89/109/EEC - Materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs
Council Directive 89/109/EEC establishes a harmonized legal framework for materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs within the European Community. It aims to ensure free movement of these materials while protecting human health by preventing substances from migrating into food in harmful quantities or altering food composition or sensory properties. The Directive sets general principles requiring good manufacturing practices and introduces specific directives for various groups of materials such as plastics, ceramics, glass, metals, and textiles. These specific directives may include positive lists of authorized substances, purity standards, migration limits, and conditions of use. The Directive also mandates appropriate labeling to inform users and requires Member States to prohibit trade of non-compliant materials, with transitional periods for implementation. It provides mechanisms for national temporary restrictions if health risks arise and procedures for Commission adoption and amendment of detailed measures. The Directive excludes materials forming part of food that are consumed with it, antiques, and fixed water supply equipment, and does not apply to exports outside the Community.
Purpose
Council Directive 89/109/EEC aims to harmonize the laws of EU Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. The directive seeks to ensure the free movement of these goods within the Common Market by eliminating legal disparities that could hinder trade or create unfair competition. It primarily focuses on safeguarding human health by ensuring that materials and articles do not transfer harmful substances to food or adversely affect food composition and sensory characteristics. The directive establishes a framework of general principles upon which more detailed, specific directives can be based for various types of materials.
Key Obligations
Compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice: Materials and articles must be produced so they do not transfer constituents to food in quantities that could endanger human health or alter food composition or organoleptic (sensory) characteristics under normal or foreseeable use (Article 2).
Specific Directives for Material Groups: Specific detailed rules (e.g., positive lists of authorized substances, purity criteria, special use conditions, migration limits, health protections) are to be established per material category as listed in Annex I. These are adopted via a procedure involving the Commission and Member States (Article 3).
National Authorizations and Inclusion in Positive Lists: Member States may temporarily authorize use of substances not on EU positive lists for up to two years, subject to official checks and distinctive marking, and may request inclusion of such substances in EU lists (Article 4).
Safeguard Clause: Member States may temporarily restrict or suspend use of materials that endanger health despite complying with specific directives, pending Commission review and possible amendment of EU rules (Article 5).
Labelling Requirements: Materials not yet in contact with food must be labeled with clear indications such as “for food use” or specific use descriptions, manufacturer identification, and any special usage conditions. These labels must be clear, legible, and indelible (Article 6).
Market Access and Trade Restrictions: Member States must permit trade in compliant materials and articles and prohibit non-compliant ones after defined transitional periods (Article 7, 11).
Consultation with Scientific Committee for Food: Provisions affecting public health require prior consultation with the Scientific Committee for Food to ensure scientific soundness.
Affected Products and Actors
Scope of Materials and Articles: Covers all finished materials and articles intended to be in contact with foodstuffs, or which intentionally contact food directly or indirectly, including contact with water for human consumption (except fixed water supply equipment). Examples of groups include plastics, regenerated cellulose, elastomers, paper and board, ceramics, glass, metals, wood, textiles, paraffin and micro-crystalline waxes (Annex I).
Excluded Materials: The Directive does not apply to substances covering or coating food that themselves form part of the food and may be consumed together with it (e.g., cheese rinds coatings), antiques, and materials intended for export outside the Community (Articles 1, 12).
Actors: Manufacturers, importers, processors, and sellers within the EU market must comply with manufacturing, labelling, and authorization obligations established in the Directive.
Implementation Timeline
Notification: Member States were to inform the Commission of the measures taken to comply immediately after adoption (Article 11).
Transitional Periods:
- 18 months after notification: Trade in and use of compliant materials and articles must be permitted across Member States.
- 36 months after notification: Trade in and use of non-compliant materials and articles must be prohibited.
These timelines provide a transitional phase to allow adaptation by economic operators and authorities.
This directive establishes the foundational legal framework for ensuring food safety related to materials in contact with food, enabling subsequent specific directives to regulate distinct material groups in detail.
This Directive applies to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs in their finished state, or which are brought into contact with foodstuffs and intended for that purpose. It also covers materials and articles in contact with water intended for human consumption, excluding fixed public or private water supply equipment. The Directive does not apply to covering or coating substances that form part of foodstuffs and are consumed along with them, nor does it apply to antiques. The scope includes various groups of materials such as plastics, regenerated cellulose, elastomers, rubber, paper and board, ceramics, glass, metals and alloys, wood including cork, textile products, paraffin waxes, and micro-crystalline waxes, which are subject to specific directives to ensure safety and prevent health risks. The materials and articles must be manufactured to prevent harmful transfer of substances to the food or unacceptable changes in the food's composition or sensory properties.
