SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
(Main)Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies functionality of the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Satelitski digitalni radijski sistemi - 1. del: Fizična plast radijskega vmesnika - 3. poddel: Modulacija več nosilnih frekvenc na notranji fizični plasti
Pričujoči dokument zadeva radijski vmesnik SDR radiodifuzijskih sprejemnikov. Določa funkcionalnost notranje fizične plasti z modulacijo večih nosilnih frekvenc. Dopušča izvajanje tega dela sistema v interoperabilnem načinu.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation35.100.10Physical layer33.060.30Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski komunikacijski sistemiRadio relay and fixed satellite communications systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 550-1-3 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010en01-april-2010SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)2
Reference DEN/SES-00312-1-3 Keywords digital, layer 1, radio, satellite ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 4 Foreword . 4 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 References . 5 2.1 Normative references . 5 2.2 Informative references . 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6 3.1 Definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols . 6 3.3 Abbreviations . 6 4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier . 6 4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer) . 7 4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes . 8 4.2.1 Profile definition . 8 4.2.2 Modes definition . 8 4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping . 9 4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping . 10 4.3 Generation of one Phy section . 10 4.3.1 Overview . 10 4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 . 11 4.3.2 RFU section insertion . 11 4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling) . 12 4.3.4 Accumulation of CU into one Phy section . 12 4.4 Pilot tone insertion and signalling . 12 4.4.1 Mode 2 and Mode 2s: 2k@5MHz . 12 4.4.1.1 Preamble insertion . 13 4.4.1.2 Scattered pilots . 14 4.4.1.3 Continuous pilots . 15 4.4.2 Mode 3: 1k@1,7MHz . 16 4.4.2.1 Preamble insertion . 16 4.4.2.2 Scattered pilots . 17 4.4.2.3 Continuous pilots . 18 4.4.3 Mode 4: 0,5k@1,7MHz . 19 4.4.3.1 Preamble insertion . 20 4.4.3.2 Scattered pilots . 20 4.4.3.3 Continuous pilots . 21 4.5 Bit mapping to constellation . 22 4.5.1 QPSK Modulation . 22 4.5.2 16QAM Modulation (non-hierarchical) . 22 4.5.3 16QAM Modulation (hierarchical) . 23 4.5.4 Normalization of power levels . 24 4.6 Pulse shaping and guard interval insertion . 25 History . 26
SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). The present document is part 1, sub-part 3 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1, sub-part 1 [i.4].
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 15 February 2010 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 November 2010 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
Introduction An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters. Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.5]. Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the inner physical layer with single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future specifications. The present document specifies the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. The inner physical layer with single carrier modulation is specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.3], and the outer physical layer in EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. Guidelines for using the physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.6]. The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 551-2 [i.7] and is recommended for new implementations. The functional differences between the previous TS and the present document are: Exclusion of Mode 1, introduction of Mode 2s and introduction of bandwidth flexibility.
SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)5 1 Scope The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies functionality of the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] ETSI EN 300 744 (V1.5.1): "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television". [i.2] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error performance at bit rates below the primary rate". [i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation". [i.4] ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer". [i.5] ETSI TR 102 525 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies". [i.6] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards". SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)6 [i.7] ETSI TS 102 551-2 (V2.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Part 2: Multiple Carrier Transmission". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: hierarchical constellation scaling factor: constellation ratio which determines the QAM constellation for the modulation for hierarchical transmission 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: 2k@5MHz OFDM with 2k (i.e. 2 048 length) IFFT in 5 MHz channel spacing α hierarchical constellation scaling factor 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 16QAM 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation C-TS Channel Transport Stream CU Capacity Unit FFT Fast Fourier Transform IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform IPL Inner Physical Layer IPL-MC Inner Physical Layer, Multi Carrier IPL-SC Inner Physical Layer, Single Carrier OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex OPL Outer Physical Layer QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying RF Radio Frequency RFU Reserved for Future Use SDR Satellite Digital Radio XOR eXclusive OR 4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier The functionality of the Inner Physical Layer (Multi Carrier), in the following denoted IPL-MC, is to provide a robust modulation scheme for multi carrier modulation. The multi carrier modulation is applicable either to satellite or terrestrial transmission. The IPL-MC is embedded between the OPL (C-TS delivery) and the RF frontend (modulation) as depicted in figure 1. SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)7
Figure 1: General block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR system concept with selection of IPL-MC The general block diagram of the IPL-MC functionality for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4 are given in figure 2.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR compliant IPL-MC in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 For high robustness in rapidly changing channels or high delay spread scenarios, three modes (FFT512, FFT1024 and FFT2048) using a high pilot density together with a distinct frequency-domain preamble are introduced.
