ISO/TC 138 - Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the transport of fluids

This document specifies a test method to determine if a fitting will fail in crushing mode under compression before a predefined percentage deformation of moulded fittings for thermoplastics piping systems and provides recommended percentage deformation for fittings (see Annex A). This document applies to fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), high-impact poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-HI), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF), poly(phenyl sulfone) (PPSU) and unplasticized polyamide (PA-U). This document can also be applied to moulded fittings made from other thermoplastics, in which case the test conditions can differ.

This document specifies requirements for pipe and integral joints of higher level of impact resistant PVC-M for the conveyance of water and waste water under pressure. The pipes are intended for installation below and above ground where they are not exposed to direct sunlight. This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods in this document. This document is applicable to extruded PVC-M pipes without a socket and pipes with a socket (integral or not), intended to be used for the following purposes: water mains and services buried in the ground; conveyance of water above ground for both outside and inside buildings; buried and above-ground drainage and sewerage under pressure. This document is applicable to piping systems intended for the supply of water under pressure up to and including 25 °C (cold water) intended for human consumption and for general purposes as well as for waste water under pressure. This document specifies pipes for the conveyance of water and waste water up to and including 45 °C. For temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C, Figure A.1 applies. NOTE 1 The producer and the end-user can come to agreement on the possibilities of use for temperatures above 45 °C on a case-by-case basis This document specifies a range of pipe sizes and pressure classes, and gives requirements concerning colours. NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections concerning pipe sizes, pressure classes and colours, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the selected metals and semi-metals migration from the internal surface of plastics pipes, fittings and joints to be used for the transport of water intended for human consumption by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This document is used to determine the selected metal and semi-metals migration values of lead (Pb), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), barium (Ba), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As). This method is suitable for all plastics pipes, fittings and joints to be used for the transport of water and raw water intended for human consumption.

This document specifies the definitions and requirements for buried circular manholes and inspection chambers installed to a maximum depth of 6 m from ground level to the invert of the main channel and manufactured from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene with mineral modifiers (PP-MD) or polyethylene (PE). These products are intended for use in traffic areas and outside the building structure (application area code “U”) for wastewater (foul wastewater, domestic wastewater, surface water). NOTE 1 Products conforming with this document are also suitable in non-traffic areas. This document is only applicable to those chamber/manhole items where the manufacturer has clearly stated in the documentation how the components must be assembled to create a complete manhole or inspection chamber. The products covered by this document comprise the following: products providing access to the drain or sewer systems by means of inspection and cleaning equipment. products designated as manholes providing additionally human access to the drain or sewer systems. NOTE 2 Manholes and inspection chambers can be subject to national regulations and/or local provisions. NOTE 3 Products conforming with this document can be installed in underground applications without additional static calculations.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation, by means of renovation and trenchless replacement, of underground gas supply networks. It is applicable to polyethylene (PE) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline. This document is applicable to the following technique families for renovation, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: lining with continuous pipes; lining with close-fit pipes. This document is applicable to the following technique families for trenchless replacement, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as a reference temperature: pipe bursting and pipe extraction; horizontal directional drilling and impact moling. This document is applicable to: PE solid wall single layered pipes (nominal outside diameter, dn), including any identification stripes; PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn), as specified in Annex D, where all layers have the same minimum required strength (MRS) rating. Furthermore, when used with lining with continuous pipes and trenchless replacement, this document is applicable to: PE coated pipes (outside diameter, dn) having a peelable, contiguous, thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe (“coated pipe”), as specified in Annex D. NOTE When used with lining with close-fit lining pipes, the lining pipe is reduced in the factory or on site to provide a close-fitting independent or interactive pressure pipe liner. This document is applicable to jointing by means of butt fusion and electrofusion and to fabricated and injection-moulded fittings and mechanical connections of PE. This document is not applicable to push-fit jointed discrete pipes assembled as part of the trenchless installation process.

