SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
ISO 11064-5 deals primarily with the display and input of data to monitor and/or operate processes from control centres. It establishes requirements that shall and recommendations that should be matched by displays and controls. Furthermore it gives understanding and to ease access, the design procedure was applied for structuring the text. The following topics are beyond the standard: - the design of equipment like monitors, indicators, meters or input devices neither in hardware nor in software; - the design of digitam or analogue displays; - the design of control actuators...
Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5: Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Diese Internationale Norm legt für Anzeigen, Stellteile und für die Interaktion bei der Gestaltung von Hard und Software in Wartenräumen Anforderungen fest, die erfüllt werden müssen, und gibt Empfehlungen, die befolgt werden sollten.
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes (ISO 11064-5:2008)
L'ISO 11064-5:2008 présente les principes et donne les exigences et les recommandations pour les dispositifs d'affichage, les commandes et leur interaction dans le processus de conception des matériels et des logiciels utilisés dans les salles de commande.
Ergonomsko načrtovanje krmilnih central - 5. del: Prikazovalniki in elementi za krmiljenje (ISO 11064-5:2008)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
01-oktober-2008
(UJRQRPVNRQDþUWRYDQMHNUPLOQLKFHQWUDOGHO 3ULND]RYDOQLNLLQHOHPHQWL]D
NUPLOMHQMH ,62
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5: Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-
5:2008)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et
commandes (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11064-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2008
ICS 13.180
English Version
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and
controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5:
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes (ISO 11064- Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-5:2008)
5:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11064-5:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
EN ISO 11064-5:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
EN ISO 11064-5:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11064-5:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11064-5:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 11064-5:2008 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11064-5
First edition
2008-07-01
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande —
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes
Reference number
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principles. 6
5 Process for display and control specification. 15
5.1 Design process . 15
5.2 Design team and competencies . 15
5.3 Evaluation. 15
5.4 Iteration. 16
5.5 Design process steps. 16
6 Alarms — High-level requirements and recommendations . 17
6.1 General. 18
6.2 Structuring. 18
6.3 Presentation . 19
6.4 Interaction and handling requirements . 20
6.5 Documentation. 20
Annex A (informative) Guidelines. 22
A.1 Overview . 22
A.2 Guidance on presentation of information . 22
A.2.1 General. 22
A.2.2 Defining network boundaries . 24
A.2.3 Determining types and numbers of pages. 24
A.2.4 Developing formats . 26
A.2.5 Design elements . 29
A.2.6 Display devices . 30
A.3 Guidance on “user-interface interaction” .30
A.3.1 General. 30
A.3.2 Network management. 31
A.3.3 Page management . 32
A.3.4 Selecting dialogue types. 32
A.3.5 System response times. 33
A.4 Selecting control devices . 34
A.4.1 General. 34
A.4.2 List of features to be controlled . 35
A.4.3 Selection of control type. 35
A.4.4 Coding of controls. 35
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
A.5 “Soft” controls, overview displays, communications systems and CCTV. 35
A.5.1 Soft controls . 35
A.5.2 Overview displays. 36
A.5.3 Communications systems. 39
A.5.4 CCTV (closed-circuit TV) systems and presentation of pictorial images . 40
A.6 Guidance on alarm systems . 41
A.6.1 General . 41
A.6.2 Scope and objectives . 42
A.6.3 Alarm management process and procedures. 43
A.6.4 How to prioritize . 43
A.6.5 Management of change (MoC). 44
A.6.6 Roles and responsibilities. 44
A.6.7 Alarm system performance metrics and targets . 45
A.6.8 Monitoring and continuous improvement . 46
Bibliography . 47
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11064-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
ISO 11064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic design of control centres:
⎯ Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
⎯ Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites
⎯ Part 3: Control room layout
⎯ Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations
⎯ Part 5: Displays and controls
⎯ Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres
⎯ Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 11064 presents principles and processes to be adopted when designing the human-system
interface of a control centre. These interface considerations are relevant for operators, supervisors and
maintainers of systems. It is intended for use by individuals such as project managers, purchasers, systems
designers, specifiers and those developing operator interfaces.
The purpose of this part of ISO 11064 is to maximize the safe, reliable, efficient and comfortable use of
displays and controls in control centre applications. To this end, rules and recommendations based upon
ergonomic findings are established for
⎯ selecting the appropriate display and control types,
⎯ structuring and presenting information on screens and shared off-workstation displays, and
⎯ establishing control and dialogue procedures.