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer) Its interface to the OPL (Outer Physical Layer) is the C-TS (channel transport stream), which is defined in EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. For this special IPL-MC, the parameters which are passed to the OPL are derived within EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. Two types of IPL-MC exist: One providing a single-input C-TS interface, another providing double-input interface to allow hierarchical modulation. In the latter case, both C-TS need to be aligned in time, framing and throughput. If more than one carrier needs to be supported, multiple instances of the IPL-MC need to be instantiated in parallel. The parameters that are passed to the OPL are as follows: • IPL-MC frame length in integer number of CU (capacity units); • number of inputs (to distinguish between normal and hierarchical transmission). For modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, one IPL-MC frame is composed of five Phy sections and preceded by one preamble. Their parameters are defined in clause 4.2.2. With these parameters, the exact throughput of the IPL-MC can be derived in CU per time. The smallest unit to be processed by the IPL-MC is one CU.
To be able to benefit from the gain of hybrid configurations (e.g. using IPL-SC together with IPL-MC), it is mandatory to have equal frame lengths on both IPLs. If modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 of the IPL-MC are used, a joint frame length of 432 ms is chosen. SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)8 4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes 4.2.1 Profile definition To cope with different design constraints that arise from the possible use scenarios of the IPL-MC, it has been decided within SES SDR to define different profiles. The main target frequency bands and channel bandwidths are: Table 1: Definition of different profiles Profile name
IPL-MC-B IPL-MC-C IPL-MC-D Typical use
S-Band SDR L-Band SDR S-Band SDR Supported modes
2 and 2s 3 and 4 3 and 4 Carrier frequency
2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz 1,4 GHz to 1,5 GHz 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz Channel bandwidth
4,76 MHz 1,536 MHz 1,536 MHz Channel spacing
5 MHz 1,712 MHz 1,712 MHz
The present document does not restrict its use to the application scenarios as denoted above. Other frequency bands or channel bandwidths may be used but the parameter selection may not be optimal. Bandwidth flexibility has been introduced to widely scale the modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 according to different bandwidth requirements. This allows to use modes as follows: • Mode 2 (FFT2048, guard interval 1/4): Between 6/9 and 18/9 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz with stepping of 1/9 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 3,17 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 528,3 kHz. • Mode 2s (FFT2048, guard interval 1/8): Between 6/10 and 20/10 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz with stepping of 1/10 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 2,853 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 475,5 kHz. • Mode 3 (FFT1024, guard interval 1/4): Between 4/6 and 20/6 times the specified bandwidth of 1,531 MHz with stepping of 1/6 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,021 MHz up to 5,105 MHz in step sizes of 255,2 kHz. • Mode 4 (FFT512, guard interval 1/4): Between 8/12 and 24/12 times the specified bandwidth of 1,534 MHz with stepping of 1/12 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,022 MHz up to 3,067 MHz in step sizes of 127,8 kHz. This flexibility has been introduced in a very careful way to always ensure interoperability with all specified IPL-SC modes, especially the common frame length between IPL-MC and IPL-SC of 432 ms has not been touched. This flexibility relies purely on discrete changes in the sampling frequency. 4.2.2 Modes definition The different modes that are defined are as follows. Table 2: Definition of different modes Mode 2s (guard interval 1/8) 2k@5MHz
Optimized pilot pattern Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set recommended for networks with medium delay spread and high vehicle speed. Mode 2 (guard interval 1/4) 2k@5MHz
Optimized pilot pattern Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set recommended for networks with high delay spread and high vehicle speed. Mode 3 (guard interval 1/4) 1k@1,7MHz Optimized pilot pattern Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel spacing of 1,7 MHz. Parameter set recommended for networks with very high delay spread (e.g. SFN network with high power repeater), 1k number of carriers, preamble symbol, continuous and scattered pilots with pilot density of approximately 17 %. Mode 4 (guard interval 1/4) 0,5k@1,7MHz Optimized pilot pattern Similar to Mode 3. Support of higher vehicle speed (carrier spacing doubled, shorter guard interval), 0,5k number of carriers.
SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)9 The parameters for all modes are denoted in table 3 and table 4. 4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping Table 3 displays the parameters defined for the QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers. Table 3: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
unit SES SDR 2k Guard 1/8 SES SDR 2k
Guard 1/4 SES SDR 1k
Guard 1/4 SES SDR 0,5k
Guard 1/4 Mode Identifier
2s 2 3 4 FFT length
2 048 2 048 1 024 512 Used sub-carriers
1 509 1 509 729 365 Guard interval ratio
0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25 nFlx: BW flexibility (default)
10 9 6 12 nFlx: BW flexibility (range)
6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24 Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12 Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12 Pilots per OFDM symbol
262 262 127 64 Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064 Modulation index
2 2 2 2
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12 Samples per symbol
2 304 2 560 1 280 640 Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol
1 247 1 247 602 301 OFDM Symbols per Phy section
24 24 24 24 Data sub-carriers per Phy section
29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224 Bit per Phy section
59 856 59 856 28 896 14 448 CU per Phy section
29 29 14 7 Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx Padding bits
0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame
1 1 1 1 Phy sections per IPL-MC frame
5 5 5 5 sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame
150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421 Bit per IPL-MC frame
301 774 301 774 145 684 72 842 Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx CU per IPL-MC frame
145 145 70 35 Padding bits (informative only)
0 0 0 0
SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)10 4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping Table 4 displays the parameters defined for the 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers. Table 4: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
unit SES SDR 2k Guard 1/8 SES SDR 2k Guard 1/4 SES SDR 1k Guard 1/4 SES SDR 0.5k Guard 1/4 Mode Identifier
2s 2 3 4 FFT length
2 048 2 048 1 024 512 Used sub-carriers
1 509 1 509 729 365 Guard interval ratio
0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25 nFlx: BW flexibility (default)
10 9 6 12 nFlx: BW flexibility (range)
6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24 Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12 Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12 Pilots per OFDM symbol
262 262 127 64 Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064 Modulation index
4 4 4 4
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12 Samples per symbol
2 304 2 560 1 280 640 Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol
1 247 1 247 602 301 OFDM Symbols per Phy section
24 24 24 24 Data sub-carriers per Phy section
29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224 Bit per Phy section
119 712 119 712 57 792 28 896 CU per Phy section
58 58 28 14 Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx Padding bits
0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame
1 1 1 1 Phy sections per IPL-MC frame
5 5 5 5 sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame
150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421 Bit per IPL-MC frame
603 548 603 548 291 368 145 684 Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx CU per IPL-MC frame
290 290 140 70 Padding bits (informative only)
0 0 0 0
4.3 Generation of one Phy section 4.3.1 Overview The generation of one Phy section is performed as follows: • handling of data payload (capacity units, CU, etc.); • handling of signalling bits (RFU: reserved for future use), applicable to modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4; • scrambling for energy dispersal; • accumulation of CU for one Phy section. SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)11 4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 Figure 3 displays the generation of one Phy section in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4. Phy section overall length: 59 856 bitMode 2 and 2s, QPSKMode 2 and 2s, 16QAM1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFUPhy section overall length: 119 712 bit1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU29 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, QPSK58 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, 16QAM1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFUScrambling sequence generator16 bitRFUGrouping of several CU to generate one Phy sectionfeedback00011100111+1 CU = 2048 bitPhy section overall length: 28 896 bit1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU14 CU per Phy section for mode 3, QPSKPhy section overall length: 57 792 bit1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU28 CU per Phy section for mode 3, 16QAMPhy section overall length: 14 448 bit1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU7 CU per Phy section for mode 4, QPSKPhy section overall length: 28 896 bit1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU1 CU = 2048 bit16 bitRFU14 CU per Phy section for mode 4, 16QAMMode 3, QPSKMode 3, 16QAMMode 4, QPSKMode 4, 16QAM Figure 3: Overview of the generation of one Phy section for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4 4.3.2 RFU section insertion The present clause
