SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
Buildings and civil engineering works -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: General terms
Buildings and civil engineering works -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: General terms
This part of ISO 6707 contains the terms and definitions of general concepts to establish a vocabulary
applicable to buildings and civil engineering works.
It comprises
a) fundamental concepts, which can be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions, and
b) more specific concepts, used in several areas of construction and frequently used in standards,
regulations, and contracts.
Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil -- Vocabulaire -- Partie 1: Termes généraux
Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski objekti - Slovar - 1. del: Splošni izrazi
Ta del standarda ISO 6707 določa slovar izrazov in definicij splošnih pojmov
za stavbe in gradbene inženirske objekte. Vključuje:
a) osnovne pojme, ki so lahko začetna točka za druge, bolj specifične definicije, in
b) bolj specifične pojme, ki se uporabljajo na različnih področjih gradbeništva in pogosto v standardih, predpisih in pogodbah.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6707-1
Fourth edition
2014-03-15
Buildings and civil engineering
works — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
General terms
Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Termes généraux
Reference number
ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Vocabulary structure. 1
3 Types of buildings and civil engineering works . 1
3.1 Base terms. 1
3.2 Civil engineering works . 2
3.3 Civil engineering works — Transport . 5
3.4 Buildings .12
4 Spaces .14
4.1 Base terms.14
4.2 Spaces associated with particular parts of the building .14
4.3 Functional spaces .16
4.4 Spaces associated with circulation and movement .18
5 Parts of buildings and civil engineering works .20
5.1 Structural parts . .20
5.2 Dividing and enclosing parts .28
5.3 Openings and associated closing parts .35
5.4 Services, fitments, and equipment .39
5.5 Other parts.45
6 Materials .53
6.1 Base terms.53
6.2 Earth and stone .55
6.3 Wood and timber .55
6.4 Functional materials .59
7 Operations, documentation, and equipment .64
7.1 Operations .64
7.2 Documentation .70
7.3 Equipment .71
8 Persons involved in projects and users .73
9 Characteristics and performance .74
9.1 Base terms.74
9.2 Size and dimensions .75
9.3 Functional properties .78
9.4 Testing properties .85
10 Environment and physical planning .86
Annex A (informative) Synonyms and alternative spellings used in Great Britain/United
Kingdom (GB) .89
Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index of US synonyms .91
Bibliography .101
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,
Subcommittee SC 2, Terminology and harmonization of languages.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 6707-1:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 6707 consists of the following parts, under the general title Buildings and civil engineering works —
Vocabulary:
— Part 1: General terms
— Part 2: Contract terms
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Introduction
With the growth in the number of international construction projects and the development of the
international market in construction products, there is an increasing need for agreement on a common
language in the domain.
This part of ISO 6707 is a first step towards a complete set of general terms for use by the construction
industry. It will be updated as further terms and definitions are agreed upon.
This International Standard includes terms and concepts that are commonly used in documentation
governing construction work as well as terms used to specify products and works. It is important to
note that when used in legislation, some general construction terms have a narrower interpretation and
hence, the definition given in this International Standard will not apply.
The adoption of this International Standard by the various national construction industries will improve
communication in the design, execution, and maintenance of construction works within those industries.
Its use in other standards will aid harmonization and provide a basis for specialist terminology.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Buildings and civil engineering works — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
General terms
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6707 contains the terms and definitions of general concepts to establish a vocabulary
applicable to buildings and civil engineering works.
It comprises
a) fundamental concepts, which can be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions, and
b) more specific concepts, used in several areas of construction and frequently used in standards,
regulations, and contracts.
2 Vocabulary structure
The terms are arranged within categories to allow ready comparison of related concepts.
Where a given preferred term designates more than one concept, each concept has been treated in a
separate entry and a note to entry included to acknowledge the homonymy created and a reference
included to the other term entry.
Where a preferred or admitted term is specific to a particular English-speaking country, e.g. the United
States of America, etc., this has been given in boldface type following the international preferred term
and annotated by the respective country code. Where no preferred terms are listed indicating usage in
a specific geographical location, this signifies that the international preferred term is the accepted term
in the English-speaking countries. A term following the preferred term not given in boldface type is an
admitted (non-preferred) synonym. Country codes are also assigned to these terms.
In most countries, synonyms and alternative spellings exist for the preferred terms used in this part
of ISO 6707, and a list of synonyms and alternative spellings is given in Annex A. To facilitate a ready
comparison with US synonyms and alternative spellings, these are given in Annex B.