Die Richtlinie 89/109/EWG zielt auf die Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften der EU-Mitgliedstaaten bezüglich Materialien und Gegenständen ab, die mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen oder dafür bestimmt sind. Sie legt fest, dass diese Bedarfsgegenstände so hergestellt sein müssen, dass sie unter vorhersehbaren Nutzungsbedingungen keine Bestandteile in Mengen an Lebensmitteln abgeben dürfen, die die menschliche Gesundheit gefährden oder die Zusammensetzung und sensorischen Eigenschaften der Lebensmittel unvertretbar verändern. Die Richtlinie sieht einen Rahmen für die Erstellung spezifischer Einzelrichtlinien vor, die u. a. Positivlisten der erlaubten Stoffe, Reinheitsanforderungen, Migrationsgrenzwerte sowie Kontroll- und Etikettierungsvorschriften enthalten. Mitgliedstaaten dürfen den Handel mit konformen Bedarfsgegenständen nicht einschränken, es sei denn, es bestehen neue Erkenntnisse zur Gefährdung der Gesundheit. Die Richtlinie regelt auch vorübergehende nationale Zulassungen und das Verfahren zur Einbeziehung neuer Stoffe in Positivlisten unter Berücksichtigung wissenschaftlicher Bewertungen. Damit trägt sie wesentlich zum Schutz der Verbraucher und zur Förderung des freien Warenverkehrs im Binnenmarkt bei.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 89/109/EWG hat das Ziel, die Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten hinsichtlich Materialien und Gegenständen, die dazu bestimmt sind, mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung zu kommen („Bedarfsgegenstände“), anzugleichen. Damit soll der freie Warenverkehr im Binnenmarkt erleichtert und der Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit gewährleistet werden. Die Richtlinie legt allgemeine Grundsätze fest, nach denen Bedarfsgegenstände so hergestellt sein müssen, dass sie unter den üblichen oder vorhersehbaren Bedingungen keine schädlichen Stoffe in Mengen an Lebensmittel abgeben, die die Gesundheit gefährden oder die Zusammensetzung bzw. sensorische Eigenschaften der Lebensmittel unvertretbar verändern.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
- Herstellung und Sicherheit: Bedarfsgegenstände müssen so gefertigt sein, dass sie keine Bestandteile in die Lebensmittel abgeben, die die Gesundheit gefährden oder eine unvertretbare Veränderung der Lebensmittel bewirken (Art. 2).
- Einzelrichtlinien: Für bestimmte Materialgruppen gibt es oder werden besondere Einzelrichtlinien erlassen, die u.a. Positivlisten zugelassener Stoffe und ihre Reinheitsanforderungen enthalten (Art. 3).
- Vorübergehende Zulassungen: Mitgliedstaaten können für nicht in Positivlisten enthaltene Stoffe Ausnahmen unter strengen Bedingungen und zeitlich beschränkt zulassen (Art. 4).
- Schutzmaßnahmen: Bei neuen Erkenntnissen über Risiken kann ein Mitgliedstaat den Gebrauch bestimmter Bedarfsgegenstände vorübergehend einschränken; die Kommission prüft und veranlasst ggf. Änderungen der Einzelrichtlinien (Art. 5).
- Etikettierung: Bedarfsgegenstände müssen beim Inverkehrbringen eindeutige Angaben über ihre Eignung für den Lebensmittelkontakt, etwa Verwendungszweck, Hersteller, und besondere Nutzungsbedingungen enthalten (Art. 6).
- Marktzugang: Mitgliedstaaten dürfen den Handel und die Verwendung von bedarfsgegenständen, die der Richtlinie und den Einzelrichtlinien entsprechen, nicht verbieten oder beschränken (Art. 7).
- Überwachung der Einhaltung: Es sind Kontrollregeln und Prüfmethoden hinsichtlich Stoffübergängen auf Lebensmittel zu etablieren.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
- Produkte: Materialien und Gegenstände, die als Fertigerzeugnisse zum Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln bestimmt sind oder bestimmungsgemäß damit in Kontakt kommen, einschließlich Kunststoffe, Cellulose, Elastomere, Papier, Keramik, Glas, Metalle, Holz, Textilien, Paraffin und Wachs (Anhang I).
- Nicht betroffen: Überzugsstoffe, die mit Lebensmitteln verzehrt werden, Antiquitäten, ortsfeste Wasserversorgungsanlagen.
- Akteure: Hersteller, Importeure und Händler von Bedarfsgegenständen; nationale Behörden für Überwachung und Kontrolle; Europäische Kommission für Umsetzung und Anpassung.
Zeitplan für die Umsetzung
- Durchführung: Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen bis spätestens 18 Monate nach Veröffentlichung der Richtlinie Maßnahmen zum Zulassen von Bedarfsgegenständen gemäß der Richtlinie treffen (Art. 11).
- Verbot nicht konformer Waren: Der Verkauf und die Verwendung von Bedarfsgegenständen, die den Vorschriften nicht entsprechen, sind spätestens 36 Monate nach Bekanntgabe der Richtlinie zu untersagen.
- Fortlaufende Anpassungen: Änderungen an Einzelrichtlinien erfolgen nach einem festgelegten Verfahren unter Beteiligung eines Ständigen Lebensmittelausschusses und unter Berücksichtigung der öffentlichen Gesundheit (Art. 9).
Diese Rahmenrichtlinie bildet die Basis zur Harmonisierung für Materialien im Lebensmittelkontakt in der EU und steuert über Einzelrichtlinien die spezifischen Anforderungen je Materialgruppe, um Sicherheit und freien Markt zu sichern.
Die Richtlinie 89/109/EWG gilt für Materialien und Gegenstände, die als Fertigerzeugnisse dazu bestimmt sind, mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung zu kommen oder die bestimmungsgemäß mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen („Bedarfsgegenstände“). Ausgenommen sind Überzugsstoffe, die mit Lebensmitteln ein Ganzes bilden und mitverzehrt werden können, sowie Antiquitäten. Die Richtlinie umfasst auch Bedarfsgegenstände, die mit zum menschlichen Verzehr bestimmtem Wasser in Kontakt kommen, jedoch nicht ortsfeste öffentliche oder private Wasserversorgungsanlagen. Ziel ist es, sicherzustellen, dass diese Materialien und Gegenstände so inert sind, dass sie keine Bestandteile an Lebensmittel abgeben, die die menschliche Gesundheit gefährden oder die Zusammensetzung beziehungsweise die organoleptischen Eigenschaften der Lebensmittel unvertretbar verändern könnten. Die Richtlinie regelt ferner die Herstellung, Kennzeichnung sowie Überwachungsmaßnahmen und schließt unterschiedliche Materialgruppen wie Kunststoffe, Keramik, Metalle, Holz und Textilien ein.
