SIST EN 13361:2018
(Main)Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
This document specifies the relevant characteristics of geosynthetic barriers, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers, to be used as fluid barriers in the construction of reservoirs and dams, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics. The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of water through the construction. This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products. This document provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this document. This document defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and their authorised representatives with regard to the presentation of product properties. This document does not cover applications where the geosynthetic barrier is to be in contact with water that has been treated for human consumption.
NOTE: Where potable water is or may be in direct contact with the product the designer should also refer to other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations.
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sind
Dieses Dokument legt die relevanten Eigenschaften von geosynthetischen Dichtungsbahnen, einschließlich geosynthetische Kunststoff-, Ton- und Bitumendichtungsbahnen, die als Abdichtung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen für Trink-, Süß- oder Salzwasser verwendet werden, und die geeigneten Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Eigenschaften fest.
Die bestimmungsgemäße Anwendung dieser Produkte ist das Durchsickern von Trink-, Süß- oder Salzwasser durch das Bauwerk zu kontrollieren.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf Geotextilien oder geotextilverwandte Produkte im Sinne der Definition von EN ISO 10318-1.
Dieses Dokument behandelt die Bewertung und Überprüfung der Leistungsbeständigkeit des Produkts nach dieser Europäischen Norm und Verfahren für die werkseigene Produktionskontrolle.
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen fest, die von den Herstellern und ihren autorisierten Vertretern in Bezug auf die Darstellung der Produkteigenschaften eingehalten werden müssen.
Wo Trinkwasser in direkten Kontakt mit dem Produkt kommt oder kommen soll, muss sich der Planer auf andere zutreffende Normen, Anforderungen und/oder Bestimmungen beziehen.
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et des barrages
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques applicables aux géosynthétiques d'étanchéité incluant les géomembranes polymériques, les géosynthétiques bentonitiques et les géomembranes bitumineuses utilisés comme barrière aux fluides ou couche de séparation pour l’eau dans la construction de réservoirs et de barrages, ainsi que les méthodes d'essai appropriées pour déterminer ces caractéristiques.
Ces produits sont destinés à contrôler les fuites d'eau potable, douce ou saline à travers la construction.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux géotextiles ou produits apparentés, tels que définis dans l'EN ISO 10318-1.
Le présent document permet d'évaluer et de vérifier la constance des performances (AVCP) du produit à la présente Norme européenne et les procédures de contrôle de la production en usine.
Le présent document établit les caractéristiques à considérer au regard des performances à vérifier.
NOTE Si de l'eau potable est ou peut être en contact direct avec le produit, il convient que le concepteur se réfère également aux normes, exigences et/ou règlements applicables.
Geosintetične zapore - Zahtevane lastnosti pri gradnji rezervoarjev in nasipov
Ta dokument določa ustrezne lastnosti geosintetičnih ovir, vključno s polimernimi, opečnati in bitumenskimi geosintetičnimi ovirami, ki se uporabljajo za zaščito pred tekočinami za pitno, sladko ali slano vodo, pri gradnji zbiralnikov in jezov, in ustrezne preskusne metode za določanje teh lastnosti. Ti proizvodi se predvidoma uporabljajo za nadzor uhajanja vode skozi konstrukcijo. Ta dokument ne velja za geotekstilije ali sorodne izdelke. Ta dokument omogoča vrednotenje skladnosti izdelka s tem dokumentom. Ta dokument določa zahteve, ki jih morajo izpolniti proizvajalci in njihovi pooblaščeni zastopniki glede predstavitve lastnosti izdelka. Ta dokument ne zajema uporabe, kjer bodo geosintetične zapore v stiku s pitno vodo, ki je namenjena ljudem. OPOMBA: Če je oz. bo lahko proizvod v stiku s pitno vodo, mora projektant upoštevati tudi druge ustrezne standarde, zahteve in/ali predpise.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sindBarrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et des barragesGeosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams91.100.50Veziva. Tesnilni materialiBinders. Sealing materials59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextilesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13361:2018SIST EN 13361:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 13361:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13361:20131DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13361:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13361
March
t r s z ICS
w {ä r z rä y râ
{ sä s r rä w r Supersedes EN
s u u x sã t r s uEnglish Version
Geosynthetic barriers æ Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams Géomembranes et géosynthétiques bentonitiques æ Caractéristiques requises pour l 5utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et des barrages
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen æ Eigenschaftená die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t u October
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s u u x sã t r s z ESIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page