3 Types of buildings and civil engineering works
3.1 Base terms
3.1.1
construction works
US: construction
everything that is constructed or results from construction operations
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there are homographs for the term “construction”. See 5.5.6 and 7.1.1.
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.1.2
civil engineering works
US: civil engineering project
construction works (3.1.1) comprising a structure (3.1.4), such as a dam (3.2.22), bridge (3.3.19), road
(3.3.1), railway (3.3.3), runway, utilities, pipeline (3.2.30), or sewerage system (5.4.40), or the result of
operations such as dredging, earthwork (7.1.6), geotechnical processes, but excluding a building (3.1.3)
and its associated site (3.1.6) works
Note 1 to entry: Associated siteworks are included in US civil engineering projects.
3.1.3
building
construction works (3.1.1) that has the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main
purposes, usually partially or totally enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “building”. See 7.1.4.
3.1.4
structure
construction works (3.1.1) having a structure (5.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “structure”. See 5.1.2.
3.1.5
external works
US: sitework
construction works (3.1.1) or landscape work on land (10.1) associated with, and adjacent to, civil
engineering works (3.1.2) or a building (3.1.3)
3.1.6
site
area of land (10.1) or water where construction work (7.1.1) or other development is undertaken
3.2 Civil engineering works
3.2.1
earthworks
result of change of existing terrain
3.2.2
excavation
result of digging, lifting, and removing earth, fill (6.4.9), or other material (6.1.1) from the ground (6.2.1)
3.2.3
embankment
section of earthworks (3.2.1), often formed by cut (3.2.5) or fill (6.4.9), where the finished ground level
(9.2.34) is above or below original ground level (9.2.33) and whose length (9.2.18) usually greatly exceeds
its width (9.2.16)
3.2.4
bund
US: berm
low embankment (3.2.3)
3.2.5
cut
material (6.1.1) excavated in bulk
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “cut”. See 3.2.6.
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.2.6
cut
void that results from bulk excavation (3.2.2) of material (6.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “cut”. See 3.2.5.
3.2.7
cut and fill
earthwork (7.1.6) technique for lessening or increasing a variation in ground level (9.2.33) by using
material (6.1.1) excavated from higher ground (6.2.1) to raise the level (9.2.32) of lower ground or the
reverse
3.2.8
adit
nearly level tunnel (3.3.18) driven to underground workings
3.2.9
made ground
US: fill
ground (6.2.1) that has been formed by using material (6.1.1) to fill in a depression or to raise the level
(9.2.32) of a site (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “fill”. See 6.4.9.
3.2.10
bund wall
US: retaining earthworks
wall (5.2.46) that forms an enclosure around a storage tank and is used to retain the contents in the
event of tank failure
3.2.11
dumpling
US: mound
large mass of ground (6.2.1) intended to be excavated but temporarily left as a support during construction
work (7.1.1)
3.2.12
trench
horizontal or slightly inclined long, narrow open excavation (3.2.2), usually with vertical sides
3.2.13
shaft
vertical or steeply inclined excavation (3.2.2), usually of limited cross-section in relation to its depth
(9.2.15)
3.2.14
borrow pit
area within which earthwork (7.1.6) takes place in order to produce material (6.1.1) for earthworks (3.2.1)
3.2.15
borehole
hole, usually vertical, bored to determine ground (6.2.1) conditions, for extraction of water, other liquids,
or gases, or measurement (7.1.25) of groundwater level (9.2.32)
3.2.16
retaining wall
wall (5.2.46) that provides lateral support to the ground (6.2.1) or that resists pressure from a mass of
other material (6.1.1)
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.2.17
diaphragm wall
wall (5.2.46) made of concrete (6.4.15) constructed in a trench (3.2.12) temporarily supported by
bentonite (3.2.18) suspension
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “diaphragm wall”. See 5.1.63.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there are homographs for the term “diaphragm wall”. See 5.1.61 and 5.1.63.