This document provides a scheme for the assessment of conformity of PE products and assemblies for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines, in accordance with ISO 11300-1 and ISO 11301-1, and intended to be included in the manufacturer’s quality plan as part of the quality management system and for the establishment of certification procedures.

This document provides a scheme for the assessment of conformity of PVC-U products and assemblies for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines, in accordance with ISO 11300-3, and intended to be included in the manufacturer’s quality plan as part of the quality management system and for the establishment of certification procedures.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation, by means of renovation and trenchless replacement, of underground non-pressure and pressure drains and sewers and water supply networks, which transport water intended for human consumption, including raw water pipelines. It is applicable to polyethylene (PE) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline. It is applicable to the following technique families for renovation, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature: lining with continuous pipes; lining with close-fit pipes. This document is applicable to the following technique families for trenchless replacement, intended to be used at an operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature: pipe bursting and pipe extraction; horizontal directional drilling and impact moling. NOTE For applications operating at constant temperatures greater than 20 °C and up to 40 °C, see ISO 4427-1:2019, Annex A. When used with lining with continuous pipes, lining with close-fit pipes and trenchless replacement technique families, this document is applicable to: PE solid wall single layered pipes (nominal outside diameter, dn), including any identification stripes; PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn), as specified in Annex D, where all layers have the same MRS rating. Furthermore, when used with lining with continuous pipes and trenchless replacement this document is applicable to: PE coated pipes (outside diameter, dn) having a peelable, contiguous, thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe (“coated pipe”), as specified in Annex D. This document is applicable to jointing by means of butt fusion and electrofusion and to fabricated and injection-moulded fittings and mechanical connections of PE.

This document establishes the steps of the overall process of pipeline rehabilitation, comprising: strategic and tactical activities: investigation and condition assessment of the existing pipeline; pipeline rehabilitation planning; operational activities: project specification; applications of techniques; documentation of the design and application process. This document defines general terms of pipeline rehabilitation and establishes the classification of families of renovation and trenchless replacement techniques, with description of their respective features. This document is applicable to underground drains and sewers and underground water and gas supply networks. This document does not apply to: new construction provided as network extensions; calculation methods to determine, for each viable technique, the characteristics of lining or replacement pipe material needed to secure the desired performance of the rehabilitated pipeline; techniques providing non-structural pipe liners; techniques for repair.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings which are part of piping systems for the rehabilitation of non-pressure underground drains and sewers. NOTE It is not applicable to use of PVC-U material for rehabilitation of pipes under pressure. It is applicable to unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes, fittings and assemblies, as manufactured and as installed with service temperature not exceeding 35 °C. It is not applicable to the existing pipeline. This document is applicable to the renovation technique family “lining with close-fit pipes”.

This document specifies the required properties of the piping system and its components made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP), based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP) intended to be used for drainage or sewerage without pressure including culverts. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This document is applicable to non-circular GRP-UP pipes, with flexible or rigid joints, primarily intended for use in buried installations but may also be used to reline existing non-circular pipe lines. NOTE 1 GRP-UP includes pipes with vinyl ester liners or made entirely from vinyl ester. NOTE 2 Piping systems conforming to this document can be used also for non-buried applications provided the influence of the environment, e.g. from UV-radiation, and the supports are considered in the design of the pipes, fittings and joints. This document is applicable to pipes, fittings and their joints of nominal sizes from DN 150 to DN 4000, which are intended to be used for the conveyance of surface water or sewage at normal service conditions.

This document specifies a specific method for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of thermoplastics pipes and fittings. It includes the adaption of method B 50 of ISO 306:2022 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h and the procedure for specimen preparation. It includes the particular test conditions for determining the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of unplasticized poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U) or chlorinated poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-C) pipes and fittings, for high impact resistance poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-HI) pipes and for acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylic ester (ASA) pipes and fittings. This document can also be used for pipes and fittings from other materials (e.g. PE-UHMW).

