ASTM E1735-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems from 4 to 25 MeV
Standard Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems from 4 to 25 MeV
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides a practice for determining the relative image quality response of a radiographic detector (film, CR imaging plate, or DDA) when exposed to 4 to 25 MeV X-rays as any single component of the total X-ray system (for example, screens) is varied.
4.2 The practice is not intended to be used to compare two different systems or imaging types.
4.3 The approach uses RIQR evaluations of film and non-film imaging systems when exposed through an absorber material. Three alternate data evaluation methods are provided in Section 8. Determining RIQR requires the comparison of at least two radiographs or radiographic processes whereby the relative degree of image quality difference may be determined using the EPS plaque arrangement of Fig. 1 as a relative image quality indicator (RIQI). In conjunction with the RIQI, a specified radiographic technique or method must be established and carefully controlled for each radiographic process. This practice is designed to allow the determination of subtle changes in EPS that may arise to radiographic imaging system performance levels resultant from process improvements/changes, technique changes, or change of equipment attributes. This practice does not address relative unsharpness of a radiographic imaging system as provided in Practice E2002. The common element with any relative comparison is the use of the same RIQI arrangement for both processes under evaluation.
4.4 In addition to the standard evaluation method described in Section 8, there may be other techniques/methods in which the basic RIQR arrangement of Fig. 1 might be utilized to perform specialized assessments of relative image quality performance. For example, other radiographic variables can be altered to facilitate evaluations provided these differences are known and documented for both processes. Where multiple radiographic process variables are evaluated, it is incumbent upon the user of this practice to control those normal process attr...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a practice whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems or specific factors that affect image quality (that is, hardware, techniques, etc.) may be comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image quality response (RIQR) when exposed to X-radiation sources having photon energies from 4 to 25 MeV. The RIQR method presented within this practice is based upon the use of equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within Practice E1025 and Section 5 of this practice. For special applications, the user may design a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration; however, the RIQI configuration shall be controlled by a drawing similar to Fig. 1. Use of a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration shall be described in the user’s written technique and approved by the RT Level III.
1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a specimen undergoing radiographic examination.
1.3 This practice is not intended to be used to classify or derive performance classification categories for radiographic imaging systems. For example, performance classifications of radiographic film systems may be found within Test Method E1815, manufacturer characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems may be found in Practice E2446, and manufacturer characterization of digital Detector Array (DDA) systems may be found in Practice E2597.
1.4 This standard is not intended to be used with Cobalt 60 sources or X-ray sources below 4 MeV. For low energy X-ray applications (below 4 MeV), Test Method E746 provides a similar RIQR standard practice.
1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concer...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1735 − 19
Standard Practice for
Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial
1
Radiographic Imaging Systems from 4 to 25 MeV
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This standard provides a practice whereby industrial
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiographic imaging systems or specific factors that affect
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
image quality (that is, hardware, techniques, etc.) may be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
quality response (RIQR) when exposed to X-radiation sources
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
having photon energies from 4 to 25 MeV. The RIQR method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
presented within this practice is based upon the use of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Practice E1025 and Section 5 of this practice. For special
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
applications, the user may design a non-standard RIQI-
absorber configuration; however, the RIQI configuration shall
2. Referenced Documents
be controlled by a drawing similar to Fig. 1. Use of a
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
non-standardRIQI-absorberconfigurationshallbedescribedin
E746Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re-
the user’s written technique and approved by the RT Level III.
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance
E999Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a
graphic Film Processing
radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
specimen undergoing radiographic examination.
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
1.3 This practice is not intended to be used to classify or
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
derive performance classification categories for radiographic
E1079Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
imaging systems. For example, performance classifications of eters
radiographic film systems may be found within Test Method
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1815, manufacturer characterization of computed radiogra- E1815Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
phy (CR) systems may be found in Practice E2446, and
Industrial Radiography
manufacturercharacterizationofdigitalDetectorArray(DDA) E2002Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness
systems may be found in Practice E2597.
and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radios-
copy
1.4 This standard is not intended to be used with Cobalt 60
E2033Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Com-
sources or X-ray sources below 4 MeV. For low energy X-ray
puted Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence
applications (below 4 MeV), Test Method E746 provides a
Method)
similar RIQR standard practice.
E2446Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Com-
1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
puted Radiography Systems
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
E2597Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digi-
are for information only.
tal Detector Arrays
E2698Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital
Detector Arrays
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
2
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1735–07(2014). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E1735-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1735 − 07 (Reapproved 2014) E1735 − 19
Standard Test Method Practice for
Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial
Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation Imaging Systems
1
from 4 to 25 MeV
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the relative image quality response of industrial radiographic film when exposed
to X-radiation sources having photon energies from 4 to 25 MeV. Evaluation of the film is based on the visibility of holes in a
special image quality indicator (IQI). Since results for a given film type may vary, depending on the particular processing system
and processing conditions used, it is essential to state the exposure parameters and achieved density, processing chemistry,
processing cycle, and processing temperature. For the purposes of this test method, it is assumed that all components of the X-ray
system are operating properly and are capable of producing a given image quality. This test method is not intended to be used for
films exposed with Cobalt 60 sources or X-ray sources below 4 MeV.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiography
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to gamma and X-radiology are found in Terminology E1316.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides a test for determining the relative image quality response of radiographic film when exposed to
4 to 25 MeV X rays as any single component of the total X-ray system (for example, screens) is varied. By holding the technique
parameters (except exposure time) and processing parameters constant, the image quality response of radiographic film may be
evaluated on a relative basis.
4.2 Alternately, this test method provides a test for measuring the image quality of the X-ray system or any component of the
system.
5. Test Specimen
5.1 The test specimen will consist of a 15-cm (6-in.) steel absorber with a special IQI placed on the radiation (source) side of
the absorber.
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This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2019. Published July 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072014 as
E1735 - 07.E1735 – 07(2014). DOI: 10.1520/E1735-07R14.10.1520/E1735-19.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1735 − 19
5.1.1 Absorber—The absorber shall be made of carbon steel or Type 300 stainless steel. The thickness of 15 cm (6 in.) can be
achieved by stacking thinner plates whose length and width shall be at least 20 by 25 cm (8 by 10 in.). The surface finish of the
top and bottom of the absorber shall be a maximum of 6.3-μm (250-μin.) R ground finish.
a
5.1.2 Image Quality Indicator—The IQI shall be fabricated of carbon steel or Type 300 stainless steel and shall conform to Fig.
1. The IQI steps, identified as Plaques A-D, may be fabricated separately and then taped together, as shown in Fig. 1, using suitable
tape to form the array as shown. The tape shall not cover any of the holes in the IQI. The surface finish of the IQI top and bottom
surfaces shall be a maximum of 6.3-μm (250-μin.) R g
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