3.2.18
bentonite
clay, formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash, that swells as it absorbs water
3.2.19
water tower
civil engineering works (3.1.2) that comprises a large water tank raised above ground level (9.2.33)
3.2.20
silo
structure (3.1.4) for the storage of a large volume of loose material
3.2.21
breakwater
long structure (3.1.4) in a body of water designed to protect a basin (3.3.64) or the shore from waves
3.2.22
dam
barrier (5.2.9) constructed to retain water in order to raise its level (9.2.32), form a reservoir (3.2.36), or
reduce or prevent flooding
3.2.23
flood bank
embankment (3.2.3) built up to retain or control the level (9.2.32) of flood water
3.2.24
cofferdam
structure (3.1.4), usually temporary, that is built to support the surrounding ground (6.2.1) or to exclude
water or soil (6.2.2) sufficiently to permit work within it to proceed safely without excessive pumping
3.2.25
swale
slightly inclined, often heavily vegetated or paved with gravel, stone (6.2.4), or concrete (6.4.15) and at
times swampy, depression, constructed to contain water and other liquids
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “swale”. See 10.8.
3.2.26
irrigation
artificial distribution of water to land (10.1), usually for growing crops
3.2.27
weir
structure (3.1.4) over which water can flow, used to control the upstream water level (9.2.32) in a
watercourse (10.8) or other channel (5.4.16), and/or to measure the flow (9.3.41)
3.2.28
penstock
US: lock gate
gate, usually rectangular, that moves vertically between guides
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.2.29
spillway
passage for the discharge of excess water from a reservoir (3.2.36) or channel (5.4.16)
3.2.30
pipeline
long continuous line of pipes (5.4.17), including ancillary equipment, used for transporting liquids or
gases
3.2.31
aqueduct
conduit (5.4.14) for conveying water over long distances, and including the supporting structure (5.1.2)
3.2.32
water supply adit
tunnel (3.3.18) driven from the ground to provide access to or drainage from underground workings
3.2.33
culvert
transverse drain (5.4.38) or waterway structure (3.1.4) under a road (3.3.1), railway (3.3.3), or canal
(3.3.61), or through an embankment (3.2.3), in the form of a large pipe (5.4.17) or enclosed channel
(5.4.16)
3.2.34
headworks
intake and associated works at the upstream end of a water engineering (7.1.11) scheme
3.2.35
rising main
water main or pressurized section of a drain (5.4.38) or sewer (5.4.41) through which liquid is pumped
to a higher level (9.2.32)
3.2.36
reservoir
pond, lake, or basin (3.3.64), either naturally occurring or man-made, for storage, regulation, and control
of water and other liquids or gases
3.3 Civil engineering works — Transport
3.3.1
road
way mainly for vehicles
3.3.2
exit
designated point of departure from a road (3.3.1)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “exit”. See 4.4.17.
3.3.3
railway
US: railroad
national or regional transport system for guided passage of wheeled vehicles on rails
3.3.4
tramway
US: streetcar
local transport system for guided passage of wheeled vehicles on rails
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.3.5
aerial ropeway
US: cableway
US: lift
local transport system for guided passage of cabins or containers carried on cables (6.4.54) on
intermediate supports
3.3.6
underground railway
US: subway
railway (3.3.3) that operates mainly below ground level (9.2.33)
3.3.7
mass transit railway
railway (3.3.3) for the rapid movement of high passenger load densities in urban areas
3.3.8
monorail
railway (3.3.3) that has a single running rail with beam (5.1.11) support
3.3.9
track
assembly (5.5.5) of rails, fastenings (5.5.72), and support, for passage of vehicles
3.3.10
sleeper
US: tie
member providing vertical and lateral support to rails of a railway (3.3.3) or tramway (3.3.4)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “tie”. See 5.1.22.
3.3.11
airfield
defined area including any buildings (3.1.3), installations (5.4.3), and equipment, for the arrival, departure,
and movement of aircraft
3.3.12
airport
area containing an airfield (3.3.11) and facilities for handling passengers and cargo
3.3.13
noise barrier
structure (3.1.4) provided to deflect and absorb noise
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “noise barrier”. See 3.3.14.
3.3.14
noise bund
US: noise barrier
US: sound barrier
noise barrier (3.3.13) in the form of an embankment (3.2.3)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “noise barrier”. See 3.3.13.
3.3.15
subgrade
upper part of the soil (6.2.2), natural or constructed, that supports the loads (9.3.19) transmitted by the
overlying structure (5.1.2) of a road (3.3.1), runway, or similar hard surface
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.3.16
road formation
US: grade
surface of subgrade (3.3.15) in its final shape after completion of earthwork (7.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “grade”. See 9.2.33.
