M/052 - Materials in contact with food

Tests have shown quite different results for Nitrosatables and that the tests are not reliable. The objective of the work will be to find a better way to determine Nitrosatables

Tests have shown quite different results for Nitrosatables and that the tests are not reliable. The objective of the work will be to find a better way to determine Nitrosatables

This European standard describes the determination of NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings (the two-ring NOGE is equal to BFDGE = Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)ether) and at least one epoxy group as well as their derivatives containing chlorohydrin functions and having a molecular mass less than 1000 Daltons in can coatings.
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is employed based on reversed phase HPLC and fluorescence detection.
The method is capable of determining NOGE and its derivatives at a minimum level of 1 mg/ml in solution.
Direct HPLC analysis of the can coating extract may result in chromatograms difficult to interpret, due to interference from other components or the instability of the monomer resulting in a complex mixture of derivatives and/or reaction products. By forced hydrolysis of all epoxy groups and their reaction products, the quantification of the NOGE is simplified and the identities of the substances are indicatively confirmed.
NOTE   In this European standard the term “NOGE and its derivatives” refers to the requirements of Directive 2002/16/EC [1]. This includes NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings and at least one epoxy group as well as their derivatives containing chlorohydrin functions and having a molecular mass less than 1000 Daltons.

This European standard describes a method for the determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products in food simulants: distilled water, 3 % w/v aqueous acetic acid, 10 % v/v aqueous ethanol solution and olive oil or sunflower oil.
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is employed based on reversed phase HPLC and fluorescence detection.
The method is capable of determining BADGE and its derivatives at a minimum level of 0,05 µg/ml food simulant.
BFDGE and its derivatives can be determined at a minimum level of 0,1 µg/ml food simulant.
Direct HPLC analysis of the migration solutions may result in chromatograms difficult to interpret, due to interference from other components or the instability of the monomers resulting in a complex mixture of derivatives and/or reaction products. By forced hydrolysis of all epoxy groups and their reaction products, the quantification of the relevant substances is simplified and in addition the identities of the substances are indicatively confirmed.
NOTE   In this European standard the term “BADGE, BFDGE and their derivatives” refers to the substances listed in Directive 2002/16/EC. These substances are listed in 4.1.

This European standard describes the determination of NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings (the two-ring NOGE is equal to BFDGE = Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)ether) and at least one epoxy group as well as their derivatives containing chlorohydrin functions and having a molecular mass less than 1000 Daltons in can coatings.
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is employed based on reversed phase HPLC and fluorescence detection.
The method is capable of determining NOGE and its derivatives at a minimum level of 1 mg/ml in solution.
Direct HPLC analysis of the can coating extract may result in chromatograms difficult to interpret, due to interference from other components or the instability of the monomer resulting in a complex mixture of derivatives and/or reaction products. By forced hydrolysis of all epoxy groups and their reaction products, the quantification of the NOGE is simplified and the identities of the substances are indicatively confirmed.
NOTE   In this European standard the term “NOGE and its derivatives” refers to the requirements of Directive 2002/16/EC [1]. This includes NOGE components with more than two aromatic rings and at least one epoxy group as well as their derivatives containing chlorohydrin functions and having a molecular mass less than 1000 Daltons.

This European standard describes a method for the determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products in food simulants: distilled water, 3 % w/v aqueous acetic acid, 10 % v/v aqueous ethanol solution and olive oil or sunflower oil.
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is employed based on reversed phase HPLC and fluorescence detection.
The method is capable of determining BADGE and its derivatives at a minimum level of 0,05 µg/ml food simulant.
BFDGE and its derivatives can be determined at a minimum level of 0,1 µg/ml food simulant.
Direct HPLC analysis of the migration solutions may result in chromatograms difficult to interpret, due to interference from other components or the instability of the monomers resulting in a complex mixture of derivatives and/or reaction products. By forced hydrolysis of all epoxy groups and their reaction products, the quantification of the relevant substances is simplified and in addition the identities of the substances are indicatively confirmed.
NOTE   In this European standard the term “BADGE, BFDGE and their derivatives” refers to the substances listed in Directive 2002/16/EC. These substances are listed in 4.1.