This part of ISO 11064 focuses on the main principles for the selection, design and implementation of controls,
displays and human-system interactions for control room operation and supervision. The wide range of control
and displays used in control rooms and the fast changes in technology make it impracticable to provide
requirements meeting all situations. The approach adopted here is to identify general principles of good
practice that will need to be supported by information accessed from human factors publications and other
ergonomics standards.
The use of displays and controls in control centres differs from that typically found in offices and other
non-control situations. Control centre activities are characterized by:
⎯ being driven by externally controlled events occurring within the process;
⎯ requiring an appropriate human response in real time — human reactions that are inadequate or too late
can cause environmental damage, serious personal injury (e.g. safety-critical situations), equipment
damage, lost production, decreased output quality or pollution of the environment;
⎯ controlling the dynamic behaviours of high-energy or hazardous physical and chemical processes;
⎯ involving information derived from a variety of sources;
⎯ including the monitoring of many complex process variables typically presented via multiple parallel visual
and auditory devices;
⎯ involving team work with resources both within and outside the control room.
For these reasons, the standards required in a control environment can need to be more stringent than those
of the typical office environment (i.e. as covered by ISO 9241).
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
This part ISO 11064 defines principles and specifies requirements to be applied when determining the most
appropriate displays and controls for control room functions. Thus, the application of this part of ISO 11064
ought to be of benefit to operators, operating companies, equipment purchasers, interface designers,
manufacturers and engineering firms as outlined below.
⎯ Operators and operating companies
Communication between operators and equipment will be more uniform across plants to which the
standard is applied. This can reduce training burdens and facilitate job rotations. Operator stress, and
situation-induced operator errors, can be reduced, thus improving operator efficiency and job satisfaction.
⎯ Purchasers of equipment
The buyer has standard criteria to use in judging and selecting any man-machine interface under
consideration and the material can be included in procurement requirements. Tighter control of
procurement offers project managers a reduction of risk.
⎯ Manufacturers of displays and controls
This part of ISO 11064 provides an agreed baseline from which manufacturers can develop and/or offer
products.
⎯ Engineering firms
Engineering firms or departments can reference a common set of guidelines and principles in the
selection and application of displays and controls to fit their particular needs. This part of ISO 11064 also
offers engineers and product developers advice in the design of displays and controls.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved vii
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — Many of the topics covered by this part of ISO 11064 relate to
safety-critical matters. It may be advisable to seek professional advice in the interpretation of
requirements and the selection of appropriate solutions.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11064 presents principles and gives requirements and recommendations for displays,
controls, and their interaction, in the design of control-centre hardware and software.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9241-12, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 12:
Presentation of information
ISO 11064-1, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
ISO 11064-7, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres
ISO 13407, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alarm
high priority alert used to attract the operator’s attention to important deviations or abnormal events in system
operation
3.2
alert
method by which operators are notified of system events requiring a reaction or response
3.3
analogue display
display in which the status information is shown as a function of length, angle or other dimension
NOTE 1 In the case of visual displays, the information may be shown as a function of pointer deflection, length of a bar
graph, or similar visual quantity.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9355-2:1999, definition 3.8.
EXAMPLE A physical variable (e.g. temperature) is represented by a bar. Its length corresponds to the current value
of the variable.
3.4
brightness
attribute of visual sensation associated with the amount of light emitted from a given area
NOTE It is the subjective correlate of luminance. See ISO/CIE 8995-1.
3.5
code
technique for representing information by a system of alphanumeric characters, graphical symbols or visual
techniques (e.g. font, colour or highlighting)
[ISO 9241-12]
3.6
coding
procedure within the design process by which categories of information are allocated to elements of a code
alphabet
NOTE These categories of information include the operation modes of machines (i.e. ON, OFF, standby, in alarm)
and the kinds of media within the pipes or vessels of a plant.
EXAMPLE Alphabet, shape, colour or size.
3.7
control, verb
purposeful action to affect an intended change in the system or equipment
EXAMPLE Adjusting set-point, changing the operation mode from ON to OFF.
3.8
control, noun
device that directly responds to an action of the operator, e.g. by the operator applying pressure
NOTE See also process control (3.25).
EXAMPLE Push button, mouse, track ball.
3.9
control room
core functional entity, and its associated physical structure, where control room operators are stationed to
carry out centralized control, monitoring and administrative responsibilities
[ISO 11064-3]
3.10
control room operator
individual whose primary duties relate to the conduct of monitoring and control functions, usually at a control
workstation, either on their own or in conjunction with other personnel both within the control room or outside
[ISO 11064-3]
3.11
control workstation
single or multiple working position, including all equipment such as computers and communication terminals
and furniture at which control and monitoring functions are conducted
[ISO 11064-3]
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.12
data
raw material from which a user extracts information
NOTE “Data” can include numbers, words and/or pictures, such as a view out of a window.