3.3.17
pavement
road (3.3.1), runway, or similar construction (5.5.6) above the subgrade (3.3.15)
3.3.18
tunnel
horizontal or sloping underground enclosed way of some length (9.2.18)
3.3.19
bridge
civil engineering works (3.1.2) that affords passage to pedestrians, animals, vehicles, and services (5.4.1)
above obstacles or between two points at a height (9.2.20) above ground (6.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “bridge”. See 7.3.10.
3.3.20
arch bridge
bridge (3.3.19) that has one or more arches (5.1.7) as its main structure (5.1.2)
3.3.21
bow string bridge
bridge (3.3.19) that has an arch (5.1.7) and its tie (5.1.22) as the main structure (5.1.2)
3.3.22
cantilever bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are cantilevers (5.1.17)
3.3.23
cable stayed bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are the beams (5.1.11) for the deck (5.1.35)
supported by a tower and one or more inclined cables (6.4.54) connected to the top or the shaft of the
tower
3.3.24
suspension bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are catenary cables (6.4.54) from which the
deck (5.1.35) is suspended
3.3.25
floating bridge
bridge (3.3.19) supported by water
3.3.26
movable bridge
bridge (3.3.19) over a waterway, the deck (5.1.35) of which can be moved
3.3.27
bascule bridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which is counterbalanced and hinged on a horizontal axis
3.3.28
vertical lift bridge
US: drawbridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which can be raised vertically
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.3.29
swing bridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which can be rotated about a vertical axis
3.3.30
skew bridge
bridge (3.3.19) where the angle between the longitudinal axis and the lines of support is not a right angle
3.3.31
viaduct
bridge (3.3.19) composed of a large number of spans
3.3.32
footbridge
bridge (3.3.19) for the use of pedestrians
3.3.33
railway platform
elevated structure (3.1.4) for entraining and detraining passengers and goods
3.3.34
highway
US: parkway
US: freeway
way over which the public has the right to pass, this right possibly being restricted to specific classes of
traffic (10.5)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “parkway”. See 3.3.37.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “freeway”. See 3.3.37.
3.3.35
carriageway
US: roadway
part of the road (3.3.1) or highway (3.3.34) constructed for use by vehicular traffic (10.5), including
auxiliary traffic lanes (3.3.49), passing places, and lay-bys (3.3.36)
3.3.36
lay-by
US: stopping lane
US: emergency lane
part of the highway (3.3.34) set aside for vehicles to allow them to draw out of the traffic lanes (3.3.49)
and wait for short periods
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “emergency lane”. See 3.3.39.
3.3.37
motorway
US: interstate highway
US: freeway
US: parkway
limited access road (3.3.1) with dual carriageways (3.3.35) that is not crossed on the same level (9.2.32)
by other traffic lanes (3.3.49), for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicles
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “parkway”. See 3.3.34.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “freeway”. See 3.3.34.
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.3.38
vehicle restraint system
US: guardrail
US: barricade
structure (5.1.2) that provides a system of containment for errant vehicles so as to limit damage or injury
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “barricade”. See 3.3.41.
3.3.39
hard shoulder
US: emergency lane
US: service lane
surfaced strip, adjacent to and abutting a carriageway (3.3.35), intended for use by vehicles in the event
of difficulty or during obstruction of the carriageway
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “emergency lane”. See 3.3.36.
3.3.40
road safety fence
US: road safety rail
vehicle restraint system (3.3.38) installed alongside or on a central reserve (3.3.48) or a road (3.3.1) in the
form of one or more horizontal members mounted on posts (5.1.52)
3.3.41
road safety barrier
US: barricade
vehicle restraint system (3.3.38) alongside a carriageway (3.3.35) in the form of a continuous low wall
(5.2.46) or similar construction (5.5.6)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “barricade”. See 3.3.38.
3.3.42
crash cushion
US: impact barrier
energy-absorbing device installed in front of a rigid object to reduce the severity of impact of a vehicle
3.3.43
arrester bed
AU: safety ramp
US: emergency ramp
area of land (10.1) adjacent to a road (3.3.1), filled with a particular material (6.1.1) and designed to
decelerate and arrest errant vehicles, generally located on long downhill portions of a road
3.3.44
cycleway
US: bicycle path
way or separated part of a road (3.3.1) for use only by pedal cycles
3.3.45
kerb
US: curb
border, usually upstanding, at the edge of a carriageway (3.3.35), hard strip, hard shoulder (3.3.39), or
footway (3.3.55)
3.3.46
soft shoulder
strip alongside a carriageway (3.3.35) not intended to support vehicular traffic (10.5)
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ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
3.3.47
verge
US: shoulder
part of a highway (3.3.34) alongside a carriageway (3.3.35) and at approximately the same level (9.2.32),
exclusive of embankment (3.2.3) or cutting (3.2.5) slopes
Note 1 to entry: It can include footways (3.3.55) and cycleways (3.3.44).