applies to Mode 2, 2s, 3 or 4 transmission. In modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, each CU is followed by 16 signalling bits which are currently not used but are reserved for future use. All bits are set to zero. The block size for one CU after RFU insertion is 2 064 bits, see also figure 3. SIST EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)12 4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling) Energy dispersal is applied to the data payload and the RFU bits. The energy dispersal is performed using a length 2 047 (211 - 1) scrambler with an internal shift register of length 11. The scrambler is described using the following generator polynomial as derived from ITU-T Recommendation O.153 [i.2].
X11 + X9 + 1, initial state is set to "11001110001" (see figure 7)
Figure 4: Scrambler used for energy dispersal The output of the scrambler of length 2 064 (in Mode 2-4) is XOR-ed with the first 2 064 bit of the bitstream as depicted in figure 3. The scrambler is initialized at each start of one CU. If the size of the data that has to be scrambled exceeds one cycle of the scrambler, then the scrambler just continues periodically. 4.3.4 Accumulation of CU into one Phy section According to the transport capability of the different mo
...
ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-3
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier . 6
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer) . 7
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes . 8
4.2.1 Profile definition . 8
4.2.2 Modes definition . 8
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping . 9
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping . 10
4.3 Generation of one Phy section . 10
4.3.1 Overview . 10
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 . 11
4.3.2 RFU section insertion . 11
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling) . 12
4.3.4 Accumulation of CU into one Phy section . 12
4.4 Pilot tone insertion and signalling . 12
4.4.1 Mode 2 and Mode 2s: 2k@5MHz . 12
4.4.1.1 Preamble insertion . 13
4.4.1.2 Scattered pilots . 14
4.4.1.3 Continuous pilots . 15
4.4.2 Mode 3: 1k@1,7MHz . 16
4.4.2.1 Preamble insertion . 16
4.4.2.2 Scattered pilots . 17
4.4.2.3 Continuous pilots . 18
4.4.3 Mode 4: 0,5k@1,7MHz . 19
4.4.3.1 Preamble insertion . 20
4.4.3.2 Scattered pilots . 20
4.4.3.3 Continuous pilots . 21
4.5 Bit mapping to constellation . 22
4.5.1 QPSK Modulation . 22
4.5.2 16QAM Modulation (non-hierarchical) . 22
4.5.3 16QAM Modulation (hierarchical) . 23
4.5.4 Normalization of power levels . 24
4.6 Pulse shaping and guard interval insertion . 25
History . 26
ETSI
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4 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES).
The present document is part 1, sub-part 3 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1, sub-part 1 [i.4].
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 15 February 2010
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
Introduction
An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial
transmitters. Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.5].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
The present document specifies the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. The inner physical layer with
single carrier modulation is specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.3], and the outer physical layer in EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Guidelines for using the physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.6].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 551-2 [i.7] and is recommended for new implementations. The
functional differences between the previous TS and the present document are: Exclusion of Mode 1, introduction of
Mode 2s and introduction of bandwidth flexibility.
ETSI
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5 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies functionality of the inner
physical layer with multi carrier modulation. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 744 (V1.5.1): "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel
coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television".
[i.2] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error
performance at bit rates below the primary rate".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical
Layer Single Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 1: Outer Physical
Layer".
