EN ISO 16283-3:2016

Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 3: Façade sound insulation (ISO 16283-3:2016)

ISO 16283-3:2016 specifies procedures to determine the airborne sound insulation of façade elements (element methods) and whole façades (global methods) using sound pressure measurements. These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m3 to 250 m3 in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz.
The test results can be used to quantify, assess, and compare the airborne sound insulation in unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field can or cannot approximate to a diffuse field. The measured airborne sound insulation is frequency-dependent and can be converted into a single number quantity to characterize the acoustic performance using the rating procedures in ISO 717-1.

Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen am Bau - Teil 3: Fassadenschalldämmung (ISO 16283-3:2016)

Dieser Teil der ISO 16283 legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Luftschalldämmung von Fassadenbauteilen (Bauteil-Verfahren) und ganzen Fassaden (Gesamt-Verfahren) durch Schalldruckmessungen fest. Diese Verfahren sind für Raumvolumen im Bereich von 10 m3 bis 250 m3 und den Frequenzbereich von 50 Hz bis 5 000 Hz vorgesehen.
Die Prüfergebnisse können genutzt werden, um die Luftschalldämmung in unmöblierten und möblierten Räumen quantitativ zu bestimmen, zu beurteilen und miteinander zu vergleichen, wobei das Schallfeld annähernd in etwa einem diffusen Schallfeld entsprechen kann, oder nicht. Die gemessene Luftschalldämmung ist von der Frequenz abhängig und kann in eine Einzahlangabe umgewandelt werden, um unter Anwendung der Bewertungsverfahren nach ISO 717-1 die akustische Wirkung zu charakterisieren.
Das Ziel der Bauteil-Verfahren besteht in der Abschätzung des Schalldämm-Maßes eines Fassadenbauteils, beispielsweise eines Fensters. Beim genauesten Bauteil-Verfahren kommt ein Lautsprecher als künstliche Schallquelle zum Einsatz. Weitere, weniger genaue Bauteil-Verfahren nutzen die vorliegenden Verkehrs-geräusche. Das Ziel der Gesamt-Verfahren andererseits besteht in der Abschätzung der Differenz der Schallpegel im Freien und im Gebäude unter tatsächlichen Verkehrsbedingungen. Bei den genauesten Gesamt-Verfahren wird der tatsächliche Verkehr als Schallquelle genutzt. Sofern der durch die Verkehrsgeräusche erzeugte Schallpegel innerhalb des Raums unzureichend ist, kann ein Lautsprecher als künstliche Schallquelle genutzt werden. Ein Überblick über die Verfahren ist in Tabelle 1 angegeben.

Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolement acoustique des bâtiments et des éléments de construction - Partie 3: Isolement aux bruits de façades (ISO 16283-3:2016)

ISO 16283-3:2016 spécifie les modes opératoires permettant de déterminer l'isolement acoustique aux bruits aériens des éléments de façade (méthodes par éléments) et des façades entières (méthodes globales) à l'aide de mesurages de la pression acoustique. Ces modes opératoires s'appliquent aux salles dont le volume est compris entre 10 m3 et 250 m3 aux fréquences comprises entre 50 Hz et 5 000 Hz.
Les résultats des essais peuvent être utilisés pour quantifier, évaluer et comparer l'isolement aux bruits aériens de salles non meublées ou meublées dans lesquelles le champ acoustique peut, ou ne peut pas, être assimilé à un champ diffus. L'isolement aux bruits aériens mesuré dépend de la fréquence et peut être converti en un indice unique qui caractérise la performance acoustique à l'aide des modes opératoires d'évaluation spécifiés dans l'ISO 717‑1.