European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 8 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8 3.2 Abbreviations . 9 4 Characteristics and corresponding methods of test . 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Types of application . 10 4.3 Relevant characteristics . 14 4.4 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use . 19 4.5 Release of dangerous substances . 20 5 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) . 20 5.1 General . 20 5.2 Type testing . 20 5.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 24 Annex A (normative)
Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 33 A.1 General . 33 A.2 Weathering . 34 A.3 Products used with a service life up to 5 years . 36 A.4 Other applications and service life of 25 and 50 years . 36 A.5 Durability tests on GBR-P . 42 A.6 Evaluation tests on GBR-P and GBR-C . 49 A.7 Durability tests on GBR-B . 49 A.8 Evaluation tests on GBR-B . 54 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 . 56 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 56 ZA.2 System of Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 57 ZA.3 Assignment of AVCP tasks . 58 Bibliography . 59
SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 13361:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This document supersedes EN 13361:2013. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. For relationship with Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
the list of normative references has been updated;
in 3.1 three terms have been added;
in 3.2 list of abbreviations has been updated;
in 4.3, Table 1, has been modified to comply with the modified mandate M/386 (inclusion of elongation in separation and filtration functions) and has been technically revised, all H-coded characteristics have been replaced by “A”;
figures and keys have been revised;
Clause 5 “Evaluation of conformity” has been superseded by new Clause 5 “Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP)”
Annex A “Factory production control – Factory production control scheme” has been deleted;
former Annex B “Durability” becomes Annex A, which has been totally revised;
Annex ZA has been updated according to new template to fulfil requirements of CPR, also examples for CE-marking have been deleted. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 4 Introduction This document allows manufacturers to describe geosynthetic barriers on the basis of declared values for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) including the factory production control. This document can also be used by designers, end-users and other interested parties as a tool to define relevant and appropriate characteristics for specifications. Tests for some non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers. This document is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers when used in a specific application. Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and – preferably standardized – test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure. SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the characteristics of geosynthetic barriers, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers, when used as fluid barriers and separation layer for water, in the construction of reservoirs and dams, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics. The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of potable, fresh or saline water through the construction. This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products, as defined in EN ISO 10318-1. This document provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of the product to this European Standard including factory production control procedures. This document defines characteristics to be considered with regard to the presentation of performance. NOTE Where potable water is or can be in direct contact with the product, other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations can be considered for the design. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 495-5:2013, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of foldability at low temperature - Part 5: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1109:2013, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of flexibility at low temperature EN 1296:2000, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roofing - Method of artificial ageing by long term exposure to elevated temperature EN 1849-1:1999, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-2:2009, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets EN 12224:2000, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of the resistance to weathering EN 12225:2000, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test EN 12226:2012, Geosynthetics - General tests for evaluation following durability testing EN 12310-1:1999, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing - Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) EN 12311-1:1999, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of tensile properties SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 6 EN 12311-2:2013, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 13249:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion) EN 13250:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of railways EN 13251:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures EN 13252:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in drainage systems EN 13253:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in erosion control works (coastal protection, bank revetments) EN 13254:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for the use in the construction of reservoirs and dams EN 13255:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals EN 13256:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of tunnels and underground structures EN 13257:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in solid waste disposals EN 13265:2016, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects EN 14150:2006, Geosynthetic barriers - Determination of permeability to liquids EN 14151:2010, Geosynthetics - Determination of burst strength