SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
(Main)Plastics - Guidance on the assessment of the fire characteristics and fire performance of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (ISO 25762:2009)
Plastics - Guidance on the assessment of the fire characteristics and fire performance of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (ISO 25762:2009)
ISO 25762:2009 gives guidelines for the assessment of the fire characteristics and fire performance of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, particularly in structural applications in buildings and transport.
It is applicable to FRP composites prepared from thermosetting or thermoplastic resins and reinforced with inorganic fibres greater than 7,5 mm in length.
It gives guidelines on:
the applicability of product types (e.g. sheets, laminates, profiled sections and some sandwich constructions) to end-use performance;
the test methods and performance criteria for different physical forms of FRP test specimen.
Kunststoffe - Anleitung für die Bewertung der Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens von faserverstärkten Polymerverbundstoffen bei Brandeinwirkung (ISO 25762:2009)
Die vorliegende Internationale Norm bietet eine Anleitung für die Bewertung der Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens von faserverstärkten Polymerverbundstoffen (FVP) bei Brandeinwirkung, besonders bei konstruk-tiven Anwendungen im Bau- und Verkehrswesen.
Sie gilt für FVP Verbundstoffe, die aus Duroplasten oder thermoplastischen Kunststoffen hergestellt und mit anorganischen Fasern, deren Länge 7,5 mm überschreitet, verstärkt sind.
Die vorliegende Internationale Norm bietet eine Anleitung hinsichtlich:
- der Anwendbarkeit von Produktarten (z. B. Platten, Laminaten, Profilelementen und bestimmten Sandwich-Konstruktionen) für den Endverwendungszweck;
- der Prüfverfahren und Kriterien für die Bewertung des Verhaltens unterschiedlicher physikalischer Formen von FVP Probekörpern bei Brandeinwirkung.
ANMERKUNG 1 FVP Verbundstoffe variieren stark in deren physikalischer Form (z. B. in Dicke, Dichte und geometrischer Form).
ANMERKUNG 2 FVP Verbundstoffe können ebenfalls zusammengesetzte Produkte sein, die weitere Materialien (wie z. B. Metalle oder anorganische nichtfaserige Füllstoffe) enthalten, und Systeme sein, die Luftspalte, Verbindungen und Befestigungen enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 3 Empfehlungen für die Handhabung und Aufbewahrung von FVP Verbundstoffen beim Brandschutz-management sind in Anhang C aufgeführt. Darüber hinaus bietet Anhang D eine Anleitung zur Bekämpfung von Bränden, an denen FVP Verbundstoffe beteiligt sind.
Plastiques - Lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques au feu et des performances au feu de polymères composites renforcés de fibres (ISO 25762:2009)
L'ISO 25762:2009 fournit des lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques au feu et des performances au feu des composites polymères renforcés de fibres (PRF), en particulier dans des applications structurales dans le bâtiment et les transports.
Elle s'applique aux composites PRF préparés à partir de résines thermodurcissables ou thermoplastiques et renforcés de fibres inorganiques de plus de 7,5 mm de longueur.
Elle fournit des lignes directrices relatives:
à l'applicabilité des types de produit (par exemple plaques, stratifiés, profilés et certaines constructions sandwich) en fonction des performances finales;
aux méthodes d'essai et aux critères de performance pour différentes formes physiques d'éprouvette de PRF.
