kSIST FprEN 286-2:2022

Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers

1.1 This part of this European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially made pressure vessels, hereinafter referred to as vessels, designed for air breaking equipment and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which:    a)  include fabrication by welding;     b)  have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either:    1) a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having the same axis of revolution as the shell; or:    2) two dished ends having the same axis of revolution.     c) have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are welded.  1.2 It applies to vessels which are intended to contain only compressed air, and which operate within the following constraints:   a) subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar;    b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;   c) maximum working pressure 30 bar. The product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS.V) is greater than 50 bar.litre and not exceeding 1500 bar.litre;   d) minimum working temperature - 50 øC and maximum working termperature not higher than 100 øC.   It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.  1.3 The essential safety requirements are given in annex G.

Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft oder Stickstoff - Teil 2: Druckbehälter für Druckluftbremsanlagen und Hilfseinrichtungen in Kraftfahrzeugen und deren Anhängefahrzeugen

Dieses Dokument behandelt die Konstruktion und Herstellung von einfachen, serienmäßigen, unbefeuerten Druckbehältern, die nachfolgend als Behälter bezeichnet werden, für Druckluftbremsanlagen und Hilfseinrichtungen in Kraftfahrzeugen und deren Anhängefahrzeugen, die:
a)   durch Schweißen hergestellt werden;
b)   eine einfache Geometrie aufweisen, die einfache Fertigungsverfahren ermöglichen. Dies wird entweder erreicht durch
1)   einen kreiszylindrischen Teil, der von nach außen gewölbten und/oder ebenen Böden, die dieselbe Achse haben wie der zylindrische Teil, abgeschlossen wird oder
2)   zwei nach außen gewölbte Böden mit gemeinsamer Achse;
c)   Abzweigungen besitzen, deren Durchmesser nicht größer als das 0,5-fache des Manteldurchmessers ist, an den sie angeschweißt sind.
1.2   Es gilt nur für Behälter zur ausschließlichen Aufnahme von Druckluft mit folgenden Einschränkungen:
a)   der innere Überdruck ist größer als 0,5 bar;
b)   die zur Festigkeit des druckbeaufschlagten Behälters beitragenden Teile und Anschlüsse bestehen entweder aus unlegiertem Qualitätsstahl, aus unlegiertem Aluminium oder aus alterungsbeständigen Aluminiumlegierungen;
c)   der zulässige Betriebsüberdruck beträgt 30 bar. Das Produkt aus diesem Druck und dem Behältervolumen (PS ∙ V) ist größer als 50 bar l und nicht größer als 1 500 bar l;
d)   die Kapazität liegt nicht über 150 l;
e)   bei Aluminiumbehältern liegt die minimale Betriebstemperatur nicht unter −50 °C und die maximale Betriebstemperatur nicht über 100 °C und bei Behältern aus Stahl nicht über 150 °C.
Es gilt nicht für Behälter für den besonderen Einsatz im kerntechnischen Bereich, nicht für Behälter für den Einbau in oder den Antrieb von Schiffen oder Flugzeugen und nicht für Feuerlöscher.

Récipients à pression simples, non soumis à la flamme, destines à contenir de l’air ou de l’azote - Partie 2 : Récipients à pression pour circuits de freinage et circuits auxiliaires des véhicules routiers et leurs remorques

1.1   Le présent document s'applique au calcul et à la fabrication des récipients à pression simples de série, non soumis à la flamme, désignés ci-après par le terme générique de « récipients » pour circuits de freinage et circuits auxiliaires pour véhicules routiers et leurs remorques, qui :
a)   sont de fabrication soudée ;
b)   sont de forme géométrique simple permettant la mise en œuvre de méthodes de fabrication simples, et sont donc constitués :
1)   soit d'une partie cylindrique de section droite circulaire fermée par des fonds bombés ayant leur concavité tournée vers l'intérieur ou des fonds plats ayant le même axe de révolution que la partie cylindrique ;
2)   soit de deux fonds bombés ayant le même axe de révolution ;
c)   ont des tubulures de diamètre inférieur ou égal à 0,5 fois le diamètre de la partie cylindrique à laquelle elles sont soudées.
1.2   Il s'applique aux récipients destinés à contenir uniquement de l'air comprimé et qui fonctionnent dans les conditions suivantes :
a)   pression interne supérieure à 0,5 bar ;
b)   parties et assemblages contribuant à la résistance du récipient à la pression fabriqué soit en acier de qualité non allié, soit en aluminium non allié ou en alliage d'aluminium non trempant ;
c)   pression maximale de service 30 bar, produit de cette pression par la capacité de récipient (PS ∙ V) supérieur à 50 bar·l mais inférieur à 1 500 bar·l ;
d)   capacité n'excédant pas 150 l ;
e)   température minimale de service supérieure à −50 °C et température maximale de service inférieure à 100 °C pour les récipients en aluminium et inférieure à 150 °C pour les récipients en acier.
Il ne s'applique pas aux récipients destinés à un usage nucléaire, aux récipients installés dans les bateaux et les avions et destinés à leur propulsion et aux extincteurs d'incendie.

