SIST ISO 2846-1:2018
Graphic technology - Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing - Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
Graphic technology - Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing - Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
ISO 2846-1:2017 specifies the colour and transparency characteristics that are to be met by each ink in a process colour ink set intended for proof and production printing using offset lithography. The specified printing conditions (which use a laboratory printability tester), the defined substrate and a method for testing to ensure conformance are also defined. Characteristics are specified for inks used for sheet-fed, heat-set web and radiation-curing processes.
ISO 2846-1:2017 does not apply to fluorescent inks and it does not specify pigments (or spectral characteristics ? except informatively) in order not to preclude developments which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric requirements specified in this document.
Technologie graphique - Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en quadrichromie - Partie 1: Impression lithographique offset sur feuilles et à chaud
Grafična tehnologija - Barvni učinki in prozornost sklanih (procesnih) tiskarskih barv - 1. del: Ofsetni tisk na pole in ofsetni tisk na rotacijah z vročim sušenjem (heat-set)
V tem dokumentu so podane barvne in prosojne lastnosti, ki jih mora izpolnjevati vsako črnilo v sklanih (procesnih) barvah za preskusno in proizvodno tiskanje na podlagi ofsetne litografije. Opredeljeni so tudi določeni pogoji tiskanja (uporaba preskuševalnika za laboratorijsko natisljivost), določen substrat in preskusna metoda za zagotavljanje skladnosti. Lastnosti so opredeljene za črnila, ki se uporabljajo za procese tiskanja na pole, na rotacijah z vročim sušenjem in obdelave s sevanjem.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za fluorescentna črnila in ne določa pigmentov (ali spektralnih
lastnosti – razen informativno), da ne bi bil izključen razvoj, ki bi omogočal koristno uporabo različnih kombinacij pigmentov in hkrati izpolnjeval kolorimetrične zahteve, opredeljene v tem dokumentu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 2846-1:2008
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD%DUYQLXþLQNLLQSUR]RUQRVWVNODQLK SURFHVQLK WLVNDUVNLK
EDUYGHO 2IVHWQLWLVNQDSROHLQRIVHWQLWLVNQDURWDFLMDK]YURþLPVXãHQMHP
KHDWVHW
Graphic technology - Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing
- Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
Technologie graphique - Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en
quadrichromie - Partie 1: Impression lithographique offset sur feuilles et à chaud
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2846-1:2017
ICS:
37.100.01 *UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMDQD Graphic technology in
VSORãQR general
87.080 Barvila. Tiskarske barve Inks. Printing inks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-1
Third edition
2017-08
Graphic technology — Colour and
transparency of printing ink sets for
four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset
lithographic printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes
d’encre d’impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 1: Impression lithographique offset sur feuilles et à bobines
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test method . 2
4.1 Procedure . 2
4.2 Test print preparation . 3
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation. 3
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation . 3
4.2.3 Drying of test prints . 3
4.3 Colour measurement procedures . 3
5 Requirements for colour, transparency and ink film thickness range .4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Colorimetric values . 4
5.3 Transparency characteristics . 4
5.4 Ink film thickness . 5
Annex A (normative) Reference substrate . 6
Annex B (informative) Extended explanation of the test procedures, including examples .8
Annex C (informative) Spectral data .12
Annex D (informative) Tristimulus values for 8°:di geometry and illuminant D65 .15
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2846-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main change compared to the previous edition is as follows:
— Annex A has been revised in order to replace the reference substrate and references to other ISO
standards have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 2846 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document defines the colour and transparency of lithographic printing inks. Different sets of inks
(both for proof and production printing) conforming to this document will produce a similar colour
when printed on the same substrate at the appropriate film thickness. This enables colour separations
for offset-lithographic printing to be based on known colour references and simplifies the task of
consistently printing the same images in multiple printing sites.
It should be noted that the colorimetric characteristics specified can only be obtained when the inks
are printed on the reference substrate. However, the similarity of two inks on a reference substrate
generally ensures similarity on another substrate, and it is this similarity that has enabled the
[1]
development of industry specifications or standards such as ISO 12647-2 , which specifies the colour
of these inks on other substrates.