EN 14196:2016, Geosynthetics - Test methods for measuring mass per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14414:2015, Geosynthetics - Screening test method for determining chemical resistance for landfill applications EN 14415:2004, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for determining the resistance to leaching CEN/TS 14416:2014, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for determining the resistance to roots CEN/TS 14417:2014, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers CEN/TS 14418:2014, Geosynthetic Barriers - Test method for the determination of the influence of freezing-thawing cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14575:2005, Geosynthetic barriers - Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 7 EN 14576:2005, Geosynthetics - Test method for determining the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers to environmental stress cracking EN 16416:2013, Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head EN ISO 527-1:2012, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1:2012) EN ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-3:1995) EN ISO 527-4:1995, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotopic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4:1997) EN ISO 1133-1:2011, Plastics - Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics - Part 1: Standard method (ISO 1133-1:2011) EN ISO 1183-1:2012, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1:2012) EN ISO 1183-2:2004, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 2: Density gradient column method (ISO 1183-2:2004) EN ISO 1183-3:1999, Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 3: Gas pyknometer method (ISO 1183-3:1999) EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) EN ISO 9863-1:2016, Geosynthetics - Determination of thickness at specified pressures - Part 1: Single layers (ISO 9863-1:2016) EN ISO 9864:2005, Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and geotextile-related products (ISO 9864:2005) EN ISO 10318-1:2015, Geosynthetics - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 10318-1:2015) EN ISO 10319:2015, Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319:2015) EN ISO 11357-6:2013, Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) - Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) (ISO 11357-6:2008) EN ISO 12236:2006, Geosynthetics - Static puncture test (CBR test) (ISO 12236:2006) EN ISO 12957-1:2005, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 1: Direct shear test (ISO 12957-1:2005) EN ISO 12957-2:2005, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 2: Inclined plane test (ISO 12957-2:2005) EN ISO 13438:2004, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438:2004) SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 8 ISO 34-1:2015, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces ISO 11465:1993, Soil quality — Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis — Gravimetric method ASTM D696, Standard test method for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics between
¯ y v °C and 30 °C ASTM D4603, Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer
ASTM D5890, Standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners ASTM D6141, Standard guide for screening clay portion of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for chemical compatibility to liquids1 ASTM D7409, Standard Test Method for Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 product geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric, bituminous and clay barriers 3.1.2 geosynthetic barrier barrier with at least one of whose components is made from a synthetic or natural polymer, in the form of a sheet, a strip or a three dimensional structure, used in contact with soil and/or other materials in geotechnical and civil engineering applications 3.1.3 project specification document in which the work, functions, specific conditions and required material property values of the geosynthetic barrier are described 3.1.4 reservoir naturally occurring space or construction for storage, regulation and control of water 3.1.5 dam barrier constructed to hold back water to raise its level, form a reservoir or reduce or prevent flooding
1 http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6141.htm SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 9 3.1.6 upstream face face of a dam that is normally in contact with the enclosed water 3.1.7 downstream face face of a dam that is normally not in contact with the enclosed water 3.18 revetment construction that comprises one or more layers of material to provide protection against erosion 3.1.9 top water level maximum operating water level in any structure 3.1.10 fluid gas, liquid and vapour in its pure phase as well as mixtures there of [SOURCE: EN 764-1:2015+A1:2016-04, 3.1.5] 3.1.11 rework material RWM material that is generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it [SOURCE: EN 13249:2016-10, 3.1.3] 3.1.12 post-consumer material PCM material generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product which can no longer be used for its intended purpose Note 1 to entry: This includes returns of material from the distribution chain. [SOURCE: EN 13249:2016-10, 3.1.4] 3.1.13 post-industrial material PIM material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process [SOURCE: EN 13249:2016-10, 3.1.5] 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. CWFT: classification without further testing EPDM: ethylene propylene diene monomer SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 10 EVA: ethylene vinyl acetate FPO: flexible polyolefine FPP: flexible polypropylene GBR-P: polymeric geosynthetic barrier GBR-B: bituminous geosynthetic barrier GBR-C: clay geosynthetic barrier HP-OIT: high pressure oxidative induction time OIT: oxidative induction time PE-HD: high density polyethylene PE-LLD: linear low density polyethylene PE-VLD: very low density polyethylene PVC-P: flexible polyvinylchloride 4 Characteristics and corresponding methods of test 4.1 General The main function of geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of reservoirs and dams for potable, fresh or saline water is to prevent or reduce the flow of fluid through the structure. Damage during installation has not been addressed in this document. 