Polimerni materiali - Navodila za ocenjevanje požarnih lastnosti in požarne odpornosti polimernih kompozitov, okrepljenih z vlakni (ISO 25762:2009)
Ta mednarodni standard določa smernice za ocenjevanje požarnih lastnosti in požarne odpornosti polimernih kompozitov, okrepljenih z vlakni (FRP), zlasti v konstrukcijskih uporabah v stavbah in transportu. Uporablja se za kompozite, okrepljene z vlakni (FRP), pripravljene iz duromernih ali plastomernih smol in okrepljene z anorganskimi vlakni, daljšimi od 7,5 mm. Ta mednarodni standard določa smernice za: – uporabnost vrst izdelkov (npr. trakovi, laminati, profilirani deli in nekatere konstrukcije »sendvič«) za končno uporabo; – preskusne metode in merila učinkovitosti za različne fizične oblike preskusnih vzorcev kompozitov.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
01-marec-2012
Polimerni materiali - Navodila za ocenjevanje požarnih lastnosti in požarne
odpornosti polimernih kompozitov, okrepljenih z vlakni (ISO 25762:2009)
Plastics - Guidance on the assessment of the fire characteristics and fire performance of
fibre-reinforced polymer composites (ISO 25762:2009)
Kunststoffe - Anleitung für die Bewertung der Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens von
faserverstärkten Polymerverbundstoffen bei Brandeinwirkung (ISO 25762:2009)
Plastiques - Lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques au feu et des
performances au feu de polymères composites renforcés de fibres (ISO 25762:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 25762:2012
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.120 2MDþDQLSROLPHUL Reinforced plastics
SIST EN ISO 25762:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 25762
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2012
ICS 13.220.40; 83.080.01
English Version
Plastics - Guidance on the assessment of the fire characteristics
and fire performance of fibre-reinforced polymer composites
(ISO 25762:2009)
Plastiques - Lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des Kunststoffe - Anleitung für die Bewertung der
caractéristiques au feu et des performances au feu de Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens von faserverstärkten
composites polymères renforcés de fibres (ISO Polymerverbundstoffen bei Brandeinwirkung (ISO
25762:2009) 25762:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 December 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 25762:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
EN ISO 25762:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
EN ISO 25762:2012 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 25762:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 25762:2012 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by July 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 25762:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 25762:2012 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25762
First edition
2009-07-01
Plastics — Guidance on the assessment
of the fire characteristics and fire
performance of fibre-reinforced polymer
composites
Plastiques — Lignes directrices pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques
au feu et des performances au feu de polymères composites renforcés
de fibres
Reference number
ISO 25762:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 General. 2
3.2 Types of material . 3
4 Fibre reinforcement . 4
4.1 Form . 4
4.2 Fibre content . 4
4.3 Core materials . 4
4.4 Production methods. 4
5 Fire characteristics. 5
5.1 Reaction to fire. 5
5.1.1 General. 5
5.1.2 Combustibility. 5
5.1.3 Ignitability . 5
5.1.4 Rate of heat release. 5
5.1.5 Flame spread. 5
5.1.6 Smoke . 6
5.1.7 Toxicity . 6
5.2 Structural performance . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Walls and ceilings. 7
5.2.3 Floors . 7
5.2.4 Structural integrity of fibre-reinforced composites on exposure to fire. 7
6 Fire test methods. 8
6.1 Assessment of fire hazard . 8
6.2 Fire tests for determining performance requirements. 8
6.3 Applicability of standard fire test methods to FRP composites. 8
6.4 Large-scale tests. 9
6.5 Standard fire tests for conformity purposes .9
Annex A (informative) Heat release measurements on FRP composites. 10
Annex B (informative) Typical results given for glass-fibre-reinforced polymer composites by ISO
and EN fire test methods . 12
Annex C (informative) Recommendations for the handling and storage of fibre-reinforced polymer
composites . 20
Annex D (informative) Procedure in the event of fire involving fibre-reinforced polymer
composites . 22
Annex E (informative) Mounting and fixing of test specimens of fibre-reinforced polymer
composites . 23
Bibliography . 27
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 25762 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
Introduction
The information given in this International Standard is in accordance with the principles recommended in
ISO 10840 which was established to develop a general policy and philosophy for the development and use of
fire tests for plastics.
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are produced in a wide variety of chemical and physical forms,
some of which cause difficulties for fire laboratories since the specimens required for some tests are not
representative of the FRP composite in its end-use configuration.
This International Standard identifies those tests which can be used for determining the fire characteristics of
various FRP composites and provides guidance on how to assess the fire performance of FRP composites in
different applications. Since FRP composites can be used as lightweight construction materials, the
experience of users in transport applications has been valuable in the preparation of this International
Standard. Test data from methods that are specified by regulators of marine and rail products have been
provided to exemplify the fire performance of some FRP composites.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25762:2009(E)
Plastics — Guidance on the assessment of the fire
characteristics and fire performance of fibre-reinforced polymer
composites
1 Scope
This International Standard gives guidelines for the assessment of the fire characteristics and fire performance
of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, particularly in structural applications in buildings and transport.
It is applicable to FRP composites prepared from thermosetting or thermoplastic resins and reinforced with
inorganic fibres greater than 7,5 mm in length.
This International Standard gives guidelines on:
⎯ the applicability of product types (e.g. sheets, laminates, profiled sections and some sandwich
constructions) to end-use performance;
⎯ the test methods and performance criteria for different physical forms of FRP test specimen.
NOTE 1 FRP composites vary widely in their physical form (e.g. in thickness, density and shape).
NOTE 2 FRP composites can also be assembled products containing other materials (such as metals or inorganic non-
fibrous fillers) and as systems containing air-gaps, joints and fixing attachments.
NOTE 3 Handling and storage recommendations for the fire safety management of FRP composites are given in
Annex C. In addition, some guidance on how to tackle fires involving FRP composites is provided in Annex D.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in ISO 13943 and
ISO 472 and the following apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
fibre-reinforced polymer composite
polymer matrix composite consisting of thermosetting resin or thermoplastic materials and fibres of greater
than 7,5 mm in length prior to processing
NOTE Plastics compositions containing fibres of 7,5 mm or less in length are treated as plastics.