[i.5] ETSI TR 102 525 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
ETSI
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6 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 551-2 (V2.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Part 2: Multiple Carrier
Transmission".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
hierarchical constellation scaling factor: constellation ratio which determines the QAM constellation for the
modulation for hierarchical transmission
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
2k@5MHz OFDM with 2k (i.e. 2 048 length) IFFT in 5 MHz channel spacing
α hierarchical constellation scaling factor
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
16QAM 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
C-TS Channel Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IPL-MC Inner Physical Layer, Multi Carrier
IPL-SC Inner Physical Layer, Single Carrier
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
OPL Outer Physical Layer
QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RFU Reserved for Future Use
SDR Satellite Digital Radio
XOR eXclusive OR
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier
The functionality of the Inner Physical Layer (Multi Carrier), in the following denoted IPL-MC, is to provide a robust
modulation scheme for multi carrier modulation. The multi carrier modulation is applicable either to satellite or
terrestrial transmission.
The IPL-MC is embedded between the OPL (C-TS delivery) and the RF frontend (modulation) as depicted in figure 1.
ETSI
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7 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Figure 1: General block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR system concept with selection of IPL-MC
The general block diagram of the IPL-MC functionality for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4 are given in figure 2.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR compliant IPL-MC in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
For high robustness in rapidly changing channels or high delay spread scenarios, three modes (FFT512, FFT1024 and
FFT2048) using a high pilot density together with a distinct frequency-domain preamble are introduced.
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer)
Its interface to the OPL (Outer Physical Layer) is the C-TS (channel transport stream), which is defined in
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. For this special IPL-MC, the parameters which are passed to the OPL are derived within
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Two types of IPL-MC exist: One providing a single-input C-TS interface, another providing double-input interface to
allow hierarchical modulation. In the latter case, both C-TS need to be aligned in time, framing and throughput.
If more than one carrier needs to be supported, multiple instances of the IPL-MC need to be instantiated in parallel.
The parameters that are passed to the OPL are as follows:
• IPL-MC frame length in integer number of CU (capacity units);
• number of inputs (to distinguish between normal and hierarchical transmission).
For modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, one IPL-MC frame is composed of five Phy sections and preceded by one preamble. Their
parameters are defined in clause 4.2.2.
With these parameters, the exact throughput of the IPL-MC can be derived in CU per time. The smallest unit to be
processed by the IPL-MC is one CU.
To be able to benefit from the gain of hybrid configurations (e.g. using IPL-SC together with IPL-MC), it is mandatory
to have equal frame lengths on both IPLs.
If modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 of the IPL-MC are used, a joint frame length of 432 ms is chosen.
ETSI
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8 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes
4.2.1 Profile definition
To cope with different design constraints that arise from the possible use scenarios of the IPL-MC, it has been decided
within SES SDR to define different profiles. The main target frequency bands and channel bandwidths are:
Table 1: Definition of different profiles
Profile name IPL-MC-B IPL-MC-C IPL-MC-D
Typical use S-Band SDR L-Band SDR S-Band SDR
Supported modes 2 and 2s 3 and 4 3 and 4
Carrier frequency 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz 1,4 GHz to 1,5 GHz 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz
Channel bandwidth
4,76 MHz 1,536 MHz 1,536 MHz
Channel spacing
5 MHz 1,712 MHz 1,712 MHz
The present document does not restrict its use to the application scenarios as denoted above. Other frequency bands or
channel bandwidths may be used but the parameter selection may not be optimal.
Bandwidth flexibility has been introduced to widely scale the modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 according to different bandwidth
requirements. This allows to use modes as follows:
• Mode 2 (FFT2048, guard interval 1/4): Between 6/9 and 18/9 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/9 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 3,17 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 528,3 kHz.
• Mode 2s (FFT2048, guard interval 1/8): Between 6/10 and 20/10 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/10 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 2,853 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 475,5 kHz.