The APCO II/II reference substrate, used for many years, is no longer available and has been replaced by
a new developed reference substrate, C2846, with properties which are for the purpose of this document
similar to the old substrate. Where the new substrate is used for other purposes than specified in this
document, new references may have to be determined.
The colour specified in the previous edition of this document was based on extensive measurements of
commercial ink sets made in Europe, Japan and the USA. A working group of ISO/TC 130 process control
and material experts examined data sets from various countries at the time that edition was prepared
and found that a single set of colour coordinates could adequately represent all three proposals within
reasonable tolerances. In addition, they found that the transparency of various inks could also be
adequately represented by a new method of evaluation. A review undertaken prior to the revision
of this edition suggested that there had been little change in the colour and transparency of the inks
commercially available and that the characteristics specified in this document could be reconfirmed.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-1:2017(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing
ink sets for four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
1 Scope
This document specifies the colour and transparency characteristics that are to be met by each ink
in a process colour ink set intended for proof and production printing using offset lithography. The
specified printing conditions (which use a laboratory printability tester), the defined substrate and a
method for testing to ensure conformance are also defined. Characteristics are specified for inks used
for sheet-fed, heat-set web and radiation-curing processes.
This document does not apply to fluorescent inks and it does not specify pigments (or spectral
characteristics — except informatively) in order not to preclude developments which may enable
different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric
requirements specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 535, Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method
ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 2144, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C
ISO 2834-1, Graphic technology — Laboratory preparation of test prints — Part 1: Paste inks
ISO 6588-1, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 1: Cold extraction
ISO 8254-1, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method
ISO 8791-4, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4:
Print-surf method
ISO 13655:2009, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic
arts images
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
0°:45° or 45°:0°
measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer in conformance with ISO 13655 geometry 0°:45° or 45°:0°
3.2
8°:di or di:8°
hemispherical diffuse geometry, specular component included, with either 8° incidence (influx) (8°:di)
or 8° exitance (efflux) (di:8°)
Note 1 to entry: The measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer not in conformance with ISO 13655.
3.3
ink
printing ink
composite material containing colorants, functional components, vehicle and additives
Note 1 to entry: In most cases, applied as a fluid to a substrate by a printing process and setting or drying by
either physical (evaporation) and/or chemical (polymerizations, e.g. oxidation, radiation induced, or other)
processes to form an image for decorative, informative or technical purposes.
3.4
standard ink
process ink
ink (3.3) intended f
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-1
Third edition
2017-08
Graphic technology — Colour and
transparency of printing ink sets for
four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset
lithographic printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes
d’encre d’impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 1: Impression lithographique offset sur feuilles et à bobines
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test method . 2
4.1 Procedure . 2
4.2 Test print preparation . 3
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation. 3
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation . 3
4.2.3 Drying of test prints . 3
4.3 Colour measurement procedures . 3
5 Requirements for colour, transparency and ink film thickness range .4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Colorimetric values . 4
5.3 Transparency characteristics . 4
5.4 Ink film thickness . 5
Annex A (normative) Reference substrate . 6
Annex B (informative) Extended explanation of the test procedures, including examples .8
Annex C (informative) Spectral data .12
Annex D (informative) Tristimulus values for 8°:di geometry and illuminant D65 .15
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2846-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main change compared to the previous edition is as follows:
— Annex A has been revised in order to replace the reference substrate and references to other ISO
standards have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 2846 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document defines the colour and transparency of lithographic printing inks. Different sets of inks
(both for proof and production printing) conforming to this document will produce a similar colour
when printed on the same substrate at the appropriate film thickness. This enables colour separations
for offset-lithographic printing to be based on known colour references and simplifies the task of
consistently printing the same images in multiple printing sites.
It should be noted that the colorimetric characteristics specified can only be obtained when the inks
are printed on the reference substrate. However, the similarity of two inks on a reference substrate
generally ensures similarity on another substrate, and it is this similarity that has enabled the
[1]
development of industry specifications or standards such as ISO 12647-2 , which specifies the colour
of these inks on other substrates.
The APCO II/II reference substrate, used for many years, is no longer available and has been replaced by
a new developed reference substrate, C2846, with properties which are for the purpose of this document
similar to the old substrate. Where the new substrate is used for other purposes than specified in this
document, new references may have to be determined.