Enostavne nekurjene tlačne posode, namenjene za zrak ali dušik - 2. del: Tlačne posode za zračne zavore in pomožne sisteme za motorna vozila in njihove priklopnike

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-Dec-2019
• ICS: 23.020.32 - Pressure vessels
• ICS: 43.040.40 - Braking systems
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 02-Dec-2022
• Due Date: 20-Jan-2023
• Completion Date: 02-Dec-2022
• Directive: 2009/105/EC - DIRECTIVE 2009/105/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 September 2009 relating to simple pressure vessels
• Directive: 2014/29/EU - Directive 2014/29/EU of The European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2016 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of simple pressure vessels
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/86/6 - Standardization request to CEN concerning simple unfired pressure vessels
• Ref Project: FprEN 286-2 - Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 286-2:1998 - Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Revised: SIST EN 286-2:1998 - Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN 286-2:1998 - Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 286-2:2019
01-november-2019
Enostavne neogrevane (nekurjene) tlačne posode, namenjene za zrak ali dušik - 2.
del: Tlačne posode za zračne zavore in pomožne sisteme za motorna vozila in
njihove priklopnike
Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure
vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft oder Stickstoff - Teil 2: Druckbehälter für
Druckluftbremsanlagen und Hilfseinrichtungen in Kraftfahrzeugen und deren
Anhängefahrzeugen
Récipients à pression simples, non soumis à la flamme, destines à contenir de l’air ou de
l’azote - Partie 2 : Récipients à pression pour circuits de freinage et circuits auxiliaires
des véhicules routiers et leurs remorques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 286-2
ICS:
23.020.32 Tlačne posode Pressure vessels
43.040.40 Zavorni sistemi Braking systems
oSIST prEN 286-2:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 286-2:2019


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 286-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

October 2019
ICS Will supersede EN 286-2:1992
English Version

Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or
nitrogen - Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and
auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
Récipients à pression simples, non soumis à la flamme, Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft oder
destines à contenir de l'air ou de l'azote - Partie 2 : Stickstoff - Teil 2: Druckbehälter für
Récipients à pression pour circuits de freinage et Druckluftbremsanlagen und Hilfseinrichtungen in
circuits auxiliaires des véhicules routiers et leurs Kraftfahrzeugen und deren Anhängefahrzeugen
remorques
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 54.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 286-2:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN 286-2:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 10
4 Materials . 12
4.1 Main pressurized parts . 12
4.1.1 Steel vessels. 12
4.1.2 Aluminium vessels . 12
4.1.3 Additional materials and products . 13
4.2 Accessories contributing towards the strength of vessels . 13
4.3 Non-pressurized parts . 13
4.4 Welding consumables . 14
5 Determination of the wall thickness . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Calculation method . 14
5.2.1 Nominal design stress. 14
5.2.2 Nominal thickness . 14
5.2.3 Calculated thickness of shells . 14
5.2.4 Calculated thickness of unpierced dished ends . 14
5.2.5 Calculated thickness of unpierced flat ends . 16
5.2.6 Compensation calculation for cylindrical shells and dished end with openings
(bosses) . 16
5.2.7 Compensation calculation for flat ends . 20
5.3 Experimental method . 23
5.3.1 General . 24
5.3.2 Pressure test . 24
5.3.3 Burst test . 24
6 Construction and fabrication . 24
6.1 Construction . 24
6.1.1 General . 24
6.1.2 Design of openings . 25
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6.1.3 Weld joint design . 25
6.1.4 Inspection openings . 26
6.1.5 Drainage openings . 30
6.1.6 Attachments . 30
6.2 Fabrication . 30
6.2.1 Forming of plates . 30
6.2.2 Tolerances on fit-up . 30
6.2.3 Heat treatment for aluminium alloy . 31
6.2.4 Welding . 31
7 Qualification of welders, welding operators and welding inspectors . 31
8 Qualification of welding procedures . 31
8.1 Welding procedure test . 31
8.2 Requirements . 31
8.2.1 Welded joints on steel . 31
8.2.2 Welded joints on aluminium . 32
9 Resistance to corrosion . 32
9.1 General . 32
9.2 Steel vessels . 32
9.3 Aluminium vessels . 32
10 Tests and certificates . 33
10.1 Tests to be carried out during manufacture . 33
10.1.1 General requirement . 33
10.1.2 Vessels designed by the calculation method . 33
10.1.3 Vessels designed by the experimental method. 38
10.2 Pressure test . 39
11 Marking . 39
12 Operating instructions . 40
Annex A (normative) KV requirements for plate and strip materials (steel) . 41
Annex B (normative) Pressure cycling operation . 43
Annex C (normative) Test of the protection against corrosion . 44
C.1 Test samples . 44
C.2 Grid test of paints . 44
C.3 Salt spray test . 44
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/29/EU aimed to be covered . 46
Bibliography . 47