Akustika - Terenska merjenja zvočne izolirnosti v stavbah in stavbnih elementih - 3. del: Izolirnost fasade (ISO 16283-3:2016)

Ta del standarda ISO 16283 določa postopke za določevanje izolirnosti fasadnih elementov (elementne metode) in celotnih fasad (globalne metode) pred zvokom v zraku na podlagi meritev zvočnega tlaka. Ti postopki so namenjeni prostorom s prostornino 10–250 m3 v frekvenčnem območju 50–5000 Hz.
Rezultate preskusa je mogoče uporabiti za kvantifikacijo, ovrednotenje in primerjavo izolirnosti pred zvokom v zraku v neopremljenih ali opremljenih prostorih, kjer je zvočno polje lahko podobno razpršenemu polju ali pa ne. Izmerjena izolirnost pred zvokom v zraku je odvisna od frekvence in jo je mogoče pretvoriti v količino, označeno z eno številko, za opredelitev akustičnih lastnosti na podlagi ocenjevalnih postopkov v standardu ISO 717-1.
Elementne metode so namenjene za oceno zvočne izolirnosti fasadnega elementa, npr. okna. Najnatančnejša elementna metoda uporablja zvočnik kot umetni vir zvoka. Druge manj natančne elementne metode uporabljajo razpoložljiv hrup prometa. Globalne metode po drugi strani so namenjene za oceno razlike v ravni zvoka na prostem/v zaprtih prostorih pri dejanskih razmerah v prometu. Najnatančnejše globalne metode uporabljajo dejanski promet kot vir zvoka. Kadar je raven hrupa prometa v zaprtem prostoru nezadostna, se lahko kot umetni vir zvoka uporabi zvočnik. Pregled metod je podan v preglednici 1.
Elementna metoda z zvočnikom poda privzeto gradbeno zvočno izolirnost, ki jo je mogoče v določenih
okoliščinah primerjati z zvočno izolirnostjo, izmerjeno v laboratorijih v skladu s standardom ISO 10140. Ta metoda je priporočljiva, kadar je namen meritve ocena zmogljivosti določenega fasadnega elementa glede na njegovo zmogljivost v laboratoriju.
Elementna metoda s cestnim prometom se uporablja za enake namene kot elementna metoda z zvočnikom. Uporabna je zlasti, kadar elementne metode z zvočnikom ni mogoče uporabiti zaradi različnih praktičnih razlogov. Rezultati obeh metod se ponavadi nekoliko razlikujejo. Vrednosti zvočne izolirnosti pri metodi s cestnim prometom so običajno nižje kot pri metodi z zvočnikom. V dodatku D je ta metoda s cestnim prometom nadomeščena z ustreznimi metodami z letalskim in železniškim prometom. Rezultat globalne metode s cestnim prometom je dejanska zvočna izolirnost fasade na danem mestu glede na položaj 2 m stran od fasade. Ta metoda je priporočljiva, kadar je namen meritve ocena zmogljivosti celotne fasade, vključno z vsemi stranskimi potmi, v določenem položaju glede na bližnje ceste. Tega rezultata ni mogoče primerjati z rezultati laboratorijskih meritev. Rezultat globalne metode z zvočnikom je dejanska zvočna izolirnost fasade glede na položaj 2 m stran od fasade. Ta metoda je uporabna zlasti, kadar dejanskega vira ni mogoče uporabiti zaradi praktičnih razlogov, vendar pa rezultata ni mogoče primerjati z rezultati laboratorijskih meritev.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Feb-2016
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Aug-2016
• ICS: 91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
• ICS: 91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 126 - Acoustic properties of building products and of buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 126 - Acoustic properties of building products and of buildings
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 24-Feb-2016
• Completion Date: 24-Feb-2016
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 16283-3:2016 - Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 3: Façade sound insulation (ISO 16283-3:2016)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 140-5:1998 - Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façade elements and façades (ISO 140-5:1998)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaces: EN ISO 140-14:2004 - Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 14: Guidelines for special situations in the field (ISO 140-14:2004)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaces: EN ISO 140-14:2004/AC:2009 - Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 14: Guidelines for special situations in the field (ISO 140-14:2004/Cor 1:2007)
• Effective Date: 02-Mar-2016

Overview

EN ISO 16283-3:2016 (CEN adoption of ISO 16283-3:2016) defines in‑situ field measurement procedures for façade sound insulation. It specifies methods to determine the airborne sound insulation of façade elements (element methods) and whole façades (global methods) using sound pressure measurements. The standard applies to test rooms with volumes from 10 m³ to 250 m³ over the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz. Results are frequency‑dependent and can be converted to single‑number ratings using ISO 717‑1.