The colour specified in the previous edition of this document was based on extensive measurements of
commercial ink sets made in Europe, Japan and the USA. A working group of ISO/TC 130 process control
and material experts examined data sets from various countries at the time that edition was prepared
and found that a single set of colour coordinates could adequately represent all three proposals within
reasonable tolerances. In addition, they found that the transparency of various inks could also be
adequately represented by a new method of evaluation. A review undertaken prior to the revision
of this edition suggested that there had been little change in the colour and transparency of the inks
commercially available and that the characteristics specified in this document could be reconfirmed.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-1:2017(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing
ink sets for four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
1 Scope
This document specifies the colour and transparency characteristics that are to be met by each ink
in a process colour ink set intended for proof and production printing using offset lithography. The
specified printing conditions (which use a laboratory printability tester), the defined substrate and a
method for testing to ensure conformance are also defined. Characteristics are specified for inks used
for sheet-fed, heat-set web and radiation-curing processes.
This document does not apply to fluorescent inks and it does not specify pigments (or spectral
characteristics — except informatively) in order not to preclude developments which may enable
different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric
requirements specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 535, Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method
ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 2144, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C
ISO 2834-1, Graphic technology — Laboratory preparation of test prints — Part 1: Paste inks
ISO 6588-1, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 1: Cold extraction
ISO 8254-1, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method
ISO 8791-4, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4:
Print-surf method
ISO 13655:2009, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic
arts images
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
0°:45° or 45°:0°
measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer in conformance with ISO 13655 geometry 0°:45° or 45°:0°
3.2
8°:di or di:8°
hemispherical diffuse geometry, specular component included, with either 8° incidence (influx) (8°:di)
or 8° exitance (efflux) (di:8°)
Note 1 to entry: The measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer not in conformance with ISO 13655.
3.3
ink
printing ink
composite material containing colorants, functional components, vehicle and additives
Note 1 to entry: In most cases, applied as a fluid to a substrate by a printing process and setting or drying by
either physical (evaporation) and/or chemical (polymerizations, e.g. oxidation, radiation induced, or other)
processes to form an image for decorative, informative or technical purposes.
3.4
standard ink
process ink
ink (3.3) intended for four-colour printing which, when printed on the reference substrate and within the
applicable range of ink film thicknesses, complies to the colorimetric and transparency specifications
of this document
3.5
transparency
ability of an ink (3.3) film to transmit light
Note 1 to entry: It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
3.6
transparency value
T
reciprocal of the slope of the regression line between ink (3.3) film thickness and colour difference for
overprints of chromatic inks over black substrate
4 Test method
4.1 Procedure
Colorimetric conformance shall be verified by printing each ink on the reference substrate, described
in Annex A, at a range of ink film thicknesses. The colours of the resultant test prints shall be measured
and the colour difference determined between the sample and the pertinent value given in Table 1. If at
least one of these samples has a smaller colour difference than that specified in 5.2, the ink conforms
colorimetrically to this document.
NOTE It is often more convenient to determine the colorimetric conformance of an ink graphically. This
is achieved by calculating the colour difference (ΔE* ) from the values in Table 1 for each of the prints made
ab
and plotting this against the ink film thickne
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-1
Third edition
2017-08
Graphic technology — Colour and
transparency of printing ink sets for
four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset
lithographic printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes
d’encre d’impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 1: Impression lithographique offset sur feuilles et à bobines
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test method . 2
4.1 Procedure . 2
4.2 Test print preparation . 3
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation. 3
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation . 3
4.2.3 Drying of test prints . 3
4.3 Colour measurement procedures . 3
5 Requirements for colour, transparency and ink film thickness range .4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Colorimetric values . 4
5.3 Transparency characteristics . 4
5.4 Ink film thickness . 5
Annex A (normative) Reference substrate . 6
Annex B (informative) Extended explanation of the test procedures, including examples .8
Annex C (informative) Spectral data .12
Annex D (informative) Tristimulus values for 8°:di geometry and illuminant D65 .15
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2846-1:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main change compared to the previous edition is as follows:
— Annex A has been revised in order to replace the reference substrate and references to other ISO
standards have been updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 2846 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document defines the colour and transparency of lithographic printing inks. Different sets of inks
(both for proof and production printing) conforming to this document will produce a similar colour
when printed on the same substrate at the appropriate film thickness. This enables colour separations
for offset-lithographic printing to be based on known colour references and simplifies the task of
consistently printing the same images in multiple printing sites.