• Mode 3 (FFT1024, guard interval 1/4): Between 4/6 and 20/6 times the specified bandwidth of 1,531 MHz
with stepping of 1/6 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,021 MHz up to 5,105 MHz in step sizes of 255,2 kHz.
• Mode 4 (FFT512, guard interval 1/4): Between 8/12 and 24/12 times the specified bandwidth of 1,534 MHz
with stepping of 1/12 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,022 MHz up to 3,067 MHz in step sizes of
127,8 kHz.
This flexibility has been introduced in a very careful way to always ensure interoperability with all specified IPL-SC
modes, especially the common frame length between IPL-MC and IPL-SC of 432 ms has not been touched.
This flexibility relies purely on discrete changes in the sampling frequency.
4.2.2 Modes definition
The different modes that are defined are as follows.
Table 2: Definition of different modes
Mode 2s (guard interval 1/8) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with medium delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 2 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with high delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 3 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
1k@1,7MHz spacing of 1,7 MHz. Parameter set recommended for networks with very
Optimized pilot pattern high delay spread (e.g. SFN network with high power repeater), 1k
number of carriers, preamble symbol, continuous and scattered pilots
with pilot density of approximately 17 %.
Mode 4 (guard interval 1/4) Similar to Mode 3. Support of higher vehicle speed (carrier spacing
0,5k@1,7MHz doubled, shorter guard interval), 0,5k number of carriers.
Optimized pilot pattern
ETSI
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9 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
The parameters for all modes are denoted in table 3 and table 4.
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping
Table 3 displays the parameters defined for the QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
Table 3: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0,5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
Mode Identifier 2s 2 3 4
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 2 2 2 2
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 59 856 59 856 28 896 14 448
CU per Phy section 29 29 14 7
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 301 774 301 774 145 684 72 842
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 145 145 70 35
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
ETSI
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10 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping
Table 4 displays the parameters defined for the 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
Table 4: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0.5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
2s 2 3 4
Mode Identifier
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 4 4 4 4
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 119 712 119 712 57 792 28 896
CU per Phy section 58 58 28 14
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 603 548 603 548 291 368 145 684
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 290 290 140 70
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
4.3 Generation of one Phy section
4.3.1 Overview
The generation of one Phy section is performed as follows:
• handling of data payload (capacity units, CU, etc.);
• handling of signalling bits (RFU: reserved for future use), applicable to modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4;
• scrambling for energy dispersal;
• accumulation of CU for one Phy section.
ETSI
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11 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
Figure 3 displays the generation of one Phy section in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4.
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Scrambling sequence generator
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
+
feedback
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Grouping of several CU
to generate one Phy section
29 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 2 and 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
2s, QPSK
Phy section overall length: 59 856 bit
58 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 2 and
RFU RFU RFU
2s, 16QAM
Phy section overall length: 119 712 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 3, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 3,
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
28 CU per Phy section for mode 3, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 3, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 57 792 bit
7 CU per Phy section for mode 4, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 4, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 14 448 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 4, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 4,
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
Figure 3: Overview of the generation of one Phy section for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4
4.3.2 RFU section insertion
The present clause applies to Mode 2, 2s, 3 or 4 transmission.
In modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, each CU is followed by 16 signalling bits which are currently not used but are reserved for
future use. All bits are set to zero. The block size for one CU after RFU insertion is 2 064 bits, see also figure 3.
ETSI
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12 ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling)
Energy dispersal is applied to the data payload and the RFU bits. The energy dispersal is performed using a length
11
2 047 (2 - 1) scrambler with an internal shift register of length 11. The scrambler is described using the following
generator polynomial as derived from ITU-T Recommendation O.153 [i.2].