4.2 Types of application 4.2.1 General It is not normally advisable to install a geosynthetic barrier on the downstream face of a dam. Special consideration should be given to any geosynthetic barrier installed on the downstream face of a dam. The applications described in this document do not include such situations. 4.2.2 Application 1: “covered in service” In these applications, the GBR is laid on the upstream face of a dam or in a reservoir and is covered in service with a revetment or other protective layers. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show typical installations. SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 11
Key 1 top water level 2 upstream face 3 revetment 4 geosynthetic barrier 5 dam body 6 protection geosynthetic (optional) Figure 1 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), covered in service SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 12
Key 1 top water level face of dam 2 protection geosynthetic (optional) 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 facing 5 body of dam Figure 2 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), covered in service 4.2.3 Application 2: “not covered in service” As in application 1, but with the GBR not covered in service with a revetment or other protective layers. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show typical installations. SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 13
Key 1 top water level 2 upstream face 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 dam body 5 protection geosynthetic (optional) Figure 3 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), exposed in service
Key 1 top water level 2 geosynthetic barrier 3 body of dam 4 protection geosynthetic (optional) Figure 4 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), exposed in service SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 14 4.3 Relevant characteristics The characteristics, their relevance to the conditions of use, and the test methods to be used, are specified in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use (A) (essential characteristics are listed in Table ZA.1), and those relevant to specific conditions of use (S). The indication “–” means that the characteristic is not relevant for that function. Where, for the same property, data for more than one function shall be provided, the following ranking order shall be observed: A overrules S, and S overrules “–”. The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the S-coded characteristics in Table 1, are specified in 4.4. The performances of the characteristics shall be given on basis of the results of tests specified in this document and, where relevant, in accordance with 5.1. Information on how functioning joints can be made should be provided.
Where products are jointed in the factory the liquid tightness and if relevant the strength of the joints shall be tested and data presented. SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 15 Table 1 — Geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of reservoirs and dams — Functions, function-related characteristics and test methods to be used
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks No Property to be testeda GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A A A A EN ISO 9863-1 EN 1849–1 EN ISO 9863-1 For products which cannot be tested according to EN ISO 9863-1, such as geotextile backed GBR-P, EN 1849–2 is applicable. 2 Mass per unit area A A A A A EN 1849–2 EN 1849–1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Liquid tightness A A A A A EN 14150 EN 14150 EN 16416 Test liquid is water. Report value index flux for GBR-C and permeability for GBR-P and GBR-B. 4 Swell index — — A — — — — ASTM D5890
Mechanical properties
5 Tensile strength A A A A A PE-HD and PE-LLD EN ISO 527-3, specimen type 5 FPO, PVC-P homogenous EN ISO 527-3, specimen type 5 (reference test method) equivalent to EN 12311–2, method B FPO, PVC-P multicomponent EN 12311–2 method A (reference test EN 12311–1 EN ISO 10319 PE-HD and PE-LLD v = 100 mm/min Tensile stress at break in N/mm2 to be reported FPO, PVC-P homogenous v = 100 mm/mm if elongation at break is > 400 % the test speed is 500 mm/min maximum tensile strength in N/mm2 to be reported FPO, PVC-P multicomponent v = 100 mm/min maximum tensile force in N/50 mm to be reported EPDM homogenous v = 100 mm/min SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 16
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks No Property to be testeda GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
method) equivalent to EN ISO 527-4; specimen type 2; width: 50 mm,
EPDM homogenous EN 12311–2, method B EPDM multicomponent EN 12311–2, method A if elongation at break is > 400 % the test speed is 500 mm/min maximum tensile strength in N/mm2 to be reported EPDM multicomponent v = 100 mm/min maximum tensile force in N/50 mm to be reported 6 Elongation A A A A A PE-HD and PE-LLD EN ISO 527-3, specimen type 5 FPO, PVC-P homogenous EN ISO 527-3, specimen type 5 (reference test method)equivalent to EN 12311–2, method B FPO, PVC-P multicomponent EN 12311–2 method A (reference test method)equivalent to EN ISO 527-4; specimen type 2;
width: 50 mm EN 12311–1 EN ISO 10319 PE-HD and PE-LLD with reference length
(l0)50 mm,
v = 100 mm/min Elongation at break to be reported FPO, PVC-P homogenous v = 100 mm/min if elongation at break is > 400 % the test speed is 500 mm/min – Elongation at break to be reported FPO, PVC-P multicomponent v = 100 mm/min Elongation at maximum tensile force