This document specifies methods for determining the initial ring stiffness of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes. Two methods are given (constant load and constant deflection), and within the specified deflection limits, each is equally valid and can be used for any diameter.

This document specifies a test method to assess ductility of the fusion joint interface of polyethylene electrofusion socket assemblies for use in pipe systems for the distribution of fluids. This method is applicable to assemblies, with nominal outside diameters greater than or equal to 90 mm.

This document specifies a method for the evaluation of the ductility of the fusion joint interface of assemblies of polyethylene (PE) pipe and electrofusion saddles, intended for the conveyance of fluids. NOTE The applicability of this method depends upon the design of the saddle. If not applicable, the strip-bend test according to ISO 21751[1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0031000000 ] is considered an alternative.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the strain hardening modulus, which is used as a measure for the resistance to slow crack growth of polyethylene. This document specifies how to obtain a strain hardening modulus measurement from “true stress vs. draw ratio” curves on compression moulded samples. Details of the necessary equipment, precision and sample preparation for the generation of data are given. This document provides a method that is valid for all types of polyethylene, independent from the manufacturing technology, comonomer or catalyst type used for pipes and fittings applications.

This document specifies the characteristics of the fitness for purpose of crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations within buildings for the conveyance of water whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems), and for heating systems, under design pressures and temperatures appropriate to the class of application (see ISO 15875-1:2025, Table 1). This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to herein. This document is applicable to joints between pipes conforming to ISO 15875-2 and fittings made of plastics and non-plastics materials conforming to ISO 15875-3, for hot and cold water installations.

This document specifies the characteristics of pipes for crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations within buildings for the conveyance of water whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems), and for heating systems, under design pressures and temperatures according to the class of application (see ISO 15875-1:2025, Table 1). This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. It is applicable to PE-X pipes with and without barrier layer. This document is applicable to PE-X pipes for hot and cold water installations, which are intended to be connected to fittings conforming to ISO 15875-3, whereby the joints conform to the requirements of ISO 15875-5.

This document specifies the characteristics of fittings for crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations within buildings for the conveyance of water, whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems) and for heating systems under design pressures and temperatures according to the class of application (see ISO 15875-1:—, Table 1). This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to herein. This document is applicable to fittings made from PE-X or other plastics or non-plastics materials, which are intended to be connected to pipes conforming to ISO 15875-2 for hot and cold water installations, whereby the joints conform to the requirements of ISO 15875-5. This document is applicable to fittings of the following types: — mechanical fittings; — electrofusion fittings;

This document specifies the general aspects of crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations within buildings for the conveyance of water, whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems), and for heating systems, under design pressures and temperatures according to the class of application (see REF Table_tab_1 \r \h Table 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0031000000 ). This document also specifies the basis for the test parameters for the test methods referred to in the ISO 15875 series. This document covers a range of service conditions (application classes), design pressures and pipe dimension classes. The ISO 15875 series does not apply to values of design temperature (TD), maximum temperature (Tmax) and malfunction temperature (Tmal), as well as service times in excess of those defined in REF Table_tab_1 \r \h Table 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C0000005400610062006C0065005F007400610062005F0031000000 .

This document specifies a method for determining the long-term pressure endurance of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes, based on the residual failure strength of test pieces after ageing for a specified time at specified internal pressure and temperature. The internal environment is specified in the referring standard. The external environment can be air or water.

This document specifies a method for determining by extrapolation the long-term ultimate ring bending strain and for the calculation of the long-term ultimate relative ring deflection of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes, under wet conditions. Two methods of loading are given, one using plates the other using beam bars.