Keywords: façade sound insulation, field measurement, EN ISO 16283-3, airborne sound insulation, building acoustics.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Measurement methods: element methods (test surface level) and global methods (whole façade performance).
• Sound sources: controlled loudspeaker procedures and passive sources such as road traffic; requirements and test setups for both.
• Indoor measurements: defined microphone positions, averaging times and procedures (fixed, mechanized moving, manually scanned).
• Low‑frequency procedures: special measurement and averaging rules where low‑frequency accuracy is required.
• Reverberation time: requirements for measuring receiving‑room reverberation (interrupted noise and integrated impulse response methods).
• Outdoor measurements: loudspeaker placement, outdoor microphone locations and verification for element/global approaches.
• Background noise: criteria and corrections to account for ambient noise during tests.
• Data handling: conversion to octave bands, expression of results, uncertainty assessment and required test reporting content.
• Normative annexes: area determination, control of transmission paths, loudspeaker requirements and example verification forms.

Practical applications

• Pre‑ and post‑construction verification of façade acoustic performance.
• Product development and certification of windows, curtain walls, ventilators and façade assemblies.
• Compliance testing for building regulations and acoustic performance specifications.
• Acoustic consultancy for noise mitigation design (e.g., façade upgrades, glazing replacement).
• Urban noise assessment where façade exposure to road, rail or aircraft noise is verified.

Use cases: in‑situ façade acoustic testing, commissioning, retrofit assessment, and comparative performance evaluation.

Who uses this standard

• Acoustic consultants and test laboratories performing field measurements.
• Façade and window manufacturers validating product performance.
• Building engineers, architects and site inspectors responsible for regulatory compliance.
• Research institutions studying real‑world façade acoustics.

Related standards

• ISO 717‑1 - rating procedures to convert frequency‑dependent results into single‑number quantities.
• EN ISO 16283‑3 supersedes earlier standards EN ISO 140‑14:2004 and EN ISO 140‑5:1998 (as noted in the EN foreword).