La directive 89/109/CEE vise à harmoniser les législations des États membres concernant les matériaux et objets destinés à entrer en contact avec des denrées alimentaires, afin de garantir la libre circulation de ces produits au sein du marché commun tout en assurant la protection de la santé humaine. Elle établit des principes généraux selon lesquels tous les matériaux doivent être suffisamment inertes pour ne pas céder aux aliments des substances en quantités pouvant présenter un danger sanitaire, modifier leur composition ou altérer leurs propriétés organoleptiques. La directive prévoit l’élaboration de directives spécifiques pour différents groupes de matériaux (plastiques, papiers, métaux, etc.), définissant les substances autorisées, les limites de migration, les conditions d’emploi et les règles d’étiquetage. Elle introduit aussi une procédure quadripartite de contrôle et d’autorisation des substances, favorisant une révision rapide des mesures en cas de risque pour la santé publique. L’étiquetage obligatoire doit informer clairement le consommateur et garantir la traçabilité. La directive exclut les matériaux ingérés avec les denrées, les antiquités, ainsi que les matériaux destinés à l’export hors CEE. Les États membres doivent adopter les mesures nécessaires sous des délais précis pour assurer la conformité.
Objet
La directive 89/109/CEE vise à harmoniser les législations des États membres de l'Union européenne concernant les matériaux et objets destinés à entrer en contact, directement ou indirectement, avec des denrées alimentaires. L'objectif est de garantir la libre circulation de ces produits au sein du marché commun tout en protégeant la santé humaine et en évitant toute modification inacceptable de la composition ou des caractéristiques organoleptiques des aliments.
Obligations principales
Conformité à de bonnes pratiques de fabrication : Les matériaux et objets doivent être fabriqués de façon à ne pas libérer dans les denrées alimentaires des substances en quantités susceptibles de présenter un danger pour la santé, de modifier la composition des aliments ou d’altérer leurs caractéristiques organoleptiques.
Respect des directives spécifiques : Les groupes de matériaux listés en annexe I (ex. plastiques, céramique, verre, métaux, bois, textiles, etc.) sont soumis à des directives particulières qui précisent notamment les substances autorisées (listes positives), leurs critères de pureté, conditions d’emploi, limites de migration, prescriptions sanitaires, et méthodes d’analyse.
Étiquetage obligatoire : Les matériaux et objets doivent porter une désignation claire indiquant leur aptitude au contact alimentaire (mention "pour contact alimentaire", "convient pour aliments", un symbole spécifique, ou une mention relative à l’usage), ainsi que les conditions particulières d’emploi et l’identité du fabricant, transformateur ou vendeur. L’étiquetage doit être visible, lisible et indélébile, adapté aux différents stades de commercialisation.
Contrôle et autorisations nationales temporaires : En cas d’absence d’une substance sur la liste positive, un État membre peut, sous conditions strictes et pour une durée maximale de deux ans, autoriser son usage national en exerçant un contrôle officiel et en exigeant une indication particulière sur le produit. La Commission est informée et une inscription permanente peut être demandée.
Mesures de sauvegarde : Un État membre constatant un risque pour la santé humaine peut suspendre ou restreindre provisoirement l’usage de certains matériaux conformes à la directive spécifique, en informant la Commission et les autres États membres. La Commission évalue la situation et peut proposer des modifications réglementaires.
Interdiction des restrictions nationales non justifiées : Les États membres ne peuvent interdire ou restreindre le commerce des matériaux conformes à la directive ou à ses directives spécifiques que dans les cas prévus expressément.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Produits : Tous les matériaux et objets, à l’état fini, destinés à entrer en contact avec des denrées alimentaires (directement ou via un contact indirect, tel que les emballages) y compris l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine (hors installations fixes de distribution d’eau). Sont exclus les matériaux d’enduit/ enrobage intégrés aux denrées (ex. croûtes de fromage), les antiquités, et les matériaux destinés à l’export hors de la Communauté.
Acteurs concernés : Fabricants, transformateurs, distributeurs et vendeurs de matériaux et objets de contact alimentaire, États membres pour le contrôle et la mise en œuvre des mesures nationales, Commission européenne pour l’adoption des directives spécifiques et le contrôle de la coordination.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
Notification de la directive aux États membres : 10 janvier 1989.
Conformité obligatoire au plus tard 18 mois après notification : Les États membres doivent autoriser le commerce et l’utilisation des matériaux et objets conformes à la directive.
Interdiction obligatoire au plus tard 36 mois après notification : Les matériaux et objets non conformes doivent être retirés du commerce et leur utilisation interdite.
Procédures permanentes : Adoption et modification des directives spécifiques suivant la procédure de comitologie prévue à l’article 9, avec consultation obligatoire du comité scientifique de l’alimentation humaine pour les aspects sanitaires.
Cette directive établit un cadre général pour la sécurité des matériaux en contact avec les aliments, garantissant ainsi une protection sanitaire homogène tout en facilitant le fonctionnement du marché intérieur européen.
La directive 89/109/CEE s’applique aux matériaux et objets, à l’état de produits finis, destinés à être mis en contact ou effectivement mis en contact, conformément à leur destination, avec des denrées alimentaires. Cela inclut également les matériaux et objets en contact avec l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine, à l’exception des installations fixes publiques ou privées servant à la distribution d’eau. Sont exclus de cette directive les matériaux d’enrobage ou d’enduit formant corps avec les aliments et susceptibles d’être consommés avec eux, ainsi que les antiquités. Les groupes concernés comprennent des matériaux tels que les matières plastiques, celluloses régénérées, élastomères, papiers, cartons, céramiques, verre, métaux, bois, textiles, et certaines cires. La directive vise à harmoniser les législations nationales afin d’assurer la libre circulation, tout en protégeant la santé humaine contre les risques éventuels liés au contact alimentaire.