This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the monomer terephthalic acid in food simulants; distilled water, 3 % w/v acetic acid aqueous solution, 15 % v/v ethanol aqueous solution and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The methods are capable of determining terephthalic acid in the food simulants at the level of the specific migration limit of 7,5 mg of terephthalic acid per kilogram of food simulants.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of terephthalic acid in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the food simulants; water, 3 % w/v acetic acid, 15 % v/v ethanol and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The methods are capable of determining monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in food simulants separately, or combined, at the specific migration limit SML (T) of 30 mg/kg.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of acrylonitrile monomer in foods and food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil, as well as to liquid and solid foodstuffs such as beverages and soft margarine.  The level of acrylonitrile monomer determined is expressed as milligrammes of acrylonitrile per kilogram of food or food simulant.
The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of acrylonitrile monomer at minimum levels of down to 0,01 mg/kg to 0,005 mg/kg, or lower, in food simulant, depending on the applied test conditions (see NOTE in 8.2.3).  With regard to the performance in the mentioned foodstuffs, in general, a direct detection limit of 0,02 mg/kg is achievable.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of acrylonitrile in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride monomer in food simulants.  The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of food simulant.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 0,05 mg/kg.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of vinylidene chloride in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride (VdC) in plastics materials and articles.
The method is applicable to poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC) films, PVdC coated films, and laminates and coextruded materials containing PVdC.  The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of polymer.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 5 mg/kg in plastics materials and articles.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of butadiene monomer in polymers.
The method is applicable to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and to high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as well as to other 1,3-butadiene polymers and copolymers where these are soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide or finely dispersed, swollen suspensions in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The level of 1,3-butadiene monomer determined is expressed as milligrams of 1,3-butadiene per kilogram of polymer.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of 1,3-butadiene at a level of 0,1 mg/kg in the polymer.

This part of this European Standard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions of contact of food simulants with the test article before the determination of specific migration of those substances subject to a migration limit.
NOTE   According to Directive 90/128/EEC[2] the determination of the migration of specified components in foodstuffs instead of the use of simulants is permitted.  However, in that situation there is no need to give guidance on the test conditions of time and temperature as contact conditions shall be equal to conditions applied in real.
Also general guidance is given for the determination of the amount of the substance in the final plastics material or article.

This part of this European Standard describes a method for the determination of individual and total levels of residual isocyanates in plastics materials and articles.
This method is applicable to the analysis of polyurethane polymers.  The total level of isocyanate monomers in materials and articles determined according to the procedure described in this standard is given in milligrams of NCO per kilogram of material or article.  The method is capable of quantitative determination of individual isocyanates measured as NCO at 0,04 mg/kg and total isocyanates at 1,0 mg/kg.
NOTE   The method has been applied to the analysis of 9 isocyanate monomers listed in 3.1.  It has not been applied to the analysis of octadecyl isocyanate, diphenylether-4,4'-diisocyanate or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl as samples of these monomers have not been obtained.  There is no reason to anticipate that the method may not be suitable for the analysis of these monomers also.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of acrylonitrile monomer in foods and food simulants. The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil, as well as to liquid and solid foodstuffs such as beverages and soft margarine.  The level of acrylonitrile monomer determined is expressed as milligrammes of acrylonitrile per kilogram of food or food simulant.
The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of acrylonitrile monomer at minimum levels of down to 0,01 mg/kg to 0,005 mg/kg, or lower, in food simulant, depending on the applied test conditions (see NOTE in 8.2.3).  With regard to the performance in the mentioned foodstuffs, in general, a direct detection limit of 0,02 mg/kg is achievable.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of acrylonitrile in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride monomer in food simulants.  The method is applicable to aqueous food simulants, to the fatty food simulant olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of food simulant.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 0,05 mg/kg.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of vinylidene chloride in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard describes a method for the determination of individual and total levels of residual isocyanates in plastics materials and articles.
This method is applicable to the analysis of polyurethane polymers.  The total level of isocyanate monomers in materials and articles determined according to the procedure described in this standard is given in milligrams of NCO per kilogram of material or article.  The method is capable of quantitative determination of individual isocyanates measured as NCO at 0,04 mg/kg and total isocyanates at 1,0 mg/kg.
NOTE   The method has been applied to the analysis of 9 isocyanate monomers listed in 3.1.  It has not been applied to the analysis of octadecyl isocyanate, diphenylether-4,4'-diisocyanate or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl as samples of these monomers have not been obtained.  There is no reason to anticipate that the method may not be suitable for the analysis of these monomers also.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of butadiene monomer in polymers.
The method is applicable to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and to high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as well as to other 1,3-butadiene polymers and copolymers where these are soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide or finely dispersed, swollen suspensions in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The level of 1,3-butadiene monomer determined is expressed as milligrams of 1,3-butadiene per kilogram of polymer.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of 1,3-butadiene at a level of 0,1 mg/kg in the polymer.