EN ISO 16283-3 is essential for reliable, repeatable in‑situ measurement of façade airborne sound insulation and for producing evidence suitable for regulatory compliance, product verification and acoustic design.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 140-14:2005
SIST EN ISO 140-14:2005/AC:2009
SIST EN ISO 140-5:1999
$NXVWLND7HUHQVNDPHUMHQMD]YRþQHL]ROLUQRVWLYVWDYEDKLQVWDYEQLKHOHPHQWLK
GHO,]ROLUQRVWIDVDGH,62
Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements -
Part 3: Façade sound insulation (ISO 16283-3:2016)
Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen am Bau - Teil 3:
Fassadenschalldämmung (ISO 16283-3:2016)
Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolement acoustique des bâtiments et des éléments
de construction - Partie 3: Isolement aux bruits de façades (ISO 16283-3:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16283-3:2016
ICS:
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 16283-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.20; 91.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 140-14:2004, EN ISO 140-5:1998
English Version
Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in
buildings and of building elements - Part 3: Façade sound
insulation (ISO 16283-3:2016)
Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolement Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden
acoustique des bâtiments et des éléments de und von Bauteilen am Bau - Teil 3:
construction - Partie 3: Isolement aux bruits de façades Fassadenschalldämmung (ISO 16283-3:2016)
(ISO 16283-3:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16283-3:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16283-3:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
“Acoustics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building
elements and of buildings” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 140-14:2004, EN ISO 140-5:1998.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16283-3:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16283-3:2016 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16283-3
First edition
2016-02-01
Acoustics — Field measurement of
sound insulation in buildings and of
building elements —
Part 3:
Façade sound insulation
Acoustique — Mesurage in situ de l'isolement acoustique
des bâtiments et des éléments de construction —
Partie 3: Isolement aux bruits de façades
Reference number
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Instrumentation . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Calibration . 8
4.3 Verification . 8
5 Frequency range . 9
6 General . 9
7 Indoor sound pressure level measurements .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Default procedure .11
7.2.1 Fixed microphone positions.11
7.2.2 Mechanized continuously-moving microphone.11
7.2.3 Manually scanned microphone .11
7.2.4 Minimum distances for microphone positions .13
7.2.5 Averaging times .13
7.2.6 Calculation of energy-average sound pressure levels .14
7.3 Low-frequency procedure (element or global loudspeaker methods) .15
7.3.1 General.15
7.3.2 Microphone positions .15
7.3.3 Averaging time .15
7.3.4 Calculation of low-frequency energy-average sound pressure levels .16
7.4 Background noise (default and low-frequency procedure) .16
7.4.1 General.16
7.4.2 Correction to the signal level for background noise .17
8 Reverberation time measurements in the receiving room (default and low-
frequency procedure) .17
8.1 General .17
8.2 Generation of sound field .17
8.3 Default procedure .18
8.4 Low-frequency procedure .18
8.5 Interrupted noise method .18
8.6 Integrated impulse response method .18
9 Outdoor measurements using a loudspeaker as a sound source (default and low-
frequency procedure) .19
9.1 General .19
9.2 Generation of the sound field .19
9.3 Loudspeaker requirements .19
9.4 Loudspeaker positions .20
9.5 Element loudspeaker method .20
9.5.1 Outdoor sound pressure level measurements on the test surface .20
9.6 Global loudspeaker method .21
9.6.1 Outdoor sound pressure level measurements near the façade .21
9.6.2 Large rooms or façades comprising more than one outside wall .21
9.6.3 Calculation of measurement results .21
10 Outdoor measurements using road traffic as a sound source (default procedure) .21
10.1 General .21
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
10.2 Test requirements .22
10.3 Element road traffic method .22
10.3.1 General.22
10.3.2 Requirements on road traffic and façade geometry .22
10.3.3 Outdoor sound pressure level measurements on the test surface .23
10.4 Global road traffic method .23
10.4.1 Outdoor sound pressure level measurements at a distance of 2 m in front
of the façade .23
10.4.2 Calculation of measurement results .24
11 Conversion to octave bands .24
12 Expression of results .25
13 Uncertainty .26
14 Test report .26
Annex A (normative) Determination of area, S.27
Annex B (normative) Control of sound transmission through the wall surrounding the
test specimen .28
Annex C (normative) Requirements for loudspeakers .29
Annex D (informative) Examples of verification of test requirements .30
Annex E (informative) Measurements with aircraft and railway traffic noise (default procedure) 31
Annex F (informative) Forms for recording results .35
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building
acoustics.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 140-5:1998 and ISO 140-14:2004, which have been