in % to be reported EPDM homogenous v = 100 mm/min if elongation at break is > 400 % the test speed is 500 mm/min Elongation at break to be reported SIST EN 13361:2018
EN 13361:2018 (E) 17
Covered in service Not covered in service Test methods Remarks No Property to be testeda GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
EPDM homogenous EN 12311–2, method B EPDM multicomponent EN 12311–2, method A EPDM multicomponent v = 100 mm/min Elongation at maximum tensile force
in % to be reported 7 Static puncture A A A A A EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236
8 Burst strength and elongation S S S S S EN 14151 EN 14151 EN 14151 This test applies to GBR-C only if they contain a polymeric or bituminous barrier element. 9 Tear strength S S — S S ISO 34-1 EN 12310–1 — For GBR-P use ISO 34-1:2015, Method B, angle specimen (Figure 2) without nick at a speed of 50 mm/min. 10 Friction direct shear S S S — — EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1 EN ISO 12957-1 For determining the bonding strength of GBR-C, an internal shear or peel bond test may be applicable. 11 Friction inclined
plane S S S — — EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2 EN ISO 12957-2
Thermal properties
12 Low temperature behaviour (flexure) S S — S S EN 495–5 EN 1109 —
13 Thermal expansion A — — A — ASTM D696 — —
Durability
14 Weathering A A S A A EN 12224 EN 12224 EN 12224
15 Microorganisms A A A A A EN 12225 EN 12
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13361:2016
01-maj-2016
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Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs
and dams
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau
von Rückhaltebecken und Staudämmen erforderlich sind
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans la
construction des réservoirs et des barrages
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13361
ICS:
59.080.70 Geotekstilije Geotextiles
91.100.50 Veziva. Tesnilni materiali Binders. Sealing materials
oSIST prEN 13361:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13361:2016
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oSIST prEN 13361:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13361
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2016
ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Will supersede EN 13361:2013
English Version
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in
the construction of reservoirs and dams
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die
pour l'utilisation dans la construction des réservoirs et für die Anwendung beim Bau von Rückhaltebecken
des barrages und Staudämmen erforderlich sind
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 189.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13361:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 10
4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Types of application . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Application 1: “covered in service” . 10
4.2.3 Application 2: “not covered in service” . 12
4.3 Relevant characteristics . 14
4.4 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use . 18
4.4.1 General . 18
4.4.2 Burst strength . 18
4.4.3 Tear strength . 18
4.4.4 Friction characteristics (direct shear and inclined plane tests) . 18
4.4.5 Low temperature behaviour . 18
4.4.6 Weathering . 18
4.4.7 Chemical resistance . 19
4.4.8 Resistance to wetting and drying . 19
4.4.9 Freeze–thaw cycle resistance . 19
4.4.10 Resistance to root penetration . 19
4.5 Release of dangerous substances . 19
5 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Type testing . 20
5.2.1 General . 20
5.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria . 20
5.2.3 Test reports . 21
5.2.4 Shared other party results . 21
5.2.5 Cascading determination of the product type results . 22
5.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 23
5.3.1 General . 23
5.3.2 Requirements . 23
5.3.3 Product specific requirements . 28
5.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 28
5.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 29
5.3.6 Procedure for modifications . 29
5.3.7 One-off products, pre-production products (e.g. prototypes) and products produced
in very low quantity . 29
Annex A (normative) Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 31
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A.1 General . 31
A.2 Weathering . 32
A.3 Products used with a service live up to 5 years . 34
A.4 Other applications and service life of 25 and 50 years . 34
A.5 Durability tests on GBR . 40
A.6 Evaluation tests on GBR . 46
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU)
No. 305/2011 . 48
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 48
ZA.2 System of Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 50
ZA.3 Assignment of AVCP tasks . 50
Bibliography . 51
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13361:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189
“Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13361:2013.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Regulation No 305/2011.
For relationship with Regulation (EU) Nr. 305/2011, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
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Introduction
This document allows manufacturers to describe geosynthetic barriers on the basis of declared values
for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes
procedures for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance and factory production
control.
This document can also be used by designers, end-users and other interested parties as a tool to define
relevant and appropriate characteristics for specifications and on-site quality control. It should be
emphasized that not all characteristics and test methods quoted in this document are suitable for the
purpose of on-site quality control.
Tests for some non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the
standard is revised.