This part of this European Standard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions of contact of food simulants with the test article before the determination of specific migration of those substances subject to a migration limit.
NOTE   According to Directive 90/128/EEC[2] the determination of the migration of specified components in foodstuffs instead of the use of simulants is permitted.  However, in that situation there is no need to give guidance on the test conditions of time and temperature as contact conditions shall be equal to conditions applied in real.
Also general guidance is given for the determination of the amount of the substance in the final plastics material or article.

This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the monomer terephthalic acid in food simulants; distilled water, 3 % w/v acetic acid aqueous solution, 15 % v/v ethanol aqueous solution and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The methods are capable of determining terephthalic acid in the food simulants at the level of the specific migration limit of 7,5 mg of terephthalic acid per kilogram of food simulants.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of terephthalic acid in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This part of this European Standard specifies a method for the determination of vinylidene chloride (VdC) in plastics materials and articles.
The method is applicable to poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC) films, PVdC coated films, and laminates and coextruded materials containing PVdC.  The level of vinylidene chloride determined is expressed as milligrams of vinylidene chloride per kilogram of polymer.  The method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of vinylidene chloride at a level of 5 mg/kg in plastics materials and articles.

This part of this European Standard specifies methods for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the food simulants; water, 3 % w/v acetic acid, 15 % v/v ethanol and olive oil and other fatty food simulants, simulants D, e.g. a mixture of synthetic triglycerides or sunflower oil or corn oil.  The methods are capable of determining monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in food simulants separately, or combined, at the specific migration limit SML (T) of 30 mg/kg.
NOTE   This method was developed for the determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in 15 % v/v aqueous ethanol, as required by the regulations in force at the time the development work was carried out.  However, this method, developed for 15 (v/v) aqueous ethanol, should be applicable to the determination in 10 (v/v) aqueous ethanol.

This Technical Specification specifies a test method to determine the mass fraction of a polymeric additive that falls below a MW of 1000.  The method is applicable to polymeric additives per se - i.e. supplied in their usable form, before formulation into a plastic.  The method is also applicable to polymeric additives extracted from finished plastic materials and articles, provided that precautions are taken to ensure the absence of any interference from any other co-extractives derived from the plastic.

This Technical Specification specifies a test method to determine the mass fraction of a polymeric additive that falls below a MW of 1000.  The method is applicable to polymeric additives per se - i.e. supplied in their usable form, before formulation into a plastic.  The method is also applicable to polymeric additives extracted from finished plastic materials and articles, provided that precautions are taken to ensure the absence of any interference from any other co-extractives derived from the plastic.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): SPP update 1998-04-17. ++ SPPJ_09_Y_199811 ++ Stage 49 postponed to 2000-12 on 2000-04-12 with following reason :Collaborative trial results were unsatisfactory and a second trial is necessary (NT/2000-04-13) ++ TC forecasts updated (doucment N 243, 2000-06-02 sj)-Same TC forecast received in  TCFORECAST with following reason : WI 77 contains test method developped in conjunction with EC SM&T project. Delays in completing the project caused delays.