3.1.2
load-bearing capacity
R
ability of an element to maintain its structural stability despite exposure to fire on one or more faces for a
period of time
3.1.3
integrity
E
ability of an element with a separating function to withstand fire exposure on one side only without the
transmission of fire to the non-fire side as a result of the passage of significant quantities of flames or hot
gases from the fire to the non-fire side thereby causing ignition either of the unexposed surface or of any
material adjacent to that surface
NOTE This may include the ability of an element to withstand delamination (the layers of the material separating from
each other) when under load and exposed to fire.
3.1.4
insulating capacity
I
ability of an element to withstand fire exposure on one side only without significant transfer of heat from the
exposed to the unexposed side
3.1.5
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
3.1.6
composite
structured combination of two or more discrete materials, with one of the materials (the matrix) forming a
continuous phase
NOTE 1 The structure of a composite can be made up of one or more layers.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, at least one of the materials is a plastic or an organic-based
polymer.
3.1.7
ARHE(t )
n
average rate of heat emission at time t
integrated heat emission from time 0 to time t, divided by t
2
NOTE It is expressed in kW/m for cone calorimeter results (see ISO 5660-1).
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
3.1.8
MARHE
maximum average rate of heat emission
maximum value of ARHE from t = 0 to t = t
end
2
NOTE It is usually expressed in kW/m .
3.1.9
FIGRA index
fire growth rate index
maximum value of the quotient of the rate of heat release from the specimen and the length of time it occurs
NOTE It is usually expressed in W/s. Further details concerning its derivation are given in EN 13823.
3.1.10
SMOGRA index
smoke growth rate index
maximum value of the quotient of the rate of smoke production by the specimen and the length of time it
occurs
2 2
NOTE It is usually expressed in m /s . Further details concerning its derivation are given in EN 13823.
3.1.11
resistance to radiation
W
ability of a product/construction element to withstand fire exposure on one side only, thus reducing the
probability of the transmission of fire as a result of significant radiated heat either passing through the
product/element to adjacent materials or being radiated from its unexposed surface to adjacent materials
NOTE 1 The product/element might also need to protect people in the vicinity. A product/element which satisfies the
insulating-capacity criterion, I, is also deemed to satisfy the W requirement for the same period.
NOTE 2 Failure of integrity under the “cracks or openings in excess of given dimensions” criterion or the “sustained
flaming on the unexposed side” criterion (see 5.2.1) automatically means failure under the resistance to radiation criterion.
3.1.12
TSP
600s
total smoke production from the specimen in the first 600 s of exposure to the burner flames
3.2 Types of material
3.2.1
thermosetting material
material capable of being changed into a substantially infusible and insoluble product when cured by heat or
by other means, such as radiation and catalysts
NOTE 1 These materials are resins and include polymers such as polyesters, epoxides, acrylics, urethanes and
phenolics.
NOTE 2 The resins may incorporate non-fibrous fillers, flame-retardants, pigments and stabilizers.
3.2.2
thermoplastic material
polymeric material that becomes soft and plastic when heated
NOTE 1 These polymers include polypropylene (PP), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyethersulfone (PES).
NOTE 2 The polymers can incorporate non-fibrous fillers, flame-retardants, pigments and stabilizers.
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
3.2.3
reinforcing fibre
fibrous material added to a matrix resin or polymer in order essentially to improve its mechanical properties
NOTE These materials include glass, carbon, aramid, thermoplastic fibres (such as polypropylene, polyamide and
polyester) and natural fibres (such as cellulose and wood).
4 Fibre reinforcement
4.1 Form
The reinforcement can be in the form of unidirectional rovings or yarns, fabrics, chopped strands (individual or
in mats), fully aligned layers or knits, braids or continuous-filament mats.
NOTE The type of fibre and its form should be described in all test reports on the FRP composite.
4.2 Fibre content
The fibre content in the composite can be as low as 10 % by volume and as high as 75 % by volume.
4.3 Core materials
These can include:
a) honeycomb structures (aluminium, aramid, paper, polypropylene or phenolic-resin-impregnated
fibreglass);
b) plywood;
c) foam (cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polyurethane, phenolic or PVC);
d) balsa wood.
4.4 Production methods
FRP composites can be produced by a variety of processes as described in the various parts of ISO 1268, for
example:
a) pultrusion;
b) wet lay-up (by hand or spray application);
c) filament winding;
d) compression moulding;
e) moulding using prepregs;
f) resin transfer moulding;
g) vacuum infusion;
h) continuous lamination.