The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric
geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers.
This document is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers
when used in a specific application.
Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and – preferably
standardised – test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European
Standards.
The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as
construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the relevant characteristics of geosynthetic barriers, including polymeric
geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers, when used as
fluid barriers for potable, fresh or saline water, in the construction of reservoirs and dams, and the
appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of potable, fresh or saline water through the
construction.
This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products, as defined in
EN ISO 10318-1.
This document provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of the product
to this European Standard and for factory production control procedures.
This document defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and their authorized representatives
with regard to the presentation of product properties.
Where potable water is or may be in direct contact with the product the designer should also refer to
other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 495-5, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of foldability at low temperature - Part 5:
Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing
EN 1109, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of
flexibility at low temperature
EN 1296, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roofing - Method of
artificial ageing by long term exposure to elevated temperature
EN 1844, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of resistance to ozone - Plastic and rubber
sheets for roof waterproofing
EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part 1:
Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing
EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part 2:
Plastic and rubber sheets
EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of the resistance to weathering
EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Method for determining the microbiological
resistance by a soil burial test
EN 12226, Geosynthetics - General tests for evaluation following durability testing
EN 12310-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing - Determination
of resistance to tearing (nail shank)
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EN 12311-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing -
Determination of tensile properties
EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Plastic and
rubber sheets for roof waterproofing
EN 13249:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion)
EN 13250:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in the construction of railways
EN 13251:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures
EN 13252:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in drainage systems
EN 13253:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in erosion control works (coastal protection, bank revetments)
EN 13254:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in
the construction of reservoirs and dams
EN 13255:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in the construction of canals
EN 13256:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in the construction of tunnels and underground structures
EN 13257:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in solid waste disposals
EN 13265:2014+A1:2015, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Characteristics required for use
in liquid waste containment projects
EN 14150, Geosynthetic barriers - Determination of permeability to liquids
EN 14151, Geosynthetics - Determination of burst strength
EN 14196, Geosynthetics - Test methods for measuring mass per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers
EN 14414, Geosynthetics - Screening test method for determining chemical resistance for landfill
applications
EN 14415, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for determining the resistance to leaching
CEN/TS 14416, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for determining the resistance to roots
CEN/TS 14417, Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-
drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers
CEN/TS 14418, Geosynthetic Barriers - Test method for the determination of the influence of freezing-
thawing cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers
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EN 14575, Geosynthetic barriers - Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation
EN 14576, Geosynthetics - Test method for determining the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers
to environmental stress cracking
EN 16416, Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter
method at constant head
EN ISO 527-1, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1)
EN ISO 527-3, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets
(ISO 527-3)
EN ISO 527-4, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and
orthotopic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4)
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
EN ISO 6427, Plastics — Determination of matter extractable by organic solvents (conventional
methods)(ISO 6427)
EN ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics - Determination of thickness at specified pressures - Part 1: Single layers
(ISO 9863-1)
EN ISO 9864, Geosynthetics - Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and
geotextile-related products (ISO 9864)
EN ISO 10318-1, Geosynthetics - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 10318-1)
EN ISO 10319, Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319)
EN ISO 1133-1, Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate
(MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 1: Standard method (ISO 1133-1)
EN ISO 1133-2, Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate
(MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 2: Method for materials sensitive to time-temperature history and/or
moisture (ISO 1133-2)
EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1)
EN ISO 1183-2, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 2: Density
gradient column method (ISO 1183-2)
EN ISO 1183-3, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 3: Gas
pyknometer method (ISO 1183-3)
EN ISO 11357-6, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 6: Determination of oxidation
induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) (ISO 11357-6)
EN ISO 12236, Geosynthetics - Static puncture test (CBR test) (ISO 12236:2006)
EN ISO 12957-1, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 1: Direct shear test (ISO
12957-1)
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EN ISO 12957-2, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 2: Inclined plane test (ISO
12957-2)
EN ISO 13438, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Screening test method for determining the
resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438)
ISO 34-1:2015, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 1: Trouser,
angle and crescent test pieces
ISO 10390, Soil quality — Determination of pH
ISO 11465, Soil quality — Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis — Gravimetric
method
ASTM D696, Standard test method for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics between −30 °C
and 30 °C
ASTM D1434, Standard Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film and
Sheeting
ASTM D5890, Standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners
ASTM D6141, Standard guide for screening clay portion of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for chemical
1
compatibility to liquids
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following
apply.