Direktiva 89/109/EGS ureja približevanje zakonodaje držav članic glede materialov in izdelkov, ki so namenjeni neposrednemu ali posrednemu stiku z živili. Cilj je zagotoviti, da ti materiali ne oddajajo snovi v količinah, ki ogrožajo zdravje ljudi ali povzročajo nesprejemljive spremembe v sestavi in kakovosti živil. Direktiva določa osnovna načela izdelave materialov v skladu z dobro proizvodno prakso ter zahteve glede označevanja in sledljivosti. Uveljavlja sistem posebnih direktiv za različne skupine materialov, kot so plastika, steklo, kovine in drugi, ki vključujejo sezname dovoljenih snovi, omejitve prehajanja ter druge varnostne ukrepe. Države članice lahko za nekatere snovi podelijo začasna dovoljenja ob ustreznem nadzoru, Komisija pa sprejema morebitne posodobitve po posvetovanju z Znanstvenim odborom za živila. Direktiva spodbuja prost pretok materialov znotraj EU ter varuje zdravje potrošnikov z usklajenimi standardi za materiale v stiku z živili.
Namen
Direktiva Sveta 89/109/EGS z dne 21. decembra 1988 ureja približevanje zakonodaje držav članic o materialih in izdelkih, namenjenih za stik z živili. Namen direktive je zagotoviti prosti pretok takih materialov in izdelkov znotraj Evropske skupnosti, hkrati pa zaščititi zdravje ljudi in preprečiti nesprejemljive spremembe v sestavi živil ali poslabšanje njihovih organoleptičnih lastnosti. Direktiva določa osnovna načela in merila za ocenjevanje varnosti materialov, ki so v neposrednem ali posrednem stiku z živili, ter določa okvir za sprejemanje posebnih direktiv za različne skupine materialov.
Ključne obveznosti
Materiali in izdelki morajo biti izdelani v skladu z dobro proizvodno prakso, tako da ne povzročajo prehajanja sestavin v živila v količinah, ki bi lahko ogrožale zdravje ljudi ali poslabšale kakovost živil.
Vzpostavitev posebnih direktiv za posamezne skupine materialov in izdelkov, ki lahko določajo:
- Pozitivne sezname dovoljenih snovi,
- Standarde čistosti snovi,
- Posebne pogoje uporabe,
- Omejitve prehajanja sestavin v živila,
- Pravila preverjanja skladnosti in metode analiz,
- Zaščitne ukrepe za varovanje zdravja.
Možnost začasnih dovoljenj na nacionalni ravni za uporabo snovi, ki še niso vključene v pozitivni seznam, vendar morajo biti takšna dovoljenja omejena na največ dve leti in podvržena uradnemu nadzoru.
Obvezno označevanje materialov in izdelkov, ki so namenjeni stiku z živili ali so v stiku z njimi, z informacijami, kot so primeren zapis ("primerno za živila"), posebni pogoji uporabe, identifikacija proizvajalca ali prodajalca ter navedba v jeziku, ki ga potrošniki razumejo.
Možnost začasne omejitve ali prepovedi uporabe materialov na nacionalni ravni, če obstajajo utemeljeni dokazi o nevarnosti za zdravje ljudi. O takšnih ukrepih države članice obvestijo Komisijo in druge države članice.
Skladnost s posebnimi direktivami in možnost kritičnega pregleda obstoječih in novih snovi z znanstvenim ocenjevanjem Znanstvenega odbora za živila.
Zagotavljanje sodelovanja med državami članicami in Komisijo preko Stalnega odbora za živila za sprejemanje tehničnih izvedbenih ukrepov.
Vplivani izdelki in akterji
Direktiva se nanaša na materiale in izdelke, ki so namenjeni stiku z živili ali so z živili v stiku, vključno s proizvodi iz različnih skupin:
- Plastika, laki, premazi,
- Regenerirana celuloza,
- Elastomeri in guma,
- Papir in lepenka,
- Keramika,
- Steklo,
- Kovine in zlitine,
- Les (vključno s pluto),
- Tekstilni izdelki,
- Parafinski in mikrokristalinični voski.
Direktiva izrecno ne velja za snovi za prekrivanje oziroma premaze, ki so sestavni del živil in se zaužijejo skupaj z živili, prav tako ne za starine in opremo za oskrbo z vodo.
Zavezanci so proizvajalci, predelovalci, prodajalci in distribucijski kanali, ki tržijo takšne materiale in izdelke v EU.
Direktivno označevanje vpliva tudi na trgovce na drobno in uvoznike, ki morajo zagotoviti skladnost podatkov z zahtevami direktive.
Rok za izvajanje
Direktiva je bila državam članicam notificirana 10. januarja 1989.
Države članice so bile dolžne sprejeti nacionalne ukrepe za uskladitev zakonodaje najpozneje 18 mesecev po notifikaciji, torej do 10. julija 1990, kar vključuje dovoljenje za trgovino in uporabo skladnih materialov in izdelkov.
Prepoved trgovine in uporabe neusklajenih materialov in izdelkov je morala začeti veljati najpozneje 36 mesecev po notifikaciji (do 10. januarja 1992).
Posebne direktive za posamezne skupine materialov so se sprejemale postopoma, skladno z določenimi postopki sodelovanja in znanstvenimi ocenami.
Ta direktiva je ključna za zagotavljanje enotnih standardov in varnosti materialov, namenjenih stiku z živili v EU, ter za omogočanje prostega pretoka teh izdelkov na skupnem trgu brez ogrožanja zdravja potrošnikov.