Some FRP composites have gel-coats on their surfaces. The gel-coat might be similar to the unreinforced
resin but, in many cases, a different resin is used.
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
FRP composites are often used as skins in sandwich constructions in combination with plastic foams or
honeycomb core material. When FRP composite products are manufactured or installed, the fire laboratory
performing a test or assessment should record details of the composition and assembly of the test specimen
that are typical of the end-use application of the product. These details could include the types of joint or fixing
attachment, air-gaps, edge coverings, skins or facings and metal inserts or reinforcements.
5 Fire characteristics
5.1 Reaction to fire
5.1.1 General
More than one fire test should be performed to characterize adequately the reaction-to-fire properties of FRP
composites.
NOTE Reaction-to-fire test results on some typical FRP composites are shown in Annex B. These data back up the
recommendations given in 5.1.1 to 5.1.7.
5.1.2 Combustibility
When tested in accordance with ISO 1182, all grades, types and densities of FRP composite are usually
classified as combustible due to the contribution of their polymer content.
5.1.3 Ignitability
Under certain conditions of heat, orientation and ventilation, a naked flame can ignite FRP composites. Care
should be taken to avoid contact with naked-flame sources when handling and storing these composites
before and during installation.
The ignitability of FRP composites can be tested using the standard ignition sources described in ISO 10093,
which include flaming, radiant heat and electrical sources. These sources can be used in standard fire tests
(see ISO 10840) or in ad hoc tests, some of which might provide information on the ignitability of the FRP
composites under end-use conditions.
5.1.4 Rate of heat release
The rate of heat release of FRP composites should be determined by the following standard tests:
a) For small test specimens, ISO 5660-1 or ISO 13927 should be used.
b) For intermediate-scale test specimens, the guidance in ISO 15791-1 should be followed. Tests such as
ISO 21367 or EN 13823 could be used.
c) For large test specimens, either ISO 9705 and ISO/TR 9705-2 or ISO 24473 should be used.
NOTE Additional information on rate of heat release measurements is given in Annex A.
5.1.5 Flame spread
ISO/TS 5658-1 should be referred to for guidance on the appropriateness of a flame spread test (especially
concerning the nature of the ignition source, the orientation of the test specimen and the ventilation conditions
in the vicinity of the test specimen). Lateral flame spread across a vertically oriented specimen can be
determined in accordance with ISO 5658-2, and flame spread over horizontally mounted floorings can be
determined in accordance with ISO 9239-1.
NOTE 1 The extent and rate of flame spread depend largely on the ignitability of, and rate of heat release from, a
combustible product.
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SIST EN ISO 25762:2012
ISO 25762:2009(E)
NOTE 2 Since the fire performance of products, including flame spread, is to a great extent dependent on the
composition of the product (such as the type of substrate), including any fixings or mountings relevant to the end-use
application, standard small-scale tests are not always appropriate for the evaluation of FRP composites. Large-scale test
methods, which more appropriately reflect end-use conditions for composites in structural applications, are briefly
discussed in 6.4.
5.1.6 Smoke
Burning some FRP composites can generate dense, black smoke. When assessing potential smoke emission
from FRP composites in a building or other enclosure under fire conditions, essential factors that should be
considered include the possible extent of flame spread over the surface of the composite, the ventilation
conditions and the rate of decomposition of the resin.
Smoke density can be measured in a dynamic test involving a well-ventilated fire (such as that described in
ISO 5660-2) or in a test carried out in a chamber in which the smoke accumulates (such as that in
ISO 5659-2).
NOTE Prediction of the precise smoke-producing potential of FRP composites is difficult because of the wide range
of combustion conditions likely to be met within an actual fire. Generalized conclusions from small-scale tests have been
substantiated by evidence from fire incidents. The density of the smoke produced increases with increasing temperature
and with the intensity of the heat flux incident on the material. In a smouldering fire, where decomposition occurs in
oxygen-deficient conditions, small grey spherical particles predominate and the specific optical-density values can be
lower than for flaming conditions.
5.1.7 Toxicity
ISO Technical Committee TC 92/SC 3 guidelines, as given in ISO 16312-1, ISO 16312-2, ISO 13571 and
ISO 19706, should be followed in the assessment of the likely toxic hazard of a defined scenario.
NOTE When organic materials such as wood, paper or plastics are burned, hot gases and smoke are evolved. All
combustion gases produced can prove fatal in a short time if inhaled in sufficient concentration. However, the toxicity
hazard in a fire arises through many factors, including the rate of fire growth and the ambient ventilation conditions, as well
as the inherent toxicity of the combustion products, and t
...
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