This document is applicable to two-way or multi-way ball valves manufactured with all types of polypropylene (PP) and chlorinated polyvinylchloride (PVC-C) thermoplastic materials to be used for the transport of pressurized water whether or not intended for human consumption (domestic systems) for applications in buildings and utility branches. NOTE 1 The two-way valve is generally used for sectioning and control of flows, and the multi-way valve is used to divert or mix the flows. For information on their functionality, see ISO 16135:2006, Annex B. NOTE 2 The reader of this document is informed that the water intended for human consumption is subjected to national, regional or local regulatory provisions as applicable. The application classes are indicated in ISO 15874 and ISO 15877 series. This document specifies valve characteristics as follows: — dimensions for assembly in the relevant pipelines, — physical and mechanical requirements. Other materials can fit the scope of this document if the application classes are specified in a material related specific standard. Ball valves specified in this document are not intended to be used in conjunction with pipes made by metallic material and copper alloys.

This document specifies performance requirements for electrofusion control unit (ECU) for use with polyethylene (PE) electrofusion fittings conforming to ISO 4437-3,[ REF Reference_ref_6 \r \h 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0036000000 ]ISO 4427-3[ REF Reference_ref_7 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0037000000 ] and ISO 15494.[ REF Reference_ref_8 \r \h 3 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0038000000 ] NOTE 1 Electrofusion fittings conforming to other documents, e.g. EN 1555-3[ REF Reference_ref_9 \r \h 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0039000000 ] and EN 12201-3,[ REF Reference_ref_10 \r \h 5 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310030000000 ] can also be within the scope of this document. The system designed to manage the transfer of data collected during the fusion process is out of the scope of this document. NOTE 2 Data format and retrieval system are specified in ISO 12176-5. NOTE 3 Parameters for the electrofusion cycle are defined in ISO 13950 and ISO 12176-5. Data for traceability purposes are given in ISO 12176-3, ISO 12176-4 and ISO 12176-5. Electrical safety is out of the scope of this document. NOTE 4 The manufacturer of ECU is informed that different safety regulations are in force in different countries or regional area, e.g.: U.S.A., Europe, etc. ECU designed for only one brand of fittings is out of the scope of this document. Excluding any of the requirements specified in this document is not acceptable when an organization claims conformity to this document.

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on pipes made of a) polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) type I, and b) polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) type II.

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on polysulfone (PSU) injection moulded fittings. This document is applicable for polysulfone homopolymer compounds only.

This document specifies the characteristics of valves made from unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) in accordance with ISO 16486-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels. NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document the term gaseous fuels include for example natural gas, methane, butane, propane, hydrogen, manufactured gas, biogas, and mixtures of these gases. Additional information about the suitability for 100 % hydrogen and its admixtures with natural gas is given by ISO 16486-1:2023, Annex C and Annex D. It is applicable to isolating unidirectional and bi-directional valves with spigot ends or electrofusion sockets intended to be fused with PA-U pipes conforming to ISO 16486-2 and PA-U fittings conforming to ISO 16486-3. This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods it describes. In conjunction with ISO 16486-1, ISO 16486-2, ISO 16486-3 and ISO 16486-5, this document is applicable to PA-U valves and their joints and to joints with components of PA-U and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure (MOP) of up to and including 18 bar1), or limited to 16 bar under regional CEN requirements, at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; NOTE 2 For the purpose of this document and the references to ISO 8233, MOP is considered to be nominal pressure. b) an operating temperature of −20 °C to 40 °C; NOTE 3 For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are specified in ISO 16486-5. This document covers valves for pipes with a nominal outside diameter, dn, ≤400 mm.

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) homopolymer extruded pipes and injection moulded fittings.

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on unplasticized polyamide (PA-U 180) extruded pipes. NOTE 1 PA-U 180 follows ISO 16486-1 in terms of minimum strength values and covers both PA-U11 180 and PA-U12 180. NOTE 2 As there is not test data available for other types of polyamide (e.g. PA-U 160) this document does not currently contain appropriate reference lines for these materials. Future revisions will include other types of polyamide when sufficient test data becomes available.

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) injection moulded fittings.