This Technical Specification specifies test methods for 'alternative tests' and 'substitute tests' performed with volatile test media, iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol, for the determination of overall migration from polymeric coatings on paper and board intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs.
NOTE 1   It also includes guidance for the application of Council Directive 82/711/EEC [1], as last amended by Commission Directives  93/8/EC and  97/48/EC [2] [3] as regards the determination of the specific and overall migration into fatty food simulants (fat test) and includes a glossary to clarify the terminology used, see annex B.
NOTE 2   The iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol volatile test media used in these test methods are those specified for 'substitute tests' in Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments. In addition to the use of iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol as test media for 'substitute tests', Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments specifies the use of modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium for use at temperatures of 100 °C and above.  A test method for overall migration from polymeric coatings intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is in preparation.

This Technical Specification gives guidelines for the selection of the appropriate conditions and test methods for the determination of overall migration into food simulants and test media from polymeric coatings on metal substrates which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs and a test method for overall migration into aqueous simulants by article filling from polymeric coatings on food and beverage cans and non-stick coatings.
NOTE   Polymeric coatings on metal substrates are not yet included in the scope of any European Union Directive. This Technical Specification has been prepared to assist in the development of such a Directive.

This Part of this European Standard specifies a test method to determine whether there is fatty contact and is applicable to all foods.  Testing some foods can require modifications to the method.  The method is applicable to contact situations from -20 °C to 100 °C.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles into a mixture of 14C-labelled synthetic triglycerides at temperatures above 20 °C and up to, and including, 121 °C for selected times.
These methods are suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of a suitable size can be cut and containers and articles that can be filled.
The test methods described are applicable to all plastics.

This European Standard specifies methods to measure the temperature reached by plastics materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs during microwave heating and conventional oven heating in order to select the appropriate temperature for migration testing.  
It is applicable to all plastics materials and articles for which the food(s) with which they will come into contact under worst foreseeable conditions of use is/are known. This includes pre-packaged foods such as ready meals which will be heated in the packaging, and for foods which need some pre-preparation but which include the cooking container in the pack, e.g. cake mixes. The method is also suitable for plastics materials and articles to be used for preparing foods in the home or for use in commercial food preparation where the article is supplied as a stand-alone item, i.e. not containing or not including food at the point of sale.
NOTE   Although the method has been developed for plastics materials and articles, it is also applicable to other packaging materials including paper and board, rubber and elastomers, ceramics, glass etc. Temperature measurements using conventional oven heating are suitable for metal materials but these items should generally not be heated in microwave ovens due to possible problems with arcing.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at temperatures from 100 °C up to and including, 175 °C for selected times.  Also described is a procedure with a substitute test medium.  In this substitute procedure the mass of components adsorbed on modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is taken as a measure for the assessment of the overall migration into olive oil.
NOTE 1   The total immersion test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil.  The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil.  These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil.  Select suitable chromatogram peaks of the methyl esters of the other fatty food simulants for the quantitative determination of the simulant extracted from the test specimens.
NOTE 2   A comparative migration test carried out with polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate high temperature application containers as test samples at conditions 2 h at 100 °C and 2 h at 175 °C, respectively, in contact with 14C-labelled synthetic triglyceride and MPPO provided test results comparable within the analytical tolerance of the methods.
NOTE 3   To obtain reproducible and repeatable results using the MPPO method it may be necessary to measure the temperature of the test specimen before starting the migration period.  An appropriate method for measuring the temperature of the test specimen needs to be established.
The described methods are most suitable for food contact articles in the form of sheets and films, but can also be applied to a wide range of articles and containers.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at any temperatures above 5 °C  up to and including, 175 °C for selected times.
When some plastics are tested by the methods in prEN 1186-2, prEN 1186-4, prEN 1186-6, prEN 1186-8, prEN 1186-12 and prEN 1186-13, the soxhlet extraction process does not achieve complete recovery of the absorbed olive oil from the test specimens.  In this method, the olive oil is released from the plastics test specimens by dissolving them in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran.
This method is suitable for plastics when exposure to olive oil is by total immersion as described in prEN 1186-2, in a cell, as described in prEN 1186-4, in a pouch, as described in prEN 1186-6, and by filling, as described in prEN 1186-8 and to tests carried out at low and high temperature, as described in prEN 1186-12 and prEN 1186-13.
This is provided the plastics are soluble in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran and insoluble in methanol and that whenever prEN 1186-2 is referred to in this method the appropriate clause of the relevant part of prEN 1186 is substituted.
The method may also be suitable for plastics which are only partially soluble in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran and insoluble in methanol.
NOTE 1   This test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil.  The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil.  These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil.