11 9
X + X + 1, initial state is set to "11001110001" (see figure 7)
Figure 4: Scrambler used for energy dispersal
The output of the scrambler of length 2 064 (in Mode 2-4) is XOR-ed with the first 2 064 bit of the b
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-3
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
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ETSI
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3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier . 6
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer) . 7
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes . 8
4.2.1 Profile definition . 8
4.2.2 Modes definition . 8
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping . 9
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping . 9
4.3 Generation of one Phy section . 10
4.3.1 Overview . 10
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 . 11
4.3.2 RFU section insertion . 11
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling) . 12
4.3.4 Accumulation of CU into one Phy section . 12
4.4 Pilot tone insertion and signalling . 12
4.4.1 Mode 2 and Mode 2s: 2k@5MHz . 12
4.4.1.1 Preamble insertion . 13
4.4.1.2 Scattered pilots . 14
4.4.1.3 Continuous pilots . 15
4.4.2 Mode 3: 1k@1,7MHz . 16
4.4.2.1 Preamble insertion . 16
4.4.2.2 Scattered pilots . 17
4.4.2.3 Continuous pilots . 18
4.4.3 Mode 4: 0,5k@1,7MHz . 19
4.4.3.1 Preamble insertion . 20
4.4.3.2 Scattered pilots . 20
4.4.3.3 Continuous pilots . 21
4.5 Bit mapping to constellation . 22
4.5.1 QPSK Modulation . 22
4.5.2 16QAM Modulation (non-hierarchical) . 22
4.5.3 16QAM Modulation (hierarchical) . 23
4.5.4 Normalization of power levels . 24
4.6 Pulse shaping and guard interval insertion . 24
History . 26
ETSI
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval
Procedure.
The present document is part 1, sub-part 3 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1, sub-part 1 [i.4].
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
Introduction
An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial
transmitters. Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.5].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
The present document specifies the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. The inner physical layer with
single carrier modulation is specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.3], and the outer physical layer in EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Guidelines for using the physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.6].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 551-2 [i.7] and is recommended for new implementations. The
functional differences between the previous TS and the present document are: Exclusion of Mode 1, introduction of
Mode 2s and introduction of bandwidth flexibility.
ETSI
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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies functionality of the inner
physical layer with multi carrier modulation. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 744 (V1.5.1): "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel
coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television".
[i.2] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error
performance at bit rates below the primary rate".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical
Layer Single Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 1: Outer Physical
Layer".
[i.5] ETSI TR 102 525 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
ETSI
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 551-2 (V2.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Part 2: Multiple Carrier
Transmission".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
hierarchical constellation scaling factor: constellation ratio which determines the QAM constellation for the
modulation for hierarchical transmission
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
2k@5MHz OFDM with 2k (i.e. 2 048 length) IFFT in 5 MHz channel spacing
α hierarchical constellation scaling factor
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
16QAM 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
C-TS Channel Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IPL-MC Inner Physical Layer, Multi Carrier
IPL-SC Inner Physical Layer, Single Carrier
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
OPL Outer Physical Layer
QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RFU Reserved for Future Use
XOR Exclusive OR
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier
The functionality of the Inner Physical Layer (Multi Carrier), in the following denoted IPL-MC, is to provide a robust
modulation scheme for multi carrier modulation. The multi carrier modulation is applicable either to satellite or
terrestrial transmission.
The IPL-MC is embedded between the OPL (C-TS delivery) and the RF frontend (modulation) as depicted in figure 1.
ETSI
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Figure 1: General block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR system concept with selection of IPL-MC
The general block diagram of the IPL-MC functionality for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4 are given in figure 2.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR compliant IPL-MC in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
For high robustness in rapidly changing channels or high delay spread scenarios, three modes (FFT512, FFT1024 and
FFT2048) using a high pilot density together with a distinct frequency-domain preamble are introduced.
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer)
Its interface to the OPL (Outer Physical Layer) is the C-TS (channel transport stream), which is defined in
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. For this special IPL-MC, the parameters which are passed to the OPL are derived within
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Two types of IPL-MC exist: One providing a single-input C-TS interface, another providing double-input interface to
allow hierarchical modulation. In the latter case, both C-TS need to be aligned in time, framing and throughput.
If more than one carrier needs to be supported, multiple instances of the IPL-MC need to be instantiated in parallel.