3.13
digital display
display in which the information is shown in numerical code
[EN 894-2]
3.14
display
device for presenting information that can change with the aim of making things visible, audible or
discriminable by tactile or proprioceptive perception
[ISO 11064-3]
NOTE See also Figure 1.
3.15
element
basic component used to make up formats such as abbreviations, labels, items, symbols, coding and
highlighting
[14]
NOTE 1 Based on NUREG-0700 .
NOTE 2 See also Figure 1.
3.16
event
any spontaneous transition from one discrete status to another
NOTE If the initial status is not displayed (i.e. it is normal), an event will be perceived as the occurrence of a defined
change of status. (“Occurrence” is here synonymous with a transition from one discrete status to another and “status” can
relate to either normal or abnormal conditions.)
3.17
format
pictorial display of information on visual display units (VDU) such as message text, digital presentation,
symbols, mimics, bar chart, trend graphics, pointers, multi-angular presentation
[IEC 60964]
NOTE For the purposes of ISO 11064, this term also covers auditory displays.
3.18
human-system interface
HIS
human-machine interface
HMI
all matters and procedures of a machine (or system) available for interaction with its (human) users
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.19
information
anything which is not known by a person in advance
NOTE 1 Information is extracted from data (3.12).
NOTE 2 Knowledge is required to interpret information.
NOTE 3 One example of another definition of information is “commodity that reduces the uncertainty”. The definition
used for the purposes of this part of ISO 11064 is essential for allocating the appropriate importance or quality value to
display elements.
3.20
interaction
dialogue
exchange of information between a user and a system via the human-system interface to achieve the
intended goal
3.21
mimic
mimic display
mimic diagram
simplified graphical depiction of a system by presenting its components and their interrelationships
EXAMPLE Piping diagram, rail network or road network.
3.22
monitoring
activity for the purpose of detecting deviations from normal operation (by checking variables, or their course
against limits, trends or the values of other variables) to enable timely and appropriate action for response
NOTE Monitoring of the process is performed either by a human being and/or by a control system.
3.23
overview display
high-level abstraction, or low level of detail, of the system status, covering the areas of responsibility
NOTE An overview display supports control room personnel in obtaining an overall view of systems status by
bringing to their attention significant changes in system conditions and presenting those that are important.
3.24
page
defined set of information that is intended to be displayed on a single display screen
[14]
NOTE 1 Based on NUREG-0700 .
NOTE 2 A window may form an entire page where it fills a single display screen. See Figure 1.
3.25
process control
monitoring and manipulation of variables influencing the behaviour of a process to conform to specified
objectives
NOTE 1 Operators use displays and controls in executing their activities of monitoring, control, and system
management.
NOTE 2 Process control is accomplished by regulation or manipulation of variables influencing the conduct of a
[15]
process in such a way as to obtain a product of desired quality and quantity in an efficient manner .
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.26
status
state
distinct condition of an object
NOTE The object can be a system, a process unit, a machine, etc. Conditions can be operation modes — either
normal (e.g. “on”, “closed”, “standby”) or abnormal (e.g. “disturbed”). They may be determined by checking values of
variables against limits (e.g. “too high” or “high alarm”).
3.27
symbol
letters, digits, pictorial representations or combinations of these, used for labelling a display's graduations, or
as a means of identifying the display itself
3.28
task
human activities required to achieve a goal
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.9.
NOTE 2 The task is accomplished by means of (several) jobs. The goal is specifie
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 11064-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 13.180; 25.040.40
English Version
Ergonomic design of control centres -- Part 5: Displays and
controls (ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande -
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes (ISO/DIS
11064-5:2006)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 122.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 11064-5:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
prEN ISO 11064-5:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 11064-5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
159 "Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006 has been approved by CEN as prEN ISO 11064-5:2006
without any modifications.
