kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 18169:2025
(Main)Petroleum and related products — Alternative fuels and fuel blending components assessment guide — Information to producers and blenders of automotive fuels
Petroleum and related products — Alternative fuels and fuel blending components assessment guide — Information to producers and blenders of automotive fuels
This document presents information to producers and blenders of automotive fuels. It allows the user to assess new products or blends and their production processes to determine what information is helpful to consider:
- the applicable fuel specification standard(s);
- the ‘workmanship clause’ cited by CEN fuel specifications;
- the impact on vehicle emissions systems, material compatibility and vehicle operability;
- the correct functioning of the intended product (fitness for purpose).
This document is a collection of information. It serves as guidance and cannot be considered as a product approval paper in any way.
Mineralölerzeugnisse - Leitfaden zur Bewertung von alternativen Kraftstoffen und von Komponenten für Kraftstoffmischungen - Informationen für Hersteller und Mischungshersteller von Kraftstoffen
Produits pétroliers - Guide d'évaluation des carburants alternatifs et des composants des mélanges de carburants - Informations destinées aux producteurs et aux mélangeurs de carburants automobiles
Nafta in sorodni proizvodi - Vodilo za ocenjevanje alternativnih goriv in komponent za mešanje goriv - Informacije za proizvajalce in mešalce avtomobilskih goriv
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Nafta in sorodni proizvodi - Vodilo za ocenjevanje alternativnih goriv in
komponent za mešanje goriv - Informacije za proizvajalce in mešalce
avtomobilskih goriv
Petroleum and related products — Alternative fuels and fuel blending components
assessment guide — Information to producers and blenders of automotive fuels
Mineralölerzeugnisse - Leitfaden zur Bewertung von alternativen Kraftstoffen und von
Komponenten für Kraftstoffmischungen - Informationen für Hersteller und
Mischungshersteller von Kraftstoffen
Produits pétroliers - Guide d'évaluation des carburants alternatifs et des composants des
mélanges de carburants - Informations destinées aux producteurs et aux mélangeurs de
carburants automobiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 18169
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 18169
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER REPORT
December 2024
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Petroleum and related products - Alternative fuels and fuel
blending components assessment guide - Information to
producers and blenders of automotive fuels
Produits pétroliers - Guide d'évaluation des carburants Mineralölerzeugnisse - Leitfaden zur Bewertung von
alternatifs et des composants des mélanges de alternativen Kraftstoffen und von Komponenten für
carburants - Informations destinées aux producteurs et Kraftstoffmischungen - Informationen für Hersteller
aux mélangeurs de carburants automobiles und Mischungshersteller von Kraftstoffen
This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 General . 4
4.1 Purpose . 4
4.2 Background . 5
4.2.1 European fuel specifications . 5
4.2.2 Workmanship . 5
4.2.3 Available guidance . 5
4.3 Considerations on the parameters . 6
5 What to consider regarding suitability of use . 6
5.1 Compatibility . 6
Table 1 – Recommended compatibility tests. 6
5.2 Handling . 6
5.3 Storage and distribution . 7
6 Fitness for purpose . 7
Bibliography . 8
FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 18169:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19
“Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”,
the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TR.
FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 (E)
1 Scope
This document presents information to producers and blenders of automotive fuels. It allows the user to
assess new products or blends and their production processes to determine what information is helpful
to consider:
— the applicable fuel specification standard(s);
— the ‘workmanship clause’ cited by CEN fuel specifications;
— the impact on vehicle emissions systems, material compatibility and vehicle operability;
— the correct functioning of the intended product (fitness for purpose).
This document is a collection of information. It serves as guidance and cannot be considered as a product
approval paper in any way.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1998-2, Petroleum industry — Terminology — Part 2: Properties and tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1998-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
additive
compound formulated to enhance the quality and efficiency of fuels and added in very small treat rates
3.2
blending component
compound to be mixed with a conventional fuel
4 General
4.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to give general guidance on evaluation of new materials for blends in or
replacements for fuels for spark ignition engines, such as EN 228, or for compressed injection engines,
such as EN 590.
CEN does not certify, approve, reject, or endorse specific fuels. Rather, its Technical Committee 19
develops fuel specifications and test methods for fuels. Its standards provide minimum requirements for
properties of fuels covered by these documents in commerce and address the concerns of stakeholders,
including that fuels perform appropriately in the specified application.
FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 (E)
This guidance is not all-encompassing and cannot replace the judgment and process of a technical
committee charged with evaluating a new fuel or blending component. However, it gives guidance to
proponents or fuel manufacturers who are considering proposing the inclusion of their new fuel or
blending component in European Standards.
4.2 Background
4.2.1 European fuel specifications
Historically, automotive fuel has been hydrocarbon molecules refined from petroleum. As a result,
EN 228, EN 589 and EN 590, have evolved to define performance requirements (and tests to determine
if those requirements were met) for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engine fuels
composed of conventional hydro-carbon oils refined from petroleum. Because these specifications
evolved to describe petroleum-derived fuels, some of the properties necessary for use in a compression
and spark ignition engines have historically not been addressed in EN 228, EN 589 or EN 590.
These specifications, however, do not require that fuels be derived from petroleum. They provide a path
to include other fuels and blending components appropriate for inclusion in the respective fuel
specification.
Limits for adding some bio-components the specifications (e.g. ethanol and other oxygenates in EN 228,
FAME in EN 590) do not apply to other (non-petroleum derived) hydrocarbons, such as synthetic
hydrocarbons, other renewable and recycled carbon hydrocarbons, since these components are allowed
in any proportions provided that the final fuel complies with the requirements of the appropriate
European Standard. The co-processing of renewable feedstock at refineries is also allowed provided that
the final fuel meets the requirements of the appropriate European Standard.
4.2.2 Workmanship
The final fuel specifications by CEN/TC 19 usually include the so-called workmanship clause. That reads
that the product “shall be free from any adulterant or contaminant that may render the fuel unacceptable
for use” (where the use or purpose is defined by the product specification). This requirement has in the
past been introduced to cover cases of malfunctioning product due to the supplier only checking against
the specification table without taking into account due diligence, for example around the use of additives
or assuring a robust delivery chain.
Though the workmanship clause did not originate because of new (bio)fuels coming on the market, it is
an indicator towards producers that not all chemicals on the market that, when blended into petrol or
(paraffinic) diesel) without breaching any of the limits in the specification tables, can be placed on the
market. This document is recommended to be studied well before a new product or blend is brought on
the market.
4.2.3 Available guidance
In 2023, the Energy Institute in the UK produced a document with factors for consideration and
assessment [5] that provides a perfect starting point for evaluation of new materials.
In addition to that document and information available from industry associations, there are other
publications addressing the evaluation of new materials. ASTM fuel specification standards [1, 2] usually
contain information on the significance of each of the required properties for the fuel. Similar information
has been developed in Technical Reports under CEN/TC 19 [3, 4, 16], at the time specifications for new
products had been developed.
More information related to specific failure modes has been published by CEN. This guidance can apply
to the new product and help producers. For example, CEN/TR 16884 [11] contains a good explanation of
the diesel characteristics and the use of cold flow additives, CEN/TR 16680 [12] the interaction of
additives and CEN/TR 17548 [13] details the market issues experienced due to abrasive particles in
diesel fuel.
FprCEN/TR 18169:2024 (E)
4.3 Considerations on the parameters
New compounds can require additional, new standard specifications where they are significantly
different than current SI and CI engine fuels and require different parameters to be controlled or different
test methods to properly measure required parameters.
Because the composition and properties of new fuels can vary, the path to a specification for a new fuel
can vary. Some current alternative fuels are similar to traditional petroleum-refined fuel while others are
chemically and physically different.
Three areas for consideration when reviewing new fuels alignment with existing standards or developing
new standards are: test methods, chemical and physical limitations of fuels in existing specifications, and
chemical and physical limitations appropriate for new fuels. The test methods that have been developed
for existing engine fuels are or are not appropriate for a new fuel. Guidance on materials used to develop
a test method, and its applicability, can generally be found in a test method’s scope and precision
statements. The test method can also work for other materials.
Assessment of the applicability of the test method to materials outside its scope (product range) can be
necessary when assessing a new fuel (component). This assessment is to determine whether a test
method is applicable for specification purposes, even if the material is not in the test method’s scope.
Chemical and physical limits set in existing standards are or are not appropriate to the new fuel or
components. These along with other considerations can indicate the need for separate new specifications.
Although each case will require a separate evaluation, logic suggests that the fewer chemical and physical
differences there are between the new fuel and traditional petroleum-based fuels, the fewer differe
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