Note 2 to entry: In English, there is a homograph f
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
01-januar-2015
Stavbe in gradbeni inženirski objekti - Slovar - 1. del: Splošni izrazi
Buildings and civil engineering works -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: General terms
Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil -- Vocabulaire -- Partie 1: Termes généraux
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 6707-1:2014
ICS:
01.040.91 Gradbeni materiali in gradnja Construction materials and
(Slovarji) building (Vocabularies)
01.040.93 Nizke gradnje (Slovarji) Civil engineering
(Vocabularies)
91.010.01 Gradbeništvo na splošno Construction industry in
general
93.010 Nizke gradnje na splošno Civil engineering in general
SIST ISO 6707-1:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
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SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6707-1
Fourth edition
2014-03-15
Buildings and civil engineering
works — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
General terms
Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Termes généraux
Reference number
ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Vocabulary structure. 1
3 Types of buildings and civil engineering works . 1
3.1 Base terms. 1
3.2 Civil engineering works . 2
3.3 Civil engineering works — Transport . 5
3.4 Buildings .12
4 Spaces .14
4.1 Base terms.14
4.2 Spaces associated with particular parts of the building .14
4.3 Functional spaces .16
4.4 Spaces associated with circulation and movement .18
5 Parts of buildings and civil engineering works .20
5.1 Structural parts . .20
5.2 Dividing and enclosing parts .28
5.3 Openings and associated closing parts .35
5.4 Services, fitments, and equipment .39
5.5 Other parts.45
6 Materials .53
6.1 Base terms.53
6.2 Earth and stone .55
6.3 Wood and timber .55
6.4 Functional materials .59
7 Operations, documentation, and equipment .64
7.1 Operations .64
7.2 Documentation .70
7.3 Equipment .71
8 Persons involved in projects and users .73
9 Characteristics and performance .74
9.1 Base terms.74
9.2 Size and dimensions .75
9.3 Functional properties .78
9.4 Testing properties .85
10 Environment and physical planning .86
Annex A (informative) Synonyms and alternative spellings used in Great Britain/United
Kingdom (GB) .89
Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index of US synonyms .91
Bibliography .101
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SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,
Subcommittee SC 2, Terminology and harmonization of languages.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 6707-1:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 6707 consists of the following parts, under the general title Buildings and civil engineering works —
Vocabulary:
— Part 1: General terms
— Part 2: Contract terms
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Introduction
With the growth in the number of international construction projects and the development of the
international market in construction products, there is an increasing need for agreement on a common
language in the domain.
This part of ISO 6707 is a first step towards a complete set of general terms for use by the construction
industry. It will be updated as further terms and definitions are agreed upon.
This International Standard includes terms and concepts that are commonly used in documentation
governing construction work as well as terms used to specify products and works. It is important to
note that when used in legislation, some general construction terms have a narrower interpretation and
hence, the definition given in this International Standard will not apply.
The adoption of this International Standard by the various national construction industries will improve
communication in the design, execution, and maintenance of construction works within those industries.
Its use in other standards will aid harmonization and provide a basis for specialist terminology.
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SIST ISO 6707-1:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6707-1:2014(E)
Buildings and civil engineering works — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
General terms
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6707 contains the terms and definitions of general concepts to establish a vocabulary
applicable to buildings and civil engineering works.
It comprises
a) fundamental concepts, which can be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions, and
b) more specific concepts, used in several areas of construction and frequently used in standards,
regulations, and contracts.
2 Vocabulary structure
The terms are arranged within categories to allow ready comparison of related concepts.
Where a given preferred term designates more than one concept, each concept has been treated in a
separate entry and a note to entry included to acknowledge the homonymy created and a reference
included to the other term entry.