This Technical Specification gives guidelines for the selection of the appropriate conditions and test methods for the determination of overall migration into food simulants and test media from polymeric coatings on metal substrates which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs and a test method for overall migration into aqueous simulants by article filling from polymeric coatings on food and beverage cans and non-stick coatings.
NOTE   Polymeric coatings on metal substrates are not yet included in the scope of any European Union Directive. This Technical Specification has been prepared to assist in the development of such a Directive.

This Technical Specification specifies test methods for 'alternative tests' and 'substitute tests' performed with volatile test media, iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol, for the determination of overall migration from polymeric coatings on paper and board intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs.
NOTE 1   It also includes guidance for the application of Council Directive 82/711/EEC [1], as last amended by Commission Directives  93/8/EC and  97/48/EC [2] [3] as regards the determination of the specific and overall migration into fatty food simulants (fat test) and includes a glossary to clarify the terminology used, see annex B.
NOTE 2   The iso-octane and a volume fraction of 95 % aqueous ethanol volatile test media used in these test methods are those specified for 'substitute tests' in Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments. In addition to the use of iso-octane and 95 % v/v aqueous ethanol as test media for 'substitute tests', Council Directive 82/711/EEC and its subsequent amendments specifies the use of modified polyphenylene oxide as a test medium for use at temperatures of 100 °C and above.  A test method for overall migration from polymeric coatings intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is in preparation.

This European Standard specifies methods to measure the temperature reached by plastics materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs during microwave heating and conventional oven heating in order to select the appropriate temperature for migration testing.  
It is applicable to all plastics materials and articles for which the food(s) with which they will come into contact under worst foreseeable conditions of use is/are known. This includes pre-packaged foods such as ready meals which will be heated in the packaging, and for foods which need some pre-preparation but which include the cooking container in the pack, e.g. cake mixes. The method is also suitable for plastics materials and articles to be used for preparing foods in the home or for use in commercial food preparation where the article is supplied as a stand-alone item, i.e. not containing or not including food at the point of sale.
NOTE   Although the method has been developed for plastics materials and articles, it is also applicable to other packaging materials including paper and board, rubber and elastomers, ceramics, glass etc. Temperature measurements using conventional oven heating are suitable for metal materials but these items should generally not be heated in microwave ovens due to possible problems with arcing.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles into a mixture of 14C-labelled synthetic triglycerides at temperatures above 20 °C and up to, and including, 121 °C for selected times.
These methods are suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of a suitable size can be cut and containers and articles that can be filled.
The test methods described are applicable to all plastics.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at any temperatures above 5 °C  up to and including, 175 °C for selected times.
When some plastics are tested by the methods in prEN 1186-2, prEN 1186-4, prEN 1186-6, prEN 1186-8, prEN 1186-12 and prEN 1186-13, the soxhlet extraction process does not achieve complete recovery of the absorbed olive oil from the test specimens.  In this method, the olive oil is released from the plastics test specimens by dissolving them in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran.
This method is suitable for plastics when exposure to olive oil is by total immersion as described in prEN 1186-2, in a cell, as described in prEN 1186-4, in a pouch, as described in prEN 1186-6, and by filling, as described in prEN 1186-8 and to tests carried out at low and high temperature, as described in prEN 1186-12 and prEN 1186-13.
This is provided the plastics are soluble in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran and insoluble in methanol and that whenever prEN 1186-2 is referred to in this method the appropriate clause of the relevant part of prEN 1186 is substituted.
The method may also be suitable for plastics which are only partially soluble in chloroform, toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran and insoluble in methanol.
NOTE 1   This test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil.  The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil.  These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil.