This document describes a method with two procedures for the assessment of carbon black or pigment particle and agglomerate size, and the rating of dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds. The method is applicable to polyolefin pipes and fittings, as well as raw material in pellet form, with the choice of procedure to be determined by the referring specification. The method is applicable to carbon black or pigmented polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds with a carbon black content of less than 3 % by weight, and pigment content of less than 5 % by weight.

This document specifies the characteristics and requirements for a piping system and its components, made from unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) intended to be used for thermoplastics piping systems in industrial applications above and below ground. NOTE 1 Requirements applying to industrial valves are given in this document and in other standards. This document is applicable to PA-U pipes, fittings, valves and their joints, and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastic materials, depending on their suitability, intended to be used for the conveyance of liquid and gaseous fluids as well as solid matter in fluids for industrial applications such as the following: — transport of oil, gaseous fuels and multiphase mixtures (exploration and production; general purpose hydrocarbon-based fluids); — transport of renewable gases (hydrogen, biomethane); — transport of contaminated sewer (e.g. contaminated with hydrocarbons); — transport of CO2 [carbon capture and utilisation or storage (CCUS)]. NOTE 2 National regulations can apply. NOTE 3 Other application areas are possible if the requirements of this document and/or applicable national requirements are fulfilled. Characteristics and requirements which are applicable for PA-U are covered by the relevant clauses of this document. Those characteristics and requirements which are dependent on the material are given in the relevant normative Annex A.

This document describes the time of flight diffraction (TOFD) testing of polyethylene butt fusion (BF) joints, including pipe-to-pipe, pipe-to-fitting and fitting-to-fitting joints, used for the conveyance of fluids. This document provides a test to detect imperfections such as voids, inclusions, lack of fusions, misalignment and particulate contamination in the BF joints. The document only applies to polyethylene pipes and fittings without a barrier to ultrasonic waves. This document also provides requirements for procedure qualification and guidance for personnel qualifications, which are essential for applying this test technique. This document covers the equipment, the preparation and performance of the test, the indication assessment and the reporting for polyethylene BF joints. Acceptance criteria are not covered in this document. NOTE 1 At present, laboratory experiences exist on the use of TOFD for polyethylene butt fusion joints and/or reference blocks of wall thickness between 8 mm to 100 mm.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Field experience on butt fusion joints in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes has been reported.[7] NOTE 2 Interlaboratory testing has shown that TOFD is a viable method for enhancing the integrity assessment of butt fusion joints.[13]

This document specifies the physical and mechanical properties of fittings made from unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) in accordance with ISO 16486-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. The ISO 16486 series is applicable to PA-U piping systems, the components of which are connected by fusion jointing and/or mechanical jointing. In particular, this document lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of fittings. In conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 16486 series, this document is applicable to PA-U fittings, their joints, joints with components of PA-U and joints with mechanical fittings of other materials, and to the following fitting types: — fusion fittings (electrofusion fittings and butt fusion fittings), and — transition fittings.

This document specifies the physical and mechanical properties of pipes made from unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) in accordance with ISO 16486-1, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. The ISO 16486 series is applicable to PA-U piping systems, the components of which are connected by fusion jointing and/or mechanical jointing. In particular, this document lays down dimensional characteristics and requirements for the marking of pipes. Pipes conforming to this document are jointed typically by using mechanical, electrofusion or butt fusion techniques.