technically revised.
ISO 16283 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics — Field measurement of
sound insulation in buildings and of building elements:
— Part 1: Airborne sound insulation
— Part 2: Impact sound insulation
— Part 3: Façade sound insulation
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
Introduction
ISO 16283 (all parts) describes procedures for field measurements of sound insulation in buildings.
Airborne, impact, and façade sound insulation are described in ISO 16283-1, ISO 16283-2, and in this
part of ISO 16283, respectively.
Field sound insulation measurements that were described previously in ISO 140-4, ISO 140-5, and
ISO 140-7 were (a) primarily intended for measurements where the sound field could be considered
to be diffuse and (b) not explicit as to whether operators could be present in the rooms during the
measurement. ISO 16283 differs from ISO 140-4, ISO 140-5, and ISO 140-7 in that (a) it applies to rooms
in which the sound field can or cannot approximate to a diffuse field, (b) it clarifies how operators
can measure the sound field using a hand-held microphone or sound level metre, and (c) it includes
additional guidance that was previously contained in ISO 140-14.
NOTE Survey test methods for field measurements of façade sound insulation are dealt with in ISO 10052.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
Acoustics — Field measurement of sound insulation in
buildings and of building elements —
Part 3:
Façade sound insulation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16283 specifies procedures to determine the airborne sound insulation of façade
elements (element methods) and whole façades (global methods) using sound pressure measurements.
3 3
These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m to 250 m in the frequency
range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz.
The test results can be used to quantify, assess, and compare the airborne sound insulation in
unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field can or cannot approximate to a diffuse field. The
measured airborne sound insulation is frequency-dependent and can be converted into a single number
quantity to characterize the acoustic performance using the rating procedures in ISO 717-1.
The element methods aim to estimate the sound reduction index of a façade element, for example, a
window. The most accurate element method uses a loudspeaker as an artificial sound source. Other
less accurate element methods use available traffic noise. The global methods, on the other hand, aim to
estimate the outdoor/indoor sound level difference under actual traffic conditions. The most accurate
global methods use the actual traffic as sound source. A loudspeaker can be used as an artificial sound
source when there is insufficient level from traffic noise inside the room. An overview of the methods is
given in Table 1.
The element loudspeaker method yields an apparent sound reduction index which, under certain
circumstances, can be compared with the sound reduction index measured in laboratories in accordance
with ISO 10140. This method is the preferred method when the aim of the measurement is to evaluate
the performance of a specified façade element in relation to its performance in the laboratory.
The element road traffic method will serve the same purposes as the element loudspeaker method. It
is particularly useful when, for different practical reasons, the element loudspeaker method cannot be
used. These two methods will often yield slightly different results. The road traffic method tends to
result in lower values of the sound reduction index than the loudspeaker method. In Annex D, this road
traffic method is supplemented by the corresponding aircraft and railway traffic methods.
The global road traffic method yields the real reduction of a façade in a given place relative to a position
2 m in front of the façade. This method is the preferred method when the aim of the measurement is to
evaluate the performance of a whole façade, including all flanking paths, in a specified position relative
to nearby roads. The result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.
The global loudspeaker method yields the sound reduction of a façade relative to a position that is 2 m
in front of the façade. This method is particularly useful when, for practical reasons, the real source
cannot be used; however, the result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
Table 1 — Overview of the different measurement methods
Reference in
No. Method this part of Result Field of application
ISO 16283
Element
Element Preferred method to estimate the apparent
1 9.5 R’
45°
loudspeaker sound reduction index of façade elements
Alternative to method No.1 when road
Element road
2 10.3 R’ traffic as a sound source provides a
tr,s
traffic
sufficient level
Element Alternative to method No.1 when railway
3 railway Annex E R’ traffic as a sound source provides a
rt,s
traffic sufficient level
Element Alternative to method No.1 when aircraft
4 aircraft Annex E R’ traffic as a sound source provides a
at,s
traffic sufficient level
Global
D
ls,2m,nT
Global
5 9.6 Alternative to methods Nos. 6, 7, and 8
loudspeaker
D
ls,2m,n
Preferred method to estimate the global
D
tr,2m,nT
Global road
6 10.4 sound insulation of a façade exposed to road
traffic
D
tr,2m,n
traffic as a sound source