This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration into fatty food simulants from plastics materials and articles, by total immersion of test specimens in a fatty food simulant at temperatures from 100 °C up to and including, 175 °C for selected times.  Also described is a procedure with a substitute test medium.  In this substitute procedure the mass of components adsorbed on modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) is taken as a measure for the assessment of the overall migration into olive oil.
NOTE 1   The total immersion test method has been written for use with the fatty food simulant, olive oil.  The test method can also be used with appropriate modifications with 'other fatty food simulants ' called simulant D - a synthetic mixture of triglycerides, sunflower oil and corn oil.  These other fatty food simulants will produce different chromatograms for the simulant methyl esters to those of the methyl esters of olive oil.  Select suitable chromatogram peaks of the methyl esters of the other fatty food simulants for the quantitative determination of the simulant extracted from the test specimens.
NOTE 2   A comparative migration test carried out with polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate high temperature application containers as test samples at conditions 2 h at 100 °C and 2 h at 175 °C, respectively, in contact with 14C-labelled synthetic triglyceride and MPPO provided test results comparable within the analytical tolerance of the methods.
NOTE 3   To obtain reproducible and repeatable results using the MPPO method it may be necessary to measure the temperature of the test specimen before starting the migration period.  An appropriate method for measuring the temperature of the test specimen needs to be established.
The described methods are most suitable for food contact articles in the form of sheets and films, but can also be applied to a wide range of articles and containers.

This part of this European Prestandard provides a guide to the selection of the appropriate conditions and methods of test for the determination of overall migration into food simulants from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by forming the plastics film or sheet into standard pouches and exposure to olive oil for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. A standard pouch is a pouch with the dimensions as defined in 6.3. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets which are sealable by heat or pressure,...

This part of this European Prestandard describes a test method for the determination of the overall migration into aqueous based food simulants from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by total immersion in aqueous food simulant for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, but can be applied to a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of suitable size can be cut.

This part of this European Prestandard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuffs at low temperatures, for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 24 h and 10 days at 5 °C or at 20 °C. These test methods are suitable for plastics samples in a wide variety of forms. The fatty food simulant used in these methods is dewaxed sunflower oil since, unlike olive oil, it remains liquid at the lower test temperatures.

This part of this European Prestandard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs by exposure to olive oil in a standard cell or equivalent cell for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, but is particularly applicable to those materials consisting of more than one layer or of surfaces that differ in their migration characteristics,...

This part of this European Prestandard describes test methods for the determination of the overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with a fatty foodstuff, by total immersion in olive oil for 10 days, 24 h or for 2 h at 40 °C or 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, but can be applied to a wide range of articles or containers from which test pieces of a suitable size can be cut. The test method described is applicable to most types of plastics, althoug there are some plastics for which it is known not to be applicable.

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration into aqueous based food simulants from plastics which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by filling articles with aqueous food simulant for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of containers and articles that can be filled.

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, into aqueous based food simulants, by exposure in a standard cell for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, but is particularly applicable to those materials consisting of more than one layer or of surfaces that differ in their migration characteristics,...

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of finished articles, which are intended to come into contact with a fatty foodstuff, by filling the finished article with olive oil and leaving for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. Testing samples by this method enables testing of non-homogeneous articles providing that they are not too large. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of containers and articles that can be filled.

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by forming the plastics film or sheet into standard pouches and exposure to the aqueous food simulant for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. A standard pouch is a pouch with the dimensions as described in 6.2. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets which are sealable by heat or pressure.

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, into aqueous based food simulants, by exposure in a standard cell for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets, but is particularly applicable to those materials consisting of more than one layer or of surfaces that differ in their migration characteristics,...

This part of this European Prestandard describes a method of test for the determination of the overall migration from one surface only of plastics in the form of sheet and film, which are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, by forming the plastics film or sheet into standard pouches and exposure to olive oil for 10 days, 24 h or 2 h at 40 °C or for 2 h at 70 °C. A standard pouch is a pouch with the dimensions as defined in 6.3. This method is most suitable for plastics in the form of films and sheets which are sealable by heat or pressure,...