This document specifies the requirements of the fitness for purpose of pipes or fittings assemblies or both made from short glass fibre reinforced polyethylene (PE-sGF) piping systems manufactured by the spiral cross winding method used below ground for the conveyance of fluids in the following industrial and agricultural contexts: — chemical plants; — industrial sewerage engineering; — power engineering (cooling and general-purpose water supply); — agricultural production plants; — water treatment; — small hydraulic power plants (general-purpose water supply). This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods it references. In conjunction with other parts of the ISO 22101 series, this document is applicable to PE-sGF pipes, fittings, their joints and joints with components of PE-sGF or other materials, intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum allowable operating pressure (PFA) up to and including 25 bar;1) b) operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature. NOTE For other operating temperatures, guidance is given in ISO/PAS 22101-1:2022, Annex A. This document is applicable to pipes with an inside diameter of 200 mm to 1 000 mm with integrated socket and spigot fusion joint. 1) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies the fittings made from short glass fibre reinforced polyethylene (PE-sGF) manufactured by the spiral cross winding method used below ground for the conveyance of fluids in the following industrial and agricultural contexts: — chemical plants; — industrial sewerage engineering; — power engineering (cooling and general-purpose water supply); — agricultural production plants; — water treatment; — small hydraulic power plants (general-purpose water supply). This document also specifies the test parameters for the test methods it references. In conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 22101 series, this document is applicable to PE-sGF fittings, and to joints with components of PE-sGF or other materials, intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum allowable operating pressure (PFA) up to and including 25 bar;1) b) an operating temperature of 20 °C as the reference temperature. NOTE 1 For other operating temperatures, guidance is given in ISO/PAS 22101-1:2022, Annex A. This document covers a range of maximum allowable operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours and additives. NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national guidance or regulations and installation practices or codes. This document is applicable to fittings of the following types: — electrofusion socket fittings; — loose backing flanges and flange adapters; — fabricated fittings (see Annex A). 1) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies a method for determining the long-term sealing pressure of elastomeric seals in assembled joints for buried non-pressure sewerage plastics piping and ducting systems.

This document specifies procedures suitable for the analysis of data which, when converted into logarithms of the values, have either a normal or a skewed distribution. It is intended for use with test methods and referring standards for glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes or fittings for the analysis of properties as a function of time. However, it can also be used for the analysis of other data. Two methods are specified, which are used depending on the nature of the data. Extrapolation using these techniques typically extends a trend from data gathered over a period of approximately 10 000 h to a prediction of the property at 50 years, which is the typical maximum extrapolation time. This document only addresses the analysis of data. The test procedures for collecting the data, the number of samples required and the time period over which data are collected are covered by the referring standards and/or test methods. Clause 6 discusses how the data analysis methods are applied to product testing and design.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the opening, closing and running torque of thermoplastics valves. This document is applicable to all types of manually operable thermoplastics valves, with or without actuator, intended to be used for the transport of fluids. NOTE 1 Examples of valve types tested with this method are in ISO 4437-4, ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, ISO 16486-4, ISO 21787, EN 1555-4[13] and EN 12201-4 [14]. This document does not specify the relationship between the torque and its possible increase after prolonged use of the valve under a specific working condition or wear/chemical aggression of the materials. NOTE 2 Concerning the chemical aggression of the materials, a collection of data is reported in ISO/TR 10358 concerning the endurance test necessary to confirm the ability of hand-operated plastics valves to withstand prolonged use with repeated opening and closing operations. Further information is provided in ISO 8659.

This document describes the phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene butt fusion (BF) joints, including pipe-to-pipe, pipe-to-fitting and fitting-to-fitting joints, used for the conveyance of fluids. This document provides a test, whereby the presence of imperfections such as voids, inclusions, lack of fusions, misalignment and particulate contamination in the BF joints can be detected. The document is only applicable to polyethylene pipes and fittings without a barrier to ultrasonic waves. This document also provides requirements for procedure qualification and guidance for personnel qualifications, which are essential for the application of this test technique. This document also covers the equipment, the preparation and performance of the test, the indication assessment and the reporting for polyethylene BF joints. Acceptance criteria are not covered in this document.