It should be noted that the colorimetric characteristics specified can only be obtained when the inks
are printed on the reference substrate. However, the similarity of two inks on a reference substrate
generally ensures similarity on another substrate, and it is this similarity that has enabled the
[1]
development of industry specifications or standards such as ISO 12647-2 , which specifies the colour
of these inks on other substrates.
The APCO II/II reference substrate, used for many years, is no longer available and has been replaced by
a new developed reference substrate, C2846, with properties which are for the purpose of this document
similar to the old substrate. Where the new substrate is used for other purposes than specified in this
document, new references may have to be determined.
The colour specified in the previous edition of this document was based on extensive measurements of
commercial ink sets made in Europe, Japan and the USA. A working group of ISO/TC 130 process control
and material experts examined data sets from various countries at the time that edition was prepared
and found that a single set of colour coordinates could adequately represent all three proposals within
reasonable tolerances. In addition, they found that the transparency of various inks could also be
adequately represented by a new method of evaluation. A review undertaken prior to the revision
of this edition suggested that there had been little change in the colour and transparency of the inks
commercially available and that the characteristics specified in this document could be reconfirmed.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-1:2017(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing
ink sets for four-colour printing —
Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
1 Scope
This document specifies the colour and transparency characteristics that are to be met by each ink
in a process colour ink set intended for proof and production printing using offset lithography. The
specified printing conditions (which use a laboratory printability tester), the defined substrate and a
method for testing to ensure conformance are also defined. Characteristics are specified for inks used
for sheet-fed, heat-set web and radiation-curing processes.
This document does not apply to fluorescent inks and it does not specify pigments (or spectral
characteristics — except informatively) in order not to preclude developments which may enable
different pigment combinations to be used advantageously while still achieving the colorimetric
requirements specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 535, Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method
ISO 536, Paper and board — Determination of grammage
ISO 2144, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 °C
ISO 2834-1, Graphic technology — Laboratory preparation of test prints — Part 1: Paste inks
ISO 6588-1, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 1: Cold extraction
ISO 8254-1, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method
ISO 8791-4, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4:
Print-surf method
ISO 13655:2009, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic
arts images
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
0°:45° or 45°:0°
measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer in conformance with ISO 13655 geometry 0°:45° or 45°:0°
3.2
8°:di or di:8°
hemispherical diffuse geometry, specular component included, with either 8° incidence (influx) (8°:di)
or 8° exitance (efflux) (di:8°)
Note 1 to entry: The measurement geometry of a spectrophotometer not in conformance with ISO 13655.
3.3
ink
printing ink
composite material containing colorants, functional components, vehicle and additives
Note 1 to entry: In most cases, applied as a fluid to a substrate by a printing process and setting or drying by
either physical (evaporation) and/or chemical (polymerizations, e.g. oxidation, radiation induced, or other)
processes to form an image for decorative, informative or technical purposes.
3.4
standard ink
process ink
ink (3.3) intended for four-colour printing which, when printed on the reference substrate and within the
applicable range of ink film thicknesses, complies to the colorimetric and transparency specifications
of this document
3.5
transparency
ability of an ink (3.3) film to transmit light
Note 1 to entry: It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
3.6
transparency value
T
reciprocal of the slope of the regression line between ink (3.3) film thickness and colour difference for
overprints of chromatic inks over black substrate
4 Test method
4.1 Procedure
Colorimetric conformance shall be verified by printing each ink on the reference substrate, described
in Annex A, at a range of ink film thicknesses. The colours of the resultant test prints shall be measured
and the colour difference determined between the sample and the pertinent value given in Table 1. If at
least one of these samples has a smaller colour difference than that specified in 5.2, the ink conforms
colorimetrically to this document.
NOTE It is often more convenient to determine the colorimetric conformance of an ink graphically. This
is achieved by calculating the colour difference (ΔE* ) from the values in Table 1 for each of the prints made
ab
and plotting this against the ink film thickne
...
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