Where a preferred or admitted term is specific to a particular English-speaking country, e.g. the United
States of America, etc., this has been given in boldface type following the international preferred term
and annotated by the respective country code. Where no preferred terms are listed indicating usage in
a specific geographical location, this signifies that the international preferred term is the accepted term
in the English-speaking countries. A term following the preferred term not given in boldface type is an
admitted (non-preferred) synonym. Country codes are also assigned to these terms.
In most countries, synonyms and alternative spellings exist for the preferred terms used in this part
of ISO 6707, and a list of synonyms and alternative spellings is given in Annex A. To facilitate a ready
comparison with US synonyms and alternative spellings, these are given in Annex B.
3 Types of buildings and civil engineering works
3.1 Base terms
3.1.1
construction works
US: construction
everything that is constructed or results from construction operations
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there are homographs for the term “construction”. See 5.5.6 and 7.1.1.
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3.1.2
civil engineering works
US: civil engineering project
construction works (3.1.1) comprising a structure (3.1.4), such as a dam (3.2.22), bridge (3.3.19), road
(3.3.1), railway (3.3.3), runway, utilities, pipeline (3.2.30), or sewerage system (5.4.40), or the result of
operations such as dredging, earthwork (7.1.6), geotechnical processes, but excluding a building (3.1.3)
and its associated site (3.1.6) works
Note 1 to entry: Associated siteworks are included in US civil engineering projects.
3.1.3
building
construction works (3.1.1) that has the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main
purposes, usually partially or totally enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “building”. See 7.1.4.
3.1.4
structure
construction works (3.1.1) having a structure (5.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “structure”. See 5.1.2.
3.1.5
external works
US: sitework
construction works (3.1.1) or landscape work on land (10.1) associated with, and adjacent to, civil
engineering works (3.1.2) or a building (3.1.3)
3.1.6
site
area of land (10.1) or water where construction work (7.1.1) or other development is undertaken
3.2 Civil engineering works
3.2.1
earthworks
result of change of existing terrain
3.2.2
excavation
result of digging, lifting, and removing earth, fill (6.4.9), or other material (6.1.1) from the ground (6.2.1)
3.2.3
embankment
section of earthworks (3.2.1), often formed by cut (3.2.5) or fill (6.4.9), where the finished ground level
(9.2.34) is above or below original ground level (9.2.33) and whose length (9.2.18) usually greatly exceeds
its width (9.2.16)
3.2.4
bund
US: berm
low embankment (3.2.3)
3.2.5
cut
material (6.1.1) excavated in bulk
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “cut”. See 3.2.6.
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3.2.6
cut
void that results from bulk excavation (3.2.2) of material (6.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “cut”. See 3.2.5.
3.2.7
cut and fill
earthwork (7.1.6) technique for lessening or increasing a variation in ground level (9.2.33) by using
material (6.1.1) excavated from higher ground (6.2.1) to raise the level (9.2.32) of lower ground or the
reverse
3.2.8
adit
nearly level tunnel (3.3.18) driven to underground workings
3.2.9
made ground
US: fill
ground (6.2.1) that has been formed by using material (6.1.1) to fill in a depression or to raise the level
(9.2.32) of a site (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “fill”. See 6.4.9.
3.2.10
bund wall
US: retaining earthworks
wall (5.2.46) that forms an enclosure around a storage tank and is used to retain the contents in the
event of tank failure
3.2.11
dumpling
US: mound
large mass of ground (6.2.1) intended to be excavated but temporarily left as a support during construction
work (7.1.1)
3.2.12
trench
horizontal or slightly inclined long, narrow open excavation (3.2.2), usually with vertical sides
3.2.13
shaft
vertical or steeply inclined excavation (3.2.2), usually of limited cross-section in relation to its depth
(9.2.15)
3.2.14
borrow pit
area within which earthwork (7.1.6) takes place in order to produce material (6.1.1) for earthworks (3.2.1)
3.2.15
borehole
hole, usually vertical, bored to determine ground (6.2.1) conditions, for extraction of water, other liquids,
or gases, or measurement (7.1.25) of groundwater level (9.2.32)
3.2.16
retaining wall
wall (5.2.46) that provides lateral support to the ground (6.2.1) or that resists pressure from a mass of
other material (6.1.1)
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3.2.17
diaphragm wall
wall (5.2.46) made of concrete (6.4.15) constructed in a trench (3.2.12) temporarily supported by
bentonite (3.2.18) suspension
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “diaphragm wall”. See 5.1.63.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there are homographs for the term “diaphragm wall”. See 5.1.61 and 5.1.63.