Global Preferred method to estimate the global
D
rt,2m,nT
7 railway Annex E sound insulation of a façade exposed to
D
rt,2m,n
traffic railway traffic as a sound source
Global Preferred method to estimate the global
D
at,2m,nT
8 aircraft Annex E sound insulation of a façade exposed to
D
at,2m,n
traffic aircraft traffic as a sound source
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 717-1, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne
sound insulation
ISO 3382-2, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in
ordinary rooms
ISO 12999-1, Acoustics — Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
acoustics — Part 1: Sound insulation
ISO 15712-3, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance
of elements — Part 3: Airborne sound insulation against outdoor sound
ISO 18233, Acoustics — Application of new measurement methods in building and room acoustics
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61183, Electroacoustics — Random-incidence and diffuse-field calibration of sound level meters
IEC 61260, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
average outdoor sound pressure level on the test surface
L
1,s
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the surface and time average of the squared sound
pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure, the surface average being taken over the entire
test surface including reflecting effects from the test specimen and façade
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
1,s
3.2
average outdoor sound pressure level at a distance 2m in front of the façade
L
1,2m
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the time average of the squared sound pressure to the
square of the reference sound pressure, at a position 2 m in front of the façade
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
1,2m
3.3
energy-average sound pressure level in a room
L
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound
pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average is taken over the central zone
of the room where the nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
3.4
corner sound pressure level in a room
L
2,Corner
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the highest time average squared sound pressure from
the set of corner measurements to the square of the reference sound pressure, for the low-frequency
range (50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz one-third octave bands)
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
2,Corner
3.5
low-frequency energy-average sound pressure level in a room
L
2,LF
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound
pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure in the low-frequency range (50 Hz, 63 Hz, and
80 Hz one-third octave bands) where the space average is a weighted average that is calculated using
the room corners where the sound pressure levels are highest and the central zone of the room where
the nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
2,LF
Note 2 to entry: L is an estimate of the energy-average sound pressure level for the entire room volume.
2,LF
3.6
reverberation time
T
time required for the sound pressure level in a room to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source has
stopped
Note 1 to entry: T is expressed in seconds.
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
3.7
background noise level
measured sound pressure level in the receiving room from all sources except the sound source used for
the measurement
3.8
fixed microphone
microphone that is fixed in space by using a device such as a tripod so that it is stationary
3.9
mechanized continuously-moving microphone
microphone that is mechanically moved with approximately constant angular speed in a circle, or is
mechanically swept along a circular path where the angle of rotation about a fixed axis is between
270° and 360°
3.10
manually-scanned microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level metre or an extension rod that is moved by a human
operator along a prescribed path
3.11
manually-held microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level metre or a rod that is hand-held at a fixed position by a
human operator at a distance at least an arm’s length from the trunk of the operator’s body
3.12
apparent sound reduction index
R’
45°
measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when the sound source is a loudspeaker
at an angle of incidence is 45° and the outside microphone position is on the test surface, which is given
by ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the sound power, W , which is incident on a test
1,45°
element when the angle of sound incidence is 45° to the total sound power radiated into the receiving
room if, in addition to the sound power, W , radiated by the test element, the sound power, W , radiated
2 3
by flanking elements or by other components, is significant
W
14, 5°
'
R =10lg
45°
WW+
for which the apparent sound reduction index is evaluated using the following formula:
S
'
RL=−L +−10lg 15, dB
45° 12,s
A
where
S is the area of the test specimen, in square metres, determined as given in Annex A;
A is the equivalent absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: R’ is expressed in decibels.
45°
Note 2 to entry: In general, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room consists of the sum of several