Direktiva 89/109/EGS ureja materiale in izdelke, namenjene stiku z živili, ki so v končnem stanju izdelani za ta namen. V obseg uporabe sodijo tudi materiali in izdelki, ki pridejo v stik z vodo, namenjeno za prehrano ljudi, izključena pa je oprema javne ali zasebne oskrbe z vodo ter starine. Direktiva ne zajema snovi za premaze, ki so sestavni del živil in se zaužijejo skupaj z njimi, kot so premazi sirove skorje ali sadja. Namen direktive je zagotoviti, da materiali in izdelki ne sproščajo nevarnih količin snovi v živila, ki bi ogrožale zdravje ljudi ali spremenile sestavo oziroma kakovost hrane. Uporablja se predvsem za materiale, kot so plastika, keramika, steklo, kovine, les, tekstil in drugi materiali, ki pridejo v neposreden ali posreden stik z živili v potrošniški in industrijski dejavnosti.
General Information
Tests have shown quite different results for Nitrosatables and that the tests are not reliable. The objective of the work will be to find a better way to determine Nitrosatables
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Tests have shown quite different results for Nitrosatables and that the tests are not reliable. The objective of the work will be to find a better way to determine Nitrosatables
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives guidance on the use of wood-based panels in structural applications as structural floor and roof decking on joists or structural wall sheathing on studs in accordance with EN 12871. It provides information on:
— inspection at site;
— transport and delivery;
— handling;
— stacking;
— storage;
— moisture content, conditioning and the effects of moisture;
— cutting and machining;
— selection;
— installation.
- Technical report25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives guidance on the use of wood-based panels in structural applications as structural floor and roof decking on joists or structural wall sheathing on studs in accordance with EN 12871. It provides information on:
— inspection at site;
— transport and delivery;
— handling;
— stacking;
— storage;
— moisture content, conditioning and the effects of moisture;
— cutting and machining;
— selection;
— installation.
- Technical report25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for factory made, self-supporting, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels, which are intended for discontinuous laying in the following applications:
a) roofs and roof cladding;
b) external walls and wall cladding;
c) walls (including partitions) and ceilings within the building envelope.
The insulating core materials covered by this European Standard are rigid polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, cellular glass and mineral wool.
NOTE Polyurethane (PUR) includes polyisocyanurate (PIR).
Panels with edge details that utilise different materials from the main insulating core are included in this European Standard.
Panels used in cold store applications are included in this European Standard. Panels, put on the market as a component of a cold storage room, building and/or building envelope kit are covered by ETA-Guideline 021 “Cold storage premises kits”.
This European Standard does not cover the following:
i. sandwich panels with a declared thermal conductivity for the insulating core greater than 0,06 W/m•K at 10 °C;
ii. products consisting of two or more clearly defined layers of different insulating core materials (multi-layered);
iii. panels with perforated facing(s);
iv. curved panels.
- Standard175 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for factory made, self-supporting, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels, which are intended for discontinuous laying in the following applications:
a) roofs and roof cladding;
b) external walls and wall cladding;
c) walls (including partitions) and ceilings within the building envelope.
The insulating core materials covered by this European Standard are rigid polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, cellular glass and mineral wool.
NOTE Polyurethane (PUR) includes polyisocyanurate (PIR).
Panels with edge details that utilise different materials from the main insulating core are included in this European Standard.
Panels used in cold store applications are included in this European Standard. Panels, put on the market as a component of a cold storage room, building and/or building envelope kit are covered by ETA-Guideline 021 “Cold storage premises kits”.
This European Standard does not cover the following:
i. sandwich panels with a declared thermal conductivity for the insulating core greater than 0,06 W/m•K at 10 °C;
ii. products consisting of two or more clearly defined layers of different insulating core materials (multi-layered);
iii. panels with perforated facing(s);
iv. curved panels.
- Standard175 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for clay roofing tiles and fittings for pitched roof coverings and wall cladding and lining.
It applies to all tiles and fittings as defined in Clause 3.
Clay roofing tiles and clay fittings which conform to this European Standard are suitable for use as roof coverings, vertical wall cladding and lining.
This European Standard defines the minimum requirements for a product which if satisfactory at the time of delivery will ensure that the product is able to perform its function in relation to the performance levels declared for it, whilst subjected to the changes that occur in such materials during normal conditions of use.
The results obtained according to the European Standard apply to products at the time they are offered for sale.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for clay roofing tiles and fittings for pitched roof coverings and wall cladding and lining.
It applies to all tiles and fittings as defined in Clause 3.
Clay roofing tiles and clay fittings which conform to this European Standard are suitable for use as roof coverings, vertical wall cladding and lining.
This European Standard defines the minimum requirements for a product which if satisfactory at the time of delivery will ensure that the product is able to perform its function in relation to the performance levels declared for it, whilst subjected to the changes that occur in such materials during normal conditions of use.
The results obtained according to the European Standard apply to products at the time they are offered for sale.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of butadiene monomer in polymers.
The method is applicable to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and to high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as well as to other 1,3-butadiene polymers and copolymers where these are soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide or finely dispersed, swollen suspensions in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The level of 1,3-butadiene monomer determined is expressed as milligrams of 1,3-butadiene per kilogram of polymer. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of 1,3-butadiene at a level of 0,1 mg/kg in the polymer.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride (VdC) in plastics materials and articles.
The method is applicable to poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC) films, PVdC coated films, and laminates and coextruded materials containing PVdC. The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of polymer. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 5 mg/kg in plastics materials and articles.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the food simulants; water, 3 % w/v acetic acid, 15 % v/v ethanol and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The methods are capable of determining monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in food simulants separately, or combined, at the specific migration limit SML (T) of 30 mg/kg.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the monomer terephthalic acid in food simulants; distilled water, 3 % w/v acetic acid aqueous solution, 15 % v/v ethanol aqueous solution and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The methods are capable of determining terephthalic acid in the food simulants at the level of the specific migration limit of 7,5 mg of terephthalic acid per kilogram of food simulants.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of terephthalic acid in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions of contact of food simulants with the test article before the determination of specific migration of those substances subject to a migration limit.
