Kunststoffen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Prüfverfahren
zur Bestimmung der Partikelemissionsrate und der chemischen Emissionsrate von
materialextrusionsbasierten Desktop-3D-Druckern (ISO/DIS 27548:2023)
Fabrication additive de plastiques - Environnement, santé et sécurité - Méthode d'essai
pour la détermination des taux d'émission de particules et de produits chimiques des
imprimantes 3D de bureau par extrusion de matériau (ISO/DIS 27548:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 27548
ICS:
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 27548
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-05-02 2023-07-25
Additive manufacturing of plastics — Environment, health,
and safety — Test method for determination of particle
and chemical emission rates from desktop material
extrusion 3D printer
ICS: 13.040.30; 25.030; 13.100
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
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NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 27548
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Additive manufacturing of plastics — Environment, health,
and safety — Test method for determination of particle
and chemical emission rates from desktop material
extrusion 3D printer
ICS: 13.040.30; 25.030; 13.100
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
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Reference number
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
ii
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms and symbols .4
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 4
4.2 Symbols . 4
5 Method overview . 5
6 Requirements of the instrument for measurement . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.1.1 Emission test chamber (ETC) . 6
6.1.2 Instruments for chemical analyses . 6
6.1.3 Aerosol instruments . 7
6.2 General requirements of desktop MEX-TRB/P 3D printer and test specimen . 7
6.2.1 Desktop MEX-TRB/P 3D printer . 7
6.2.2 Filament. 7
6.2.3 Test specimen . 7
7 ETC conditions and test procedures . 8
7.1 ETC general conditions . 8
7.2 ETC background concentration . 9
7.3 Preparation of ETC and desktop 3D printer . 9
7.4 Pre-extruding phase . . 9
7.5 Extruding phase . 10
7.6 Post-extruding phase . 10
7.7 Sampling for particles and chemical substances . 10
7.7.1 Particles . 10
7.7.2 Chemical substances . 10
7.8 Measurement process . 11
8 Calculation of emission rate .12
8.1 Calculation of emission rate of particles .12
8.2 Calculation of volatile organic compounds emission rate . 14
9 Test report .15
9.1 Data on test condition and method . 15
9.2 Data on filament and desktop 3D printer . 16
9.3 Description on standard test specimen . 17
9.4 Information about test laboratory . 17
9.5 Results . . 17
Annex A (Normative) Standard operating condition of a desktop 3D printer .19
Annex B (normative) Test specimen .20
Annex C (Informative) Examples of the particle and chemical emission rates .24
Bibliography .27
iii
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, Working
Group WG 6, Environment, health and safety.
iv
oSIST prEN ISO 27548:2023
ISO/DIS 27548:2023(E)
Introduction
Academic communities have been releasing several papers warning that a significant number of
particles and chemical substances emitted from 3D printing would be hazardous to humans when
inhaled and absorbed into the human body.
However, curren
...
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