2
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11064-5
ISO/TC 159/SC 4 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2006-10-05 2007-03-05
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande —
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes
ICS 13.180
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2006
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ISO/DIS 11064-5
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative References .1
3 Definitions.2
4 Principles .6
5 Process for Display & Control Specification .15
5.1 General considerations .15
5.2 Design process steps.16
6 Alarms - High-Level Requirements & Recommendations .18
6.1 General Requirements.18
6.2 Structuring requirements.19
6.3 Presentation Requirements .20
6.4 Interaction & Handling Requirements.21
6.5 Documentation Requirements.21
Annex A (informative) Guidelines .23
Bibliography .49
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 11064 may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11064-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
ISO 11064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic design of control centres:
Part 1: Principle for the design of control centres
Part 2: Principles of control suite arrangement
Part 3: Control room layout
Part 4: Workstation layout and dimensions
Part 5: Displays and controls
Part 6: Environmental requirements for control rooms
Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres
Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 11064 are for information only.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
Introduction
This Part presents principles and processes to be adopted when designing the human system
interface. These interface considerations are relevant for operators, supervisors and maintainers of
systems. This Part of ISO 11064 is intended for use by such individuals as project managers,
purchasers, systems designers & specifiers and those developing operator interfaces.
The purpose of Part 5 is to maximize the safe, reliable, efficient, and comfortable use of displays and
controls in control centre applications. For this reason, rules and recommendations based upon
ergonomic findings are established for:
selection of the appropriate display and control types
structuring and presentation of information on screens and shared off-workstation displays.
establishing control and dialogue procedures
This standard focuses on the main principles for the selection, design and implementation of controls,
displays and human system interactions for operation and supervision. The wide range of application
of control and displays in control rooms, and the fast changes in technology, make it impracticable to
provide requirements meeting all situations. The approach adopted by this standard has been to
identify general principles of good practice that should be supported by information accessed from
human factors publications and other ergonomics standards.
The usage of displays and controls in Control Centres differs from that typically found in offices and
other non-control situations. Control Centre activities are characterised by:
being driven by externally controlled events occurring within the process,
requiring an appropriate human response in real time. (human reactions that are inadequate or
too late may cause environmental damage, serious personal injury (e.g., safety critical situations),
equipment damage, lost production, decreased output quality or pollution of the environment)
controlling the dynamic behaviours of high energy or hazardous physical and chemical processes.
involving information derived from a variety of sources
including the monitoring of many complex process variables typically presented via multiple
parallel visual and auditory devices
involving team-work with resources both within and outside the control room.
For these reasons, the standards required in a control environment may have to be more stringent
than those in the typical office environment (i.e., ISO 9241). This Part 5 of ISO 11064 defines
principles and specifies requirements on the proper application of process related displays and
controls for the undertaking of control room functions.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
The application of this standard should be to the benefit to operators and operating companies,
equipment buyers, interface designers, manufacturers of displays and controls, and engineering firms.
In summary these benefits include:
to operators and operating companies
Communication between operators and equipment will be more uniform across plants to which
this standard is applied. This may reduce training burdens and facilitate job rotations. Operator
stress, and situation-induced operator errors, may be reduced thus improving operator efficiency
and job satisfaction.
to the buyer of equipment
The buyer has standard criteria to use in judging and selecting any man-machine interface under
consideration and the material can be included in procurement requirements. Tighter control of
procurement offers a reduction of risk to project managers.
to manufacturers of displays and controls
The standard provides an agreed baseline from which manufacturers can develop and/or offer
products.
to engineering firms
Engineering firms or departments can reference a common set of guidelines and principles in the
selection and application of displays and controls to fit their particular needs. Part 5 also offers
engineers and product developers advice in the design of displays and controls.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes requirements that shall, and recommendations that should, be
met by displays, controls and interaction in the design of control room hardware and software.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of ISO 11064-5. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject
to revision, and parties to agreements based on ISO 11064-5 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
ISO 7000: Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis
ISO 8995: Principles of visual ergonomics — The lighting of indoor work systems
ISO 9241: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDT’s)
Part 3: Visual Display Requirements
Part 12: Ergonomic requirements for the presentation of information
These are ‘generic’ Parts (i.e. not influenced by differences in task, organisation or environment in
control rooms or offices respectively) and therefore also applicable to control centres. The
following Parts are not applicable in their entirety but contain some requirements of relevance to
control rooms:
Part 4: Keyboard requirements
Part 9: Non-keyboard input devices
Part 10: Dialogue principles
Part 11: Guidance on usability
ISO 9355: (identical EN 894): Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control actuators
Part 2: Displays
Part 3: Control actuators
Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators
ISO/FDIS 14915, Parts 1-3: Software Ergonomics for Multi-media User Interfaces.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this part of the International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
alarm
alarms are high priority alerts used to attract the operator’s attention to important deviations or
abnormal events in system operation
3.2
alert
an alert is the method by which operators are notified of system events requiring a reaction or
response
3.3
analogue display
display in which the status information is shown as a function of length, angle or other dimension. In
the case of visual displays, the information may be shown as a function of pointer deflection, length of
a bar graph, or similar visual quantity. (ISO 9355-2)
EXAMPLE A physical variable (e.g., temperature) is represented by a bar. Its length corresponds to
the current value of the variable.