NOTE According to Directive 90/128/EEC[2] the determination of the migration of specified components in foodstuffs instead of the use of simulants is permitted. However, in that situation there is no need to give guidance on the test conditions of time and temperature as contact conditions shall be equal to conditions applied in real.
Also general guidance is given for the determination of the amount of the substance in the final plastics material or article.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of acrylonitrile monomer in foods and food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil, as well as to liquid and solid foodstuffs such as beverages and soft margarine. The level of acrylonitrile monomer determined is expressed as milligrammes of acrylonitrile per kilogram of food or food simulant.
The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of acrylonitrile monomer at minimum levels of down to 0,01 mg/kg to 0,005 mg/kg, or lower, in food simulant, depending on the applied test conditions (see NOTE in 8.2.3). With regard to the performance in the mentioned foodstuffs, in general, a direct detection limit of 0,02 mg/kg is achievable.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of acrylonitrile in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard describes a method for the determination of individual and total levels of residual isocyanates in plastics materials and articles.
This method is applicable to the analysis of polyurethane polymers. The total level of isocyanate monomers in materials and articles determined according to the procedure described in this standard is given in milligrams of NCO per kilogram of material or article. The method is capable of quantitative determination of individual isocyanates measured as NCO at 0,04 mg/kg and total isocyanates at 1,0 mg/kg.
NOTE The method has been applied to the analysis of 9 isocyanate monomers listed in 3.1. It has not been applied to the analysis of octadecyl isocyanate, diphenylether-4,4'-diisocyanate or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl as samples of these monomers have not been obtained. There is no reason to anticipate that the method may not be suitable for the analysis of these monomers also.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride monomer in food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of food simulant. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 0,05 mg/kg.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of vinylidene chloride in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the monomer terephthalic acid in food simulants; distilled water, 3 % w/v acetic acid aqueous solution, 15 % v/v ethanol aqueous solution and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The methods are capable of determining terephthalic acid in the food simulants at the level of the specific migration limit of 7,5 mg of terephthalic acid per kilogram of food simulants.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of terephthalic acid in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard describes a method for the determination of individual and total levels of residual isocyanates in plastics materials and articles.
This method is applicable to the analysis of polyurethane polymers. The total level of isocyanate monomers in materials and articles determined according to the procedure described in this standard is given in milligrams of NCO per kilogram of material or article. The method is capable of quantitative determination of individual isocyanates measured as NCO at 0,04 mg/kg and total isocyanates at 1,0 mg/kg.
NOTE The method has been applied to the analysis of 9 isocyanate monomers listed in 3.1. It has not been applied to the analysis of octadecyl isocyanate, diphenylether-4,4'-diisocyanate or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl as samples of these monomers have not been obtained. There is no reason to anticipate that the method may not be suitable for the analysis of these monomers also.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions of contact of food simulants with the test article before the determination of specific migration of those substances subject to a migration limit.
NOTE According to Directive 90/128/EEC[2] the determination of the migration of specified components in foodstuffs instead of the use of simulants is permitted. However, in that situation there is no need to give guidance on the test conditions of time and temperature as contact conditions shall be equal to conditions applied in real.
Also general guidance is given for the determination of the amount of the substance in the final plastics material or article.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of acrylonitrile monomer in foods and food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil, as well as to liquid and solid foodstuffs such as beverages and soft margarine. The level of acrylonitrile monomer determined is expressed as milligrammes of acrylonitrile per kilogram of food or food simulant.
The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of acrylonitrile monomer at minimum levels of down to 0,01 mg/kg to 0,005 mg/kg, or lower, in food simulant, depending on the applied test conditions (see NOTE in 8.2.3). With regard to the performance in the mentioned foodstuffs, in general, a direct detection limit of 0,02 mg/kg is achievable.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of acrylonitrile in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride (VdC) in plastics materials and articles.
The method is applicable to poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC) films, PVdC coated films, and laminates and coextruded materials containing PVdC. The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of polymer. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 5 mg/kg in plastics materials and articles.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride monomer in food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of food simulant. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 0,05 mg/kg.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of vinylidene chloride in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the food simulants; water, 3 % w/v acetic acid, 15 % v/v ethanol and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil. The methods are capable of determining monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in food simulants separately, or combined, at the specific migration limit SML (T) of 30 mg/kg.
NOTE This method was developed for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out. However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of butadiene monomer in polymers.
The method is applicable to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and to high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as well as to other 1,3-butadiene polymers and copolymers where these are soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide or finely dispersed, swollen suspensions in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The level of 1,3-butadiene monomer determined is expressed as milligrams of 1,3-butadiene per kilogram of polymer. The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of 1,3-butadiene at a level of 0,1 mg/kg in the polymer.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a test method to determine the mass fraction of a polymeric additive that falls below a MW of 1000. The method is applicable to polymeric additives per se - i.e. supplied in their usable form, before formulation into a plastic. The method is also applicable to polymeric additives extracted from finished plastic materials and articles, provided that precautions are taken to ensure the absence of any interference from any other co-extractives derived from the plastic.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a test method to determine the mass fraction of a polymeric additive that falls below a MW of 1000. The method is applicable to polymeric additives per se - i.e. supplied in their usable form, before formulation into a plastic. The method is also applicable to polymeric additives extracted from finished plastic materials and articles, provided that precautions are taken to ensure the absence of any interference from any other co-extractives derived from the plastic.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard specifies a test method to determine whether there is fatty contact and is applicable to all foods. Testing some foods can require modifications to the method. The method is applicable to contact situations from -20 °C to 100 °C.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard specifies a test method to determine whether there is fatty contact and is applicable to all foods. Testing some foods can require modifications to the method. The method is applicable to contact situations from -20 °C to 100 °C.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification gives guidelines for the selection of the appropriate conditions and test methods for the determination of overall migration into food simulants and test media from polymeric coatings on metal substrates which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs and a test method for overall migration into aqueous simulants by article filling from polymeric coatings on food and beverage cans and non-stick coatings.