This document specifies the characteristics of fusion fittings made from polyethylene (PE) as well as of mechanical fittings for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with ISO 4437-1, ISO 4437-2, ISO 4437-4 and ISO 4437-5, this document is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure (MOP), up to and including 10 bar[1], at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between −20 °C and 40 °C. For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in ISO 4437-5. The ISO 4437 series covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This document is applicable for fittings of the following types: — electrofusion socket fittings; — electrofusion saddle fittings; — spigot end fittings (for butt fusion using heated tools and electrofusion socket fusion); — socket fusion fittings; — mechanical fittings. NOTE 1 The fittings can be, for example, in the form of couplers, saddles, equal and reduced tees, reducers, elbows, bends or end caps. NOTE 2 Fabricated fittings are normally not used for gas applications except for larger dimensions or in the absence of other solutions. Guidance can be found in ISO 4427-3:2019, Annex B. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies the characteristics of pipes made from polyethylene (PE) for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with ISO 4437-1, ISO 4437-3, ISO 4437-4 and ISO 4437-5, this document is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure (MOP), up to and including 10 bar[1], at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between −20 °C and 40 °C. For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in ISO 4437-5. The ISO 4437 series covers a range of MOPs and gives requirements concerning colours. This document is applicable to three types of pipes: — PE pipes (outside diameter, dn) including any identification stripes; — PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and/or inside of the pipe (total outside diameter, dn) as specified in Annex A, where all PE layers have the same MRS rating; — PE pipes (outside diameter, dn) with a peelable and contiguous thermoplastics additional layer on the outside of the pipe ("coated pipe") as specified in Annex B. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies the requirements of fitness for purpose of assembled polyethylene (PE) piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. It specifies the requirements for electrofusion, socket fusion, butt fusion and mechanical joints. It specifies the method of preparation of test piece joints and the tests to be carried out on these joints for assessing the fitness for purpose of the system under normal and extreme conditions. It specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. This document is intended to be used only by the product manufacturer and test laboratories to assess the performance of components in accordance with ISO 4437-2, ISO 4437-3 and ISO 4437-4 when joined together under normal and extreme conditions in accordance with this document. It is not intended for on-site testing of pipe systems. In conjunction with ISO 4437-1, ISO 4437-2, ISO 4437-3 and ISO 4437-4, this document is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure (MOP), up to and including 10 bar[1], at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between −20 °C and 40 °C. For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in Annex A. The ISO 4437 series covers a range of MOPs and gives requirements concerning colours. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies materials and the general aspects of polyethylene (PE) piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with ISO 4437-2, ISO 4437-3, ISO 4437-4 and ISO 4437-5, this document is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure (MOP) up to and including 10 bar[1], at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between −20 °C and 40 °C. For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in ISO 4437-5. The ISO 4437 series covers a range of MOPs and gives requirements concerning colours. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies the characteristics of solid-wall pipes made of oriented unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) for piping systems intended to be used underground or above-ground (where protected from direct sunlight), for water supply, buried drainage, sewerage, treated wastewater and irrigation under pressure. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with ISO 16422-1 and ISO 16422-5, this document is applicable to oriented PVC-O pipes, with or without integral socket, intended to be used for the following: a) water mains and services lines; b) conveyance of water for both outside and inside buildings; c) drainage, sewerage and treated wastewater under pressure; d) irrigation under pressure. This document is applicable to piping systems intended for the supply of water under pressure up to and including 25 °C (cold water), intended for human consumption and for general purposes as well as for wastewater under pressure. This document is also applicable to components for the conveyance of water and wastewater up to and including 45 °C. For temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C, see Figure C.1. The piping system according to this document is intended for the conveyance of cold water up to pressures of 25 bar[1] and especially in those applications where special performance requirements are needed, such as impact loads and pressure fluctuations, up to pressure of 25 bar. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2