3.4
brightness
attribute of visual sensation associated with the amount of light emitted from a given area. It is the
subjective correlate of luminance, ISO 8995
3.5
code
technique for representing information by a system of alphanumeric characters, graphical symbols or
visual techniques (e.g. font, colour or highlighting) ISO 9241-12
3.6
coding
procedure within the design process by which categories of information are allocated to elements of a
code alphabet
NOTE Examples for categories of information are:
- Operation modes of machines (i.e. ON, OFF, standby, in alarm).
- Kinds of media within the pipes or vessels of a plant.
Examples of codes include alphabets, shape, colour and size.
3.7
control
a) purposeful action to affect an intended change in the system or equipment. (see also “process
control
EXAMPLE Adjusting set-point, changing the operation mode from ON to OFF.
b) Device that directly responds to an action of the operator, e.g. by the operator applying pressure.
EXAMPLE Push buttons, mice, track balls.
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3.8
control room operator
an individual whose primary duties relate to the conduct of monitoring and control functions, usually at
a control workstation, either on their own or in conjunction with other personnel both within the control
room or outside, (11064–3)
3.9
control workstation
a single or multiple working position, including all equipment such as computers and communication
terminals and furniture at which control and monitoring functions are conducted, ISO 11064-3
3.10
data
the raw material from which a user extracts information
NOTE ‘data’ may include numbers, words and/or pictures – such as a view out of a window.
3.11
digital display
display in which the information is shown in numerical code (EN 894-2)
3.12
display
device for presenting information that can change with the aim of making things visible, audible or
discriminable by tactile or proprioceptive perception (ISO 11064-3, also see Figure 1)
3.13
element
the basic component used to make up formats such as abbreviations, labels, items, symbols, coding
and highlighting (Based on Nureg 0700, also see Figure 1)
3.14
event
any spontaneous Transition from one discrete status to another
NOTE 1 if the initial status is not displayed (i.e. it is normal) an event will be perceived as the occurrence of a
defined change of status.
NOTE 2 “Occurrence” is synonymous with “transition from one discrete status to an other”.
NOTE 3 “Status” can be either normal or abnormal conditions.
3.15
format
a pictorial display of information on visual display units (VDU) such as message text, digital
presentation, symbols, mimics, bar-chart, trend graphics, pointers, multi-angular presentation.
(IEC 964)
(NOTE for the purposes of ISO 11064 it is assumed that this term also covers auditory displays).
3.16
human-System-Interface (HSI), or Human-Machine interface (HMI)
all matters and procedures of a machine (or system) available for interaction with its (human) users
3.17
information
anything which is not known by a person in advance (i.e. what is new to the operator)
NOTE 1 Information is extracted from data.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
NOTE 2 Knowledge is required to interpret information.
NOTE 3 There are several definitions for information, e.g.,” Commodity that reduces the uncertainty“. The
definition chosen here is essential for allocating the appropriate importance or quality value to display elements.
3.18
interaction
exchange of information between a user and a system via the Human-system-interface (HSI) to
achieve the intended goal
NOTE “Dialogue” is often used as a synonym.
3.19
interface
see Human-System-Interface
3.20
mimics, mimic display, mimic diagram
simplified graphical depiction of a system by presenting its components and their interrelationships
EXAMPLES Piping diagrams, rail networks, road networks.
3.21
monitoring
activity for the purpose of detecting deviations from normal operation (by checking variables, or their
course against limits, trends or the values of other variables) in order to enable timely and appropriate
action for response
NOTE Monitoring of the process is performed either by a human being and/or by a control (e.g., a SCADA)
system.
3.22
overview display
high level abstraction, or low level of detail, of the of the system status covering the areas of
responsibility
NOTE An overview display supports control room personnel in obtaining an overall view of systems status
by bringing to their attention significant changes in system conditions and presenting those that are important.
3.23
page
a defined set of information that is intended to be displayed on a single display screen (Based on
Nureg 0700)
NOTE A window may form an entire page where it fills a single display screen, see Figure 1.
3.24
process control
monitoring and manipulation of variables influencing the behaviour of a process in order to meet
specified objectives
NOTE 1 Operators use displays and controls in executing their activities of monitoring, control, and system
management.