NOTE Polymeric coatings on metal substrates are not yet included in the scope of any European Union Directive. This Technical Specification has been prepared to assist in the development of such a Directive.
- Technical specification56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies test methods for 'alternative tests' and 'substitute tests' performed with volatile test media, iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol, for the determination of overall migration from polymeric coatings on paper and board intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs.
NOTE 1 It also includes guidance for the application of Council Directive 82/711/EEC [1], as last amended by Commission Directives 93/8/EC and 97/48/EC [2] [3] as regards the determination of the specific and overall migration into fatty food simulants (fat test) and includes a glossary to clarify the terminology used, see annex B.
NOTE 2 The iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol volatile test media used in these test methods are those specified for 'substitute tests' in Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments. In addition to the use of iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol as test media for 'substitute tests', Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments specifies the use of modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium for use at temperatures of 100 °C and above. A test method for overall migration from polymeric coatings intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is in preparation.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies methods to measure the temperature reached by plastics materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs during microwave heating and conventional oven heating in order to select the appropriate temperature for migration testing.
It is applicable to all plastics materials and articles for which the food(s) with which they will come into contact under worst foreseeable conditions of use is/are known. This includes pre-packaged foods such as ready meals which will be heated in the packaging, and for foods which need some pre-preparation but which include the cooking container in the pack, e.g. cake mixes. The method is also suitable for plastics materials and articles to be used for preparing foods in the home or for use in commercial food preparation where the article is supplied as a stand-alone item, i.e. not containing or not including food at the point of sale.
NOTE Although the method has been developed for plastics materials and articles, it is also applicable to other packaging materials including paper and board, rubber and elastomers, ceramics, glass etc. Temperature measurements using conventional oven heating are suitable for metal materials but these items should generally not be heated in microwave ovens due to possible problems with arcing.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles into a mixture of 14C-labelled synthetic triglycerides at temperatures above 20 °C and up to, and including, 121 °C for selected times.
These methods are suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of a suitable size can be cut and containers and articles that can be filled.
The test methods described are applicable to all plastics.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at temperatures from 100 °C up to and including, 175 °C for selected times. Also described is a procedure with a substitute test medium. In this substitute procedure the mass of components adsorbed on modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is taken as a measure for the assessment of the overall migration into olive oil.
NOTE 1 The total immersion test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil. The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil. These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil. Select suitable chromatogram peaks of the methyl esters of the other fatty food simulants for the quantitative determination of the simulant extracted from the test specimens.
NOTE 2 A comparative migration test carried out with polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate high temperature application containers as test samples at conditions 2 h at 100 °C and 2 h at 175 °C, respectively, in contact with 14C-labelled synthetic triglyceride and MPPO provided test results comparable within the analytical tolerance of the methods.
NOTE 3 To obtain reproducible and repeatable results using the MPPO method it may be necessary to measure the temperature of the test specimen before starting the migration period. An appropriate method for measuring the temperature of the test specimen needs to be established.
The described methods are most suitable for food contact articles in the form of sheets and films, but can also be applied to a wide range of articles and containers.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at temperatures from 100 °C up to and including, 175 °C for selected times. Also described is a procedure with a substitute test medium. In this substitute procedure the mass of components adsorbed on modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is taken as a measure for the assessment of the overall migration into olive oil.
NOTE 1 The total immersion test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil. The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil. These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil. Select suitable chromatogram peaks of the methyl esters of the other fatty food simulants for the quantitative determination of the simulant extracted from the test specimens.
NOTE 2 A comparative migration test carried out with polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate high temperature application containers as test samples at conditions 2 h at 100 °C and 2 h at 175 °C, respectively, in contact with 14C-labelled synthetic triglyceride and MPPO provided test results comparable within the analytical tolerance of the methods.
NOTE 3 To obtain reproducible and repeatable results using the MPPO method it may be necessary to measure the temperature of the test specimen before starting the migration period. An appropriate method for measuring the temperature of the test specimen needs to be established.
The described methods are most suitable for food contact articles in the form of sheets and films, but can also be applied to a wide range of articles and containers.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies methods to measure the temperature reached by plastics materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs during microwave heating and conventional oven heating in order to select the appropriate temperature for migration testing.
It is applicable to all plastics materials and articles for which the food(s) with which they will come into contact under worst foreseeable conditions of use is/are known. This includes pre-packaged foods such as ready meals which will be heated in the packaging, and for foods which need some pre-preparation but which include the cooking container in the pack, e.g. cake mixes. The method is also suitable for plastics materials and articles to be used for preparing foods in the home or for use in commercial food preparation where the article is supplied as a stand-alone item, i.e. not containing or not including food at the point of sale.
NOTE Although the method has been developed for plastics materials and articles, it is also applicable to other packaging materials including paper and board, rubber and elastomers, ceramics, glass etc. Temperature measurements using conventional oven heating are suitable for metal materials but these items should generally not be heated in microwave ovens due to possible problems with arcing.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles into a mixture of 14C-labelled synthetic triglycerides at temperatures above 20 °C and up to, and including, 121 °C for selected times.
These methods are suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of a suitable size can be cut and containers and articles that can be filled.
The test methods described are applicable to all plastics.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Prestandard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions and methods of test for the determination of overall migration into food simulants from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification gives guidelines for the selection of the appropriate conditions and test methods for the determination of overall migration into food simulants and test media from polymeric coatings on metal substrates which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs and a test method for overall migration into aqueous simulants by article filling from polymeric coatings on food and beverage cans and non-stick coatings.
NOTE Polymeric coatings on metal substrates are not yet included in the scope of any European Union Directive. This Technical Specification has been prepared to assist in the development of such a Directive.