3

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prEN 286-2:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 286-2:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 286-2:1992.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the EU Directive
2014/29/EU.
For relationship with EU Regulation 2014/29/EU, see the informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
4

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1 Scope
1.1 This document applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially made pressure
vessels, herein after referred to as vessels, designed for air breaking equipment and auxiliary systems
for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which:
a) include fabrication by welding;
b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either:
1) a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having
the same axis of revolution as the shell; or:
2) two dished ends having the same axis of revolution;
c) have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are
welded.
1.2 It applies only to vessels intended to contain compressed air, and which operate within the
following constraints:
a) subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar;
b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made
either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys;
c) maximum working pressure 30 bar, the product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel
(PS ∙ V) is greater than 50 bar litres and not exceeding 1 500 bar litres;
d) capacity not exceeding 150 litres;
e) minimum working temperature not lower than −50 °C and maximum working temperature not
higher than 100 °C.
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for
installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10028-1:2017, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 1: General requirements
EN 10028-2:2017, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels
with specified elevated temperature properties
EN 10207:2017, Steels for simple pressure vessels - Technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and
bars
EN 10216-1:2013, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-
alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
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EN 10217-1:2019, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1:
Electric welded and submerged arc welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature
properties
EN 10217-2:2019, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2:
Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
EN 10222-2:2017, Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 2: Ferritic and martensitic steels with
specified elevated temperatures properties
EN ISO 148-1:2016, Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-
1:2016)
EN ISO 2409:1994, Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test (ISO 2409:1992)
EN ISO 4136:2012, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Transverse tensile test (ISO
4136:2012)
1
EN ISO 5173:2010, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests
EN ISO 5817:2014, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2014)
EN ISO 6520-1:2007, Welding and allied processes - Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic
materials - Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:2007)
EN ISO 6892-1:2016, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO
6892-1:2016)
EN ISO 9227:2017, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2017)
EN ISO 9606-1:2017, Qualification testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels (ISO 9606-1:2012
including Cor 1:2012 and Cor 2:2013)
EN ISO 9606-2:2004, Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium
alloys (ISO 9606-2:2004)
EN ISO 10042:2018, Welding - Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys - Quality levels for
imperfections (ISO 10042:2018)
EN ISO 14341:2011, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc
welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 14341:2010)
EN ISO 14732:2013, Welding personnel - Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732:2013)
EN ISO 15607:2003, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - General
rules (ISO 15607:2003)
EN ISO 15609-1:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -
Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004)