NOTE 2 Process control is accomplished by regulation or manipulation of variables influencing the conduct of
a process in such a way as to obtain a product of desired quality and quantity in an efficient manner, ISA S 51.1
(1979).
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
3.25
status, state
distinct condition of an object
NOTE The “object” can be a system, a process unit, a machine etc. Conditions can be operation modes
either normal (e.g. ‘on’, ‘closed’, ‘standby’) or abnormal (e.g. ‘disturbed’). They may be determined by checking
values of variables against limits (e.g. “to high” or High-Alarm).
3.26
symbol
letters, digits, pictorial representations, or combinations of these, used for labeling a display's
graduations, or as a means of identifying the display itself (DIN Directory)
3.27
task
human activities required to achieve a goal, ISO 9241-11
NOTE The task is accomplished by means of (several) jobs. The goal is specified by the organisation for the
human-machine system. Example of a task is “process control” which pursues the goal of safe and economic
operation of e.g. production plants or passenger safety for a transportation system.
3.28
visual display
display (in the sense of “format“) providing visual presentation of data, mappings or videos
NOTE Visual displays are classified according to the presentation mode of single data (analogue, binary,
digital, hybrid) of a single datum. Complex data may be presented in graphic or alphanumeric dimension
presented (2D, 3D) relation between time of view and time presented ("predictive“ or "quickened“ display).
3.29
window
independently controllable area on the display screen used to present objects and/or conduct a
dialogue with the user (9241-16)
The relationship between some of the terms is presented in Figure 1 below.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
1
2
3
4
5
6
Figure 1 — Illustration of the Terms ‘Display’, ‘Display Screen’, ‘Page’, ‘Window’, ‘Format’ &
‘Elements’
4 Principles
Principles for the ergonomic design of human-system interfaces, presented in the following tables, are
intended for use in systems design, display design and interaction (or dialogue) design. These
principles are grouped into three categories:
General (Principles 1 – 8)
Display Related (Principles 9 – 14)
Control & Interaction Related (Principles 15 – 21)
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Table 1 — General principles
List of Principles Examples of Key Questions to be Used for Verification Verification
1: System Has the requirement to ensure that the operators are always within the control
Authority. loop been fully addressed except for when functions are completely allocated
The human to the machine?
operator shall at all
Are all control functions, required to cope with each situation, available to the
times be the highest
operator within a reasonable time?
authority in the
human-machine-
Have all the situations where systems might fail been considered?
1
system
Does the system ‘patronise’ the operator?
a) Does the system act without operator’s initiative thus hampering
him/her in finishing or continuing a task, (e.g., pre-empting him/her by
changing the displayed format automatically)?
b) Is the operator restricted from using the system according to his/her
wishes?
c) Are reasonable and feasible operator inputs rejected?
d) Are inputs changed by the system without further inquiry?
Is the system interruptible within 2 s by operator inputs, even when busy?
Can automated functions, that have no effect on the controlled process, be
stopped (e.g., in a chemical plant complex calculations for simulation or
forecast).
Can those functions, that have no influence to the production plant, be
undone?
Can the operator interact with the system, e.g., close or open windows at any
time?
2: Information Has both under-load and overload been considered both during normal and
Requirements.
abnormal operations?
2
Does the operator get the information required to accomplish his task in a
The operators at
timely and satisfactory way?
the human-system
interface shall be
Has appropriate information been provided for the operator to maintain
provided with all the
situational awareness?
information they
need to accomplish
Does the operator have a permanent overview of the current status of the
their tasks.
system they are responsible for?
Are any elements of the overview display obscured by windows?
Does the operator get sufficient & timely information to focus on any problem
which may arise?
Is all the information presented relevant to the task?
Is the required exchange of information during shift changes minimised by the
system?
1 Exception: No opportunity shall be offered to override safety critical systems. E.g. if the pressure in a pipe drops beyond a
certain threshold, which indicates a leak in the pipe, the valve is closed by the safety system. The operator will not be allowed
to override the safety system.
2 The main focus are control room operators.
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ISO/DIS 11064-5:2006
List of Principles Examples of Key Questions to be Used for Verification Verification
Do the attention-getting measures match the urgency of the required
response?
Are events requiring the operators’ urgent response also announced by an
audible signal?
Are the different levels of attention-getting easily distinguishable?
Does this interface design avoid obstruction of important information, e.g.,
safety related information?
Has all the information required to complete a particular task been presented
on
...
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