- Technical specification56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies test methods for 'alternative tests' and 'substitute tests' performed with volatile test media, iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol, for the determination of overall migration from polymeric coatings on paper and board intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs.
NOTE 1 It also includes guidance for the application of Council Directive 82/711/EEC [1], as last amended by Commission Directives 93/8/EC and 97/48/EC [2] [3] as regards the determination of the specific and overall migration into fatty food simulants (fat test) and includes a glossary to clarify the terminology used, see annex B.
NOTE 2 The iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol volatile test media used in these test methods are those specified for 'substitute tests' in Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments. In addition to the use of iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol as test media for 'substitute tests', Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments specifies the use of modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium for use at temperatures of 100 °C and above. A test method for overall migration from polymeric coatings intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is in preparation.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of this European Prestandard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions and methods of test for the determination of overall migration into food simulants from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a reference method for determining the release of lead and cadmium from articles with silicate surfaces of glass, glass ceramic and vitreous enamel which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. This European standard also applies to vitreous enamelled containers and to parts of equipment intended for industrial use with foodstuffs.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a reference method for determining the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic articles which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a reference method for determining the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic articles which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a reference method for determining the release of lead and cadmium from articles with silicate surfaces of glass, glass ceramic and vitreous enamel which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. This European standard also applies to vitreous enamelled containers and to parts of equipment intended for industrial use with foodstuffs.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the definition and composition of masonry cements as commonly used in Europe for the production of mortar for bricklaying and blocklaying and for rendering and plastering. It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 413-1 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE For normal applications the information given in EN 413-1, in EN 998-1 and in EN 998-2 is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the masonry cement producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of EN 413-1 but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the definition and composition of masonry cements as commonly used in Europe for the production of mortar for bricklaying and blocklaying and for rendering and plastering. It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 413-1 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE For normal applications the information given in EN 413-1, in EN 998-1 and in EN 998-2 is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the masonry cement producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of EN 413-1 but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document, part of EN 13130, specifies a method for the determination of Bisphenol A in the food simulants distilled water, 3 % w/v acetic acid aqueous, 10 % v/v ethanol aqueous solution and rectified olive oil. The level of Bisphenol A monomer determined is expressed as milligrams Bisphenol A per kilogram of food simulant. The method is applicable to the quantitative determination of Bisphenol A at a minimum level of 0,002 mg/kg in aqueous food simulants and 0,009 mg/kg in olive oil.
NOTE The method should also be applicable to other aqueous food simulants as well as to the other fatty food simulants, sunflower oil and a mixture of synthetic triglycerides
- Draft13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies two alternative test methods, in the sense of an extraction test with a 'more severe' test character, for the assessment of the overall migration into fatty food simulants.
Method A is based on the determination of the extraction of migrateable substances from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by total immersion in non-polar, iso-octane, and/or polar, ethanol, solvents depending on the polarity of the packaging material. According to results obtained by this method (see [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],) and taking physio-chemical considerations into account, the obtained extraction efficiency has, generally, been found to be equivalent to or higher than overall migration results obtained under the test conditions, 10 days at 40 °C, 2 h at 70 °C, 1 h at 100 °C, 30 min at 121 °C and 30 min at 130 °C.
To ensure as complete as possible extraction of the potential migrants, a strong interaction, e.g. swelling, of the sample by the extraction solvent is necessary. For this purpose, iso-octane is used as an extraction solvent for plastics materials and articles containing non polar food contact layers, such as polyolefins. For test samples made from polar food contact plastics such as polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate, 95 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol is used. For polystyrenes, plasticized polyvinyl chloride and other polymers where the identification or polarity of the polymer is not clear, two parallel extraction tests should be conducted using both of the proposed extraction solvents and taking the higher value obtained as the relevant result.
NOTE 1 In case of multilayer structures such as plastics laminates and co-extruded plastics, the nature of the food contact layer determines the selection of the extraction solvent(s).
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for 'substitute tests' performed with volatile test media, iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol, for the determination of overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs at all temperatures and for any period of time.
These test methods are suitable for plastics samples in a wide variety of forms.
NOTE 1 The iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol volatile test media used in these test methods are those specified for 'substitute tests' in Commission Directive 82/711/EEC [3]and its subsequent amendments [4], [5]. In addition to the use of iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol as test media for 'substitute tests', Commission Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments specifies the use of modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium for use at temperatures of 100 °C and above. For a test method for overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium, see EN 1186-13.
NOTE 2 These test methods can also be used for the 'alternative tests' described in Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments, when the chosen volatile test media are iso-octane and 95 % aqueous ethanol, provided equivalence is shown with olive oil, see prEN 1186-1:2001.
- Draft23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at temperatures from 100 °C up to and including, 175 °C for selected times. Also described is a procedure with a substitute test medium. In this substitute procedure the mass of components adsorbed on modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is taken as a measure for the assessment of the overall migration into olive oil.
NOTE 1 The total immersion test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil. The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil. These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil. Select suitable chromatogram peaks of the methyl esters of the other fatty food simulants for the quantitative determination of the simulant extracted from the test specimens.
NOTE 2 A comparative migration test carried out with polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate high temperature application containers as test samples at conditions 2 h at 100 °C and 2 h at 175 °C, respectively, in contact with 14C-labelled synthetic triglyceride and MPPO provided test results comparable within the analytical tolerance of the methods.
NOTE 3 To obtain reproducible and repeatable results using the MPPO method it may be necessary to measure the temperature of the test specimen before starting the migration period. An appropriate method for measuring the temperature of the test specimen needs to be established.
The described methods are most suitable for food contact articles in the form of sheets and films, but can also be applied to a wide range of articles and containers.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 89/109/EEC covers "Materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs". There are 101 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 89/109/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 89/109/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.