This document specifies the characteristics of the fitness for purpose of oriented unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) solid wall piping intended to be used underground or above-ground where protected from direct sunlight, for water supply, buried drainage, sewerage, treated wastewater and irrigation under pressure. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. This document is not intended for on-site testing of pipe systems. In conjunction with ISO 16422-1, ISO 16422-2, ISO/TS 16422-3 and ISO 1452-3, this document is applicable to PVC-O pipes and PVC-O fittings, as well as to their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastics materials intended to be used for the following: a) water mains and services lines; b) conveyance of water for both outside and inside buildings; c) drainage, sewerage and treated wastewater under pressure; d) irrigation under pressure. This document is applicable to piping systems intended for the supply of water under pressure up to and including 25 °C (cold water), intended for human consumption and for general purposes as well as for wastewater under pressure. This document is also applicable to components for the conveyance of water and wastewater up to and including 45 °C. For temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C, see ISO 16422-2:2023, Figure C.1. The piping system according to this document is intended for the conveyance of cold water up to pressures of 25 bar[1] and especially in those applications where special performance requirements are needed, such as impact loads and pressure fluctuations, up to pressure of 25 bar. [1] 1 bar= 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa= 1 N/mm2

This document specifies the general characteristics of solid-wall pipes made of oriented unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) for piping systems intended to be used underground or above-ground (where protected from direct sunlight), for water supply, buried drainage, sewerage, treated waste water and irrigation under pressure. In conjunction with ISO 16422-2, ISO/TS 16422-3, ISO 16422-5 and ISO 1452-4, this document is applicable to PVC-O pipes and PVC-O fittings, as well as to valves, their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastics materials intended to be used for the following: a) water mains and services lines; b) conveyance of water for both outside and inside buildings; c) drainage, sewerage and treated wastewater under pressure; d) irrigation under pressure. This document is applicable to piping systems intended for the supply of water under pressure up to and including 25 °C (cold water), intended for human consumption and for general purposes as well as for wastewater under pressure. This document is also applicable to components for the conveyance of water and wastewater up to and including 45 °C. For temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C, see ISO 16422-2:2023, Figure C.1. The piping system according to this document is intended for the conveyance of cold water up to pressures of 25 bar[1] and especially in those applications where special performance requirements are needed, such as impact loads and pressure fluctuations, up to pressure of 25 bar. [1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2

This document specifies the general properties of unplasticized polyamide (PA-U) compounds for the manufacture of pipes, fittings and valves made from these compounds, intended to be buried and used for the supply of gaseous fuels. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods to which it refers. The ISO 16486 series is applicable to PA-U piping systems, the components of which are connected by fusion jointing and/or mechanical jointing. This document establishes a calculation and design scheme on which to base the maximum operating pressure (MOP) of a PA-U piping system. NOTE For the purpose of this document the term gaseous fuels includes, for example, natural gas, methane, butane, propane, hydrogen, manufactured gas, biogas, and mixtures of these gases.

This document describes phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene electrofusion (EF) socket joints used for the conveyance of fluids. This document provides a test whereby the presence of imperfections such as voids, wire dislocation, misalignment, pipe under-penetration, particulate contamination and lack of fusion in electrofusion socket joints can be detected. The technique is only applicable to polyethylene electrofusion socket fittings without a barrier to ultrasonic waves. This document also provides requirements for procedure qualification and guidance for personnel qualifications, which are essential for the application of this test technique. This document covers the test equipment, the preparation and performance of the test, the assessment of indications and the reporting for polyethylene EF joints. Acceptance criteria are not covered in this document. NOTE 1 At the time of publication, experience only exists in the use of PAUT for polyethylene (PE80 and PE100) electrofusion socket joint sizes between 90 mm and 710 mm (SDR 11 and 17).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] NOTE 2 Interlaboratory testing has shown that PAUT is a viable method for enhancing the integrity assessment of electrofusion joints.[8][15][16] NOTE 3 This document does not apply to the detection of unscraped pipe. Such detection can be achieved by simple visual testing, provided mechanical scraping tools are employed. NOTE 4 PAUT techniques for cold fusion detection are known to be available. However further research verification and experience are needed to transfer the technique into an ISO International Standard. This document does not provide any information regarding the detection of cold fusions.