1
As impacted by EN ISO 5173:2010/A1:2011.
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EN ISO 15614-1:2017, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -
Welding procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys
(ISO 15614-1:2017)
EN ISO 15614-2:2005, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -
Welding procedure test - Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 15614-2:2005)
EN ISO 17636-1:2013, Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray
techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2013)
EN ISO 17636-2:2013, Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray
techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)
EN ISO 18273:2015, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes, wires and rods for welding of aluminium and
aluminium alloys - Classification (ISO 18273:2015)
ISO 209:2007, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition
ISO 2107:2007, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Wrought products — Temper designations
ISO 6361-2:2014, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys — Sheets, strips and plates — Part 2:
Mechanical properties
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
type examination
procedure by which a notified body ascertains and certifies that a specimen of a vessel satisfies the
requirements of this document
3.1.2
conformity assessment
procedure adopted at the choice of the manufacturer to check and certify that the manufactured vessels
comply with this document
3.1.3
declaration of conformity
confirmation of the manufacturer that the vessels are in conformity with this document
3.1.4
controlled product test
procedure carried out by a notified body during manufacture to ensure that the manufacturer duly
fulfils the requirements of this document
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3.1.5
design and manufacturing documents
prepared by the manufacturer to describe the construction, materials and fabrication including the
certificates
3.1.6
manufacturer’s inspector
person(s) employed by the manufacturer, but sufficiently independent from the production personnel,
qualified and responsible for inspections, examinations and tests to be carried out on vessels by him or
under his responsibility by competent staff
3.1.7
qualification of the inspector
qualification means technical competency on the different inspections, examinations and tests to be
carried out under the manufacturer’s responsibility, as well as necessary experience
Note 1 to entry: It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ascertain that the inspector is competent
3.1.8
automatic welding
welding in which all the welding parameters are automatically controlled, some of these parameters
may be adjusted to a limited amount (manually or automatically by mechanical or electronic devices)
during welding to maintain the specified welding conditions
3.1.9
non-automatic welding
all types of welding other than that defined in 3.1.8
3.1.10
type of vessel
vessels are of the same type if they simultaneously:
— have similar geometrical form (i.e. shell rings and ends or only ends, in both cases ends of the same
shape);
— have wall material and thickness within the limit of validity of the welding procedure test, including
those for bosses and inspection openings;
— have the same type of bosses and of inspection openings; numbers and positions may vary;
— have the same design temperature limitations
3.1.11
batch
consists at most of 3 000 vessels of the same type
3.1.12
series manufacture
more than one vessel of the same type manufactured during a given period by a continuous
manufacturing process in accordance with a common design and using the same manufacturing process
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3.1.13
family
vessels form part of the same family if they differ only in diameter and/or in the length of their
cylindrical portions
3.1.14
subfamily
vessels of the same family with the same wall thicknesses, the same material, the same welding
procedure, the same construction of details; the vessels may vary in number and position of
attachments and bosses
3.1.15
maximum design temperature
temperature that is used in the design calculations, and which is never less than the maximum working
temperature
3.1.16
minimum design temperature
lowest temperature used in the selection of materials, and which is never greater than the minimum
working temperature
3.1.17
maximum working temperature
T
max
highest stabilized temperature which the wall of the vessel may attain under normal conditions of use
3.1.18
minimum working temperature
T
min
lowest stabilized temperature in the wall of the vessel under normal conditions use
3.1.19
maximum working pressure
PS
maximum gauge pressure which may be exerted under normal conditions of use
3.1.20
design pressure
P
pressure chosen by the manufacturer and used to determine the thickness of the pressurized parts
3.1.21
inspection slip
document by which the producer certifies that the products delivered meet the requirements of the
order and in which they set out the results of the routine in-plant inspection test, in particular chemical
composition and mechanical properties, performed on products made by the same production process
as the supply, but not necessarily on products delivered
Note 1 to entry: This corresponds to test report “2.2” defined in EN 10204.
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3.2 Symbols
For the purpose of this document, the following symbols apply:
A, A Elongation after rupture %
80mm
A , A See 5.2.7. 2
c R mm
A Cross sectional area effective as compensation 2
f mm
A Cross sectional area effective as compensation of the boss 2
fb mm
A Cross-sectional area effective as compensation of the shell 2
fs mm
A Area of pressurized zone 2
p mm
c Absolute value of the negative tolerance taken from the material standard mm
or as stated in the drawing plus the absolute value of the reduction of wall
thickness by the forming process
c As before for a branch or boss mm
b
C Calculation coefficient for unpierced flat ends —
d Diameter of hole mm
d Internal diameter of a boss mm
ib
d Outside diameter of a boss mm
ob
D Inside diameter of an unpierced flat end mm
D Outside diameter of the crown section of a torispherical end measured mm
c
to the tangent between crown and knuckle
D Outside diameter of the shell/ends mm
o
e Nominal wall thickness mm
e Actual wall thickness mm
a
e Actual wall thickness of the shell before the pressure test mm
act
e Actual wall thickness of the end mm
ah
e Actual wall thickness of the shell mm
as
e Calculated thickness mm
c
e Calculated wall thickness of a branch or a fictitious branch with the same mm
cb
internal diameter as the boss
e Calculated wall thickness of the dished end mm
ch
e Calculated wall thickness of the shell mm
cs
e Nominal wall thickness of the dished end mm
h
e e — corresponding nominal wall thickness as stated in the design mm
n act
drawing
e Wall thickness of boss contributing to reinforcement mm
rb
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e Wall thickness of shell contributing to reinforcement mm
rs
e Wall thickness of the shell mm
s
f Nominal design stress 2
N/mm
g Throat thickness of a weld mm
h Height of a dished end mm
h , h , h , h See 5.2.6.1 and Figure 3. mm
b be be1 be2
K Calculation coefficient which depends on the welding process —
c
KCV Failure energy (impact test) 2
J/cm
KV Failure energy (impact test) J
l Length between adjacent bosses mm
b
l Length of boss contributing to reinforcement mm
rb
l Length of shell contributing to reinforcement mm
rs
L See 5.2.7. mm
m See C.3. —
N See 6.1.3.1 and C.3. —
2)
P bar
Design pressure (which shall not be less than PS)
P 1) bar
h Test pressure
PS 1) bar
Maximum working pressure
r Inside knuckle radius for torispherical ends
R Inside radius for shells and ends mm
R Minimum yield strength specified in the material standard 2
e N/mm
R Yield strength of the shell material as determined in the tensile test 2
e act N/mm
R Minimum yield strength at maximum working temperature specified in the 2
eT N/mm
material standard
R Minimum tensile strength specified in the material standard or guaranteed 2
m N/mm
in the inspection slip by the material manufacturer
R Tensile strength of the shell material as determined in
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