components from different elements (window, ventilator, door, wall, etc.).
Note 3 to entry: The second formula is based on the assumption that the sound is incident from one angle only,
45°, and the sound field in the receiving room approximates to a diffuse field.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
3.13
apparent sound reduction index
R’
tr,s
measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when the sound source is road traffic
and the outside microphone position is on the test surface for which the apparent sound reduction
index is evaluated using the following formula:
S
'
RL=−L +−10lg 3dB
tr,s 12,s
A
where
S is the area of the test specimen, in square metres, determined as given in Annex A;
A is the equivalent absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: R’ is expressed in decibels.
tr,s
Note 2 to entry: The formula is based on the assumption that the sound is incident from all angles, and the sound
field in the receiving room approximates to a diffuse field.
3.14
level difference
D
2m
level difference between L and L evaluated using the following formula:
1,2m 2
DL=−L
2m 1,2m 2
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
2m
Note 2 to entry: The notation is D when traffic noise is used as the sound source, and D when a
tr,2m ls,2m
loudspeaker is used.
3.15
standardized level difference
D
2m,nT
level difference (3.14) that is standardized to a reference value of the reverberation time (3.6) in the
receiving room and calculated using the following formula:
T
DD=+10lg
2m,nT 2m
T
where
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room;
T is the reference reverberation time; for dwellings, T = 0,5 s.
0 0
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
2m,nT
Note 2 to entry: The level difference is referenced to a reverberation time of 0,5 s because in dwellings with
furniture the reverberation time has been found to be reasonably independent of volume and frequency and to
be approximately equal to 0,5 s.
Note 3 to entry: The notation is D when traffic noise is used as the sound source, and D when a
tr,2m,nT ls,2m,nT
loudspeaker is used.
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
3.16
normalized level difference
D
2m,n
level difference (3.14) that is normalized to a reference value of the absorption area in the receiving
room and calculated using the following formula:
A
DD=−10lg
2m,n 2m
A
where
A is the reference absorption area; for dwellings, A = 10 m
0 0
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
2m,n
Note 2 to entry: The notation is D when traffic noise is used as the sound source, and D when a
tr,2m,n ls,2m,n
loudspeaker is used.
3.17
equivalent absorption area
A
sound absorption area which is calculated using Sabine’s formula
01, 6V
A=
T
where
V is the receiving room volume, in cubic metres;
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room.
Note 1 to entry: A is expressed in square metres.
3.18
single event level
L
E
single event level of a discrete noise event calculated using the following formula:
t
pt
()
L =10lg dt
E ∫
t
p
t 0
where
p(t) is the instantaneous sound pressure, in Pascals;
t -t is a stated time interval long enough to encompass all significant sound energy of a stated
2 1
event;
p is the reference sound pressure, with p = 20 μPa;
0 0
t is the reference duration, with t = 1s.
0 0
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
E
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
3.19
single event level difference
D
E,2m
level difference between the outdoor single event level (3.18), L , and the space and time average
E1,2m
single event level, L , in the receiving room and calculated using the following formula:
E2
DL=−L
E,2m EE12, m 2
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
E,2m
Note 2 to entry: The notation is D when aircraft traffic is used as the sound source and D when
at,E,2m rt,E,2m
railway traffic is used as the sound source.
3.20
standardized single event level difference
D
E,2m,nT
single event level difference (3.19) that is standardized to a reference value of the reverberation time
(3.6) in the receiving room and calculated using the following formula:
T
DD=+10lg
E,2m,nTmE,2
T
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
E,2m,nT
Note 2 to entry: The notation is D when aircraft traffic is used as the sound source, and D when
at,E,2m,nT rt,E,2m,nT
railway traffic is used as the sound source.
3.21
normalized single event level difference
D
E,2m,n
single event level difference (3.19) that is normalized to a reference value of the absorption area in the
receiving room and calculated using the following formula:
A
DD=−10lg
E,2m,n E,2m
A
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
E,2m,n
Note 2 to entry: The notation is D when aircraft traffic is used as the sound source, and D when
at,E,2m,n rt,E,2m,n
railway traffic is used as the sound source.
3.22
apparent sound reduction index
R’
at,s
measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when the sound source is aircraft traffic
and the outside microphone position is on the test surface, it is calculated using the following formula:
S
'
RL=−L +−10lg 3dB
at,s Es12, E
A
where
L is the spatial average value of the single event level on the surface of the test specimen which
E1,s
includes the effect of reflections from the test specimen and façade;
L is the average value of the single event level in the receiving room;
E2