3.2.18
bentonite
clay, formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash, that swells as it absorbs water
3.2.19
water tower
civil engineering works (3.1.2) that comprises a large water tank raised above ground level (9.2.33)
3.2.20
silo
structure (3.1.4) for the storage of a large volume of loose material
3.2.21
breakwater
long structure (3.1.4) in a body of water designed to protect a basin (3.3.64) or the shore from waves
3.2.22
dam
barrier (5.2.9) constructed to retain water in order to raise its level (9.2.32), form a reservoir (3.2.36), or
reduce or prevent flooding
3.2.23
flood bank
embankment (3.2.3) built up to retain or control the level (9.2.32) of flood water
3.2.24
cofferdam
structure (3.1.4), usually temporary, that is built to support the surrounding ground (6.2.1) or to exclude
water or soil (6.2.2) sufficiently to permit work within it to proceed safely without excessive pumping
3.2.25
swale
slightly inclined, often heavily vegetated or paved with gravel, stone (6.2.4), or concrete (6.4.15) and at
times swampy, depression, constructed to contain water and other liquids
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “swale”. See 10.8.
3.2.26
irrigation
artificial distribution of water to land (10.1), usually for growing crops
3.2.27
weir
structure (3.1.4) over which water can flow, used to control the upstream water level (9.2.32) in a
watercourse (10.8) or other channel (5.4.16), and/or to measure the flow (9.3.41)
3.2.28
penstock
US: lock gate
gate, usually rectangular, that moves vertically between guides
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3.2.29
spillway
passage for the discharge of excess water from a reservoir (3.2.36) or channel (5.4.16)
3.2.30
pipeline
long continuous line of pipes (5.4.17), including ancillary equipment, used for transporting liquids or
gases
3.2.31
aqueduct
conduit (5.4.14) for conveying water over long distances, and including the supporting structure (5.1.2)
3.2.32
water supply adit
tunnel (3.3.18) driven from the ground to provide access to or drainage from underground workings
3.2.33
culvert
transverse drain (5.4.38) or waterway structure (3.1.4) under a road (3.3.1), railway (3.3.3), or canal
(3.3.61), or through an embankment (3.2.3), in the form of a large pipe (5.4.17) or enclosed channel
(5.4.16)
3.2.34
headworks
intake and associated works at the upstream end of a water engineering (7.1.11) scheme
3.2.35
rising main
water main or pressurized section of a drain (5.4.38) or sewer (5.4.41) through which liquid is pumped
to a higher level (9.2.32)
3.2.36
reservoir
pond, lake, or basin (3.3.64), either naturally occurring or man-made, for storage, regulation, and control
of water and other liquids or gases
3.3 Civil engineering works — Transport
3.3.1
road
way mainly for vehicles
3.3.2
exit
designated point of departure from a road (3.3.1)
Note 1 to entry: In English, there is a homograph for the term “exit”. See 4.4.17.
3.3.3
railway
US: railroad
national or regional transport system for guided passage of wheeled vehicles on rails
3.3.4
tramway
US: streetcar
local transport system for guided passage of wheeled vehicles on rails
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3.3.5
aerial ropeway
US: cableway
US: lift
local transport system for guided passage of cabins or containers carried on cables (6.4.54) on
intermediate supports
3.3.6
underground railway
US: subway
railway (3.3.3) that operates mainly below ground level (9.2.33)
3.3.7
mass transit railway
railway (3.3.3) for the rapid movement of high passenger load densities in urban areas
3.3.8
monorail
railway (3.3.3) that has a single running rail with beam (5.1.11) support
3.3.9
track
assembly (5.5.5) of rails, fastenings (5.5.72), and support, for passage of vehicles
3.3.10
sleeper
US: tie
member providing vertical and lateral support to rails of a railway (3.3.3) or tramway (3.3.4)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “tie”. See 5.1.22.
3.3.11
airfield
defined area including any buildings (3.1.3), installations (5.4.3), and equipment, for the arrival, departure,
and movement of aircraft
3.3.12
airport
area containing an airfield (3.3.11) and facilities for handling passengers and cargo
3.3.13
noise barrier
structure (3.1.4) provided to deflect and absorb noise
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “noise barrier”. See 3.3.14.
3.3.14
noise bund
US: noise barrier
US: sound barrier
noise barrier (3.3.13) in the form of an embankment (3.2.3)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “noise barrier”. See 3.3.13.