3.1.1
product
geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric, bituminous and clay barriers
3.1.2
specification
document in which the work, functions, specific conditions and required material property values of the
geosynthetic barrier are described
3.1.3
reservoir
naturally occurring space or construction for storage, regulation and control of water
3.1.4
dam
barrier constructed to hold back water to raise its level, form a reservoir or reduce or prevent flooding
1
http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6141.htm
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3.1.5
upstream face
face of a dam that is normally in contact with the enclosed water
3.1.6
downstream face
face of a dam that is normally not in contact with the enclosed water
3.1.7
revetment
construction that comprises one or more layers of material to provide protection against erosion
3.1.8
top water level
maximum operating water level in any structure
3.1.9
fluid
gas, liquid and vapour in its pure phase as well as mixtures there of
[SOURCE: EN 764-1:2015, 04, 3.1.5]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply.
GBR-P: polymeric geosynthetic barrier
GBR-B: bituminous geosynthetic barrier
GBR-C: clay geosynthetic barrier
4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test
4.1 General
The main function of geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of reservoirs and dams for potable,
fresh or saline water is to prevent or reduce the flow of fluid through the structure. Damage during
installation has not been addressed in this document.
4.2 Types of application
4.2.1 General
It is not normally advisable to install a geosynthetic barrier on the downstream face of a dam. Special
consideration should be given to any geosynthetic barrier installed on the downstream face of a dam.
The applications described in this document do not include such situations.
4.2.2 Application 1: “covered in service”
In these applications, the product is laid on the upstream face of a dam or in a reservoir and is covered
in service with a revetment or other protective layers. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show typical installations.
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Key
1 top water level
2 upstream face
3 revetment
4 geosynthetic barrier
5 dam body
6 optional protection geosynthetic
Figure 1 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), covered in service
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Key
1 top water level face of dam
2 geosynthetic protection layer
3 geosynthetic barrier
4 facing
5 body of dam
Figure 2 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), covered in service
4.2.3 Application 2: “not covered in service”
As in application 1, but with the product not covered in service with a revetment or other protective
layers. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show typical installations.
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Key
1 top water level
2 upstream face
3 geosynthetic barrier
4 dam body
5 optional protection geosynthetic
Figure 3 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (shallow), exposed in service
Key
1 top water level
2 geosynthetic barrier
3 body of dam
Figure 4 — Geosynthetic barrier on a reservoir or dam slope (steep), exposed in service
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4.3 Relevant characteristics
The characteristics, their relevance to the conditions of use, and the test methods to be used, are
specified in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use
(A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use (S). The indication “–” means that the characteristic
is not relevant for that function.
Where, for the same property, data for more than one function shall be provided, the following ranking
order shall be observed: A overrules S, and S overrules “–”.
The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the S-coded characteristics in Table 1, are
specified in 4.4.
The manufacturer shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this document and,
where relevant, in accordance with 5.1.
The manufacturer shall provide information on how functioning joints can be made. Where products
are jointed in the factory the water permeability and if relevant the strength of the joints shall be tested
and data presented.
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Table 1 — Geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of reservoirs and dams — Functions, function-related characteristics and test methods to
be used
Covered in service Not covered in Test methods Remarks
service
No Property to be tested GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P GBR-B GBR-P GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A A A A EN 1849–2 EN 1849–1 EN ISO
9863-1
2 Mass per unit area A A A A A EN 1849–2 EN 1849–1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Water permeability A A A A A EN 14150 EN 14150 EN 16416 Report index flux for GBR-C.
(liquid tightness)
4 Swell index — — A — — — — ASTM
D5890
Mechanical properties
5 Tensile strength A A A A A EN ISO EN 12311– EN ISO For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and
527-1 1 10319 EN ISO 527-3, test specimen type 5 at a speed of
100 mm/min, l is 50 mm for PE.
EN ISO 0
527-3 For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and
EN ISO 527-4, specimen type 2 with width 50 mm, at a
EN ISO
speed of 5 mm/min.
527-4
EN 12311–2 s
...
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