S is the area of the test specimen, in square metres;
ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
A is the equivalent absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: R’ is expressed in decibels.
at,s
3.23
apparent sound reduction index
R’
rt,s
measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when the sound source is railway traffic
and the outside microphone position is on the test surface, it is calculated using the following formula:
S
'
RL=−L +−10lg 3dB
rt,s Es12, E
A
where
L is the spatial average value of the single event level on the surface of the test specimen which
E1,s
includes the effect of reflections from the test specimen and façade;
L is the average value of the single event level in the receiving room;
E2
S is the area of the test specimen, in square metres;
A is the equivalent absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: R’ is expressed in decibels.
rt,s
4 Instrumentation
4.1 General
The instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphone(s) as well as cable(s),
windscreen(s), recording devices, and other accessories, if used, shall meet the requirements for a class
0 or 1 instrument according to IEC 61672-1 for random incidence application.
The microphone used for surface measurements shall have a maximum diameter of 13 mm.
Filters shall meet the requirements for a class 0 or class 1 instrument according to IEC 61260.
The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in
ISO 3382-2.
4.2 Calibration
At the beginning and at the end of every measurement session and at least at the beginning and the end
of each measurement day, the entire sound pressure level measuring system shall be checked at one
or more frequencies by means of a sound calibrator meeting the requirements for a class 0 or class 1
instrument according to IEC 60942. Each time the calibrator is used, the sound pressure level measured
with the calibrator should be noted in the field documentation of the operator. Without any further
adjustment, the difference between the readings of two consecutive checks shall be less or equal to
0,5 dB. If this value is exceeded, the results of measurements obtained after the previous satisfactory
check shall be discarded.
4.3 Verification
Compliance of the sound pressure level measuring instrument, the filters and the sound calibrator
with the relevant requirements shall be verified by the existence of a valid certificate of compliance.
If applicable, random incidence response of the microphone shall be verified by a procedure from
IEC 61183. All compliance testing shall be conducted by a laboratory being accredited or otherwise
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 16283-3:2016(E)
nationally authorized to perform the relevant tests and calibrations and ensuring metrological
traceability to the appropriate measurement standards.
Unless national regulations dictate otherwise, it is recommended that the sound calibrator should be
calibrated at intervals not exceeding 1 year, the compliance of the instrumentation system with the
requirements of IEC 61672-1 should be verified at intervals not exceeding two years, and the compliance
of the filter set with the requirements of IEC 61260 should be verified at intervals not exceeding two years.
5 Frequency range
All quantities shall be measured using one-third octave band filters having at least the following centre
frequencies, in hertz:
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1 000, 1 250, 1 600, 2 000, 2 500, 3 150
If additional information in the low-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with
the following centre frequencies, in hertz:
50, 63, 80
If additional information in the high-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with
the following centre frequencies, in hertz:
4 000, 5 000
Measurement of additional information in the low- and high-frequency ranges is optional.
6 General
Determination of the façade sound insulation according to this part of ISO 16283 requires that the
sound source is outdoors. The measurements that are required include the sound pressure levels near
the façade and in the room with the source(s) operating, the background noise in the receiving room
when the loudspeaker is switched off or the actual sources are not present, and the reverberation times
in the receiving room.
For the element and global loudspeaker methods, two measurement procedures are described that
shall be used for the sound pressure level, the reverberation time and the background noise; a default
procedure and an additional low-frequency procedure. For the element and global road traffic methods,
only the default procedure shall be used.
NOTE 1 At present, there is no experience using the low-frequency procedure with road traffic (or air or
railway traffic) as a sound source, but problems may arise due to the uncertainty in ensuring that the signal is
above background.
For the sound pressure level and the background noise, the default procedure for all frequencies
is to use a fixed microphone or a manually-held microphone moved from one position to another, an
array of fixed microphones, a mechanized continuously-moving microphone, or a manually-scanned
microphone. These measurements are taken in the central zone of a room at positions away from the
room boundaries. Different approaches are described to sample the sound pressure so that the operator
can choose the most suitable approac
...