3.3.15
subgrade
upper part of the soil (6.2.2), natural or constructed, that supports the loads (9.3.19) transmitted by the
overlying structure (5.1.2) of a road (3.3.1), runway, or similar hard surface
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3.3.16
road formation
US: grade
surface of subgrade (3.3.15) in its final shape after completion of earthwork (7.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “grade”. See 9.2.33.
3.3.17
pavement
road (3.3.1), runway, or similar construction (5.5.6) above the subgrade (3.3.15)
3.3.18
tunnel
horizontal or sloping underground enclosed way of some length (9.2.18)
3.3.19
bridge
civil engineering works (3.1.2) that affords passage to pedestrians, animals, vehicles, and services (5.4.1)
above obstacles or between two points at a height (9.2.20) above ground (6.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “bridge”. See 7.3.10.
3.3.20
arch bridge
bridge (3.3.19) that has one or more arches (5.1.7) as its main structure (5.1.2)
3.3.21
bow string bridge
bridge (3.3.19) that has an arch (5.1.7) and its tie (5.1.22) as the main structure (5.1.2)
3.3.22
cantilever bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are cantilevers (5.1.17)
3.3.23
cable stayed bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are the beams (5.1.11) for the deck (5.1.35)
supported by a tower and one or more inclined cables (6.4.54) connected to the top or the shaft of the
tower
3.3.24
suspension bridge
bridge (3.3.19), the main structural members (5.1.3) of which are catenary cables (6.4.54) from which the
deck (5.1.35) is suspended
3.3.25
floating bridge
bridge (3.3.19) supported by water
3.3.26
movable bridge
bridge (3.3.19) over a waterway, the deck (5.1.35) of which can be moved
3.3.27
bascule bridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which is counterbalanced and hinged on a horizontal axis
3.3.28
vertical lift bridge
US: drawbridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which can be raised vertically
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3.3.29
swing bridge
movable bridge (3.3.26), the deck (5.1.35) of which can be rotated about a vertical axis
3.3.30
skew bridge
bridge (3.3.19) where the angle between the longitudinal axis and the lines of support is not a right angle
3.3.31
viaduct
bridge (3.3.19) composed of a large number of spans
3.3.32
footbridge
bridge (3.3.19) for the use of pedestrians
3.3.33
railway platform
elevated structure (3.1.4) for entraining and detraining passengers and goods
3.3.34
highway
US: parkway
US: freeway
way over which the public has the right to pass, this right possibly being restricted to specific classes of
traffic (10.5)
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “parkway”. See 3.3.37.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “freeway”. See 3.3.37.
3.3.35
carriageway
US: roadway
part of the road (3.3.1) or highway (3.3.34) constructed for use by vehicular traffic (10.5), including
auxiliary traffic lanes (3.3.49), passing places, and lay-bys (3.3.36)
3.3.36
lay-by
US: stopping lane
US: emergency lane
part of the highway (3.3.34) set aside for vehicles to allow them to draw out of the traffic lanes (3.3.49)
and wait for short periods
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “emergency lane”. See 3.3.39.
3.3.37
motorway
US: interstate highway
US: freeway
US: parkway
limited access road (3.3.1) with dual carriageways (3.3.35) that is not crossed on the same level (9.2.32)
by other traffic lanes (3.3.49), for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicles
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “parkway”. See 3.3.34.
Note 2 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “freeway”. See 3.3.34.
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3.3.38
vehicle restraint system
US: guardrail
US: barricade
structure (5.1.2) that provides a system of containment for errant vehicles so as to limit damage or injury
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “barricade”. See 3.3.41.
3.3.39
hard shoulder
US: emergency lane
US: service lane
surfaced strip, adjacent to and abutting a carriageway (3.3.35), intended for use by vehicles in the event
of difficulty or during obstruction of the carriageway
Note 1 to entry: In the US, there is a homograph for the term “emergency lane”. See 3.3.36.
3.3.40
road safety fence
US: road safety rail
vehicle restraint system (3.3.38) installed alongside or on a central reserve (3.3.48) or a road (3.3.1) in the
form of one or more horizontal members mounted on posts (5.1.52)
3.3.41
road safety barrier
US: barricade
vehicle restraint system (3.3.38) alongside a carriageway (3.3.35) in the form of a continuous low wa
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