The parameters that are passed to the OPL are as follows:
• IPL-MC frame length in integer number of CU (capacity units);
• number of inputs (to distinguish between normal and hierarchical transmission).
For modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, one IPL-MC frame is composed of five Phy sections and preceded by one preamble. Their
parameters are defined in clause 4.2.2.
With these parameters, the exact throughput of the IPL-MC can be derived in CU per time. The smallest unit to be
processed by the IPL-MC is one CU.
To be able to benefit from the gain of hybrid configurations (e.g. using IPL-SC together with IPL-MC), it is mandatory
to have equal frame lengths on both IPLs.
If modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 of the IPL-MC are used, a joint frame length of 432 ms is chosen.
ETSI
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes
4.2.1 Profile definition
To cope with different design constraints that arise from the possible use scenarios of the IPL-MC, it has been decided
within SES SDR to define different profiles. The main target frequency bands and channel bandwidths are:
Table 1: Definition of different profiles
Profile name IPL-MC-B IPL-MC-C IPL-MC-D
Typical use S-Band SDR L-Band SDR S-Band SDR
Supported modes 2 and 2s 3 and 4 3 and 4
Carrier frequency 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz 1,4 GHz to 1,5 GHz 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz
Channel bandwidth
4,76 MHz 1,536 MHz 1,536 MHz
Channel spacing
5 MHz 1,712 MHz 1,712 MHz
The present document does not restrict its use to the application scenarios as denoted above. Other frequency bands or
channel bandwidths may be used but the parameter selection may not be optimal.
Bandwidth flexibility has been introduced to widely scale the modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 according to different bandwidth
requirements. This allows to use modes as follows:
• Mode 2 (FFT2048, guard interval 1/4): Between 6/9 and 18/9 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/9 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 3,17 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 528,3 kHz.
• Mode 2s (FFT2048, guard interval 1/8): Between 6/10 and 20/10 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/10 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 2,853 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 475,5 kHz.
• Mode 3 (FFT1024, guard interval 1/4): Between 4/6 and 20/6 times the specified bandwidth of 1,531 MHz
with stepping of 1/6 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,021 MHz up to 5,105 MHz in step sizes of 255,2 kHz.
• Mode 4 (FFT512, guard interval 1/4): Between 8/12 and 24/12 times the specified bandwidth of 1,534 MHz
with stepping of 1/12 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,022 MHz up to 3,067 MHz in step sizes of
127,8 kHz.
This flexibility has been introduced in a very careful way to always ensure interoperability with all specified IPL-SC
modes, especially the common frame length between IPL-MC and IPL-SC of 432 ms has not been touched.
This flexibility relies purely on discrete changes in the sampling frequency.
4.2.2 Modes definition
The different modes that are defined are as follows.
Table 2: Definition of different modes
Mode 2s (guard interval 1/8) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with medium delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 2 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with high delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 3 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
1k@1,7MHz spacing of 1,7 MHz. Parameter set recommended for networks with very
Optimized pilot pattern high delay spread (e.g. SFN network with high power repeater), 1k
number of carriers, preamble symbol, continuous and scattered pilots
with pilot density of approximately 17 %.
Mode 4 (guard interval 1/4) Similar to Mode 3. Support of higher vehicle speed (carrier spacing
0,5k@1,7MHz doubled, shorter guard interval), 0,5k number of carriers.
Optimized pilot pattern
ETSI
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
The parameters for all modes are denoted in table 3 and table 4.
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping
Table 3 displays the parameters defined for the QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
Table 3: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0,5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
Mode Identifier 2s 2 3 4
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 2 2 2 2
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 59 856 59 856 28 896 14 448
CU per Phy section 29 29 14 7
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 301 774 301 774 145 684 72 842
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 145 145 70 35
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping
Table 4 displays the parameters defined for the 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
ETSI
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Table 4: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0.5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
Mode Identifier 2s 2 3 4
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 4 4 4 4
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 119 712 119 712 57 792 28 896
CU per Phy section 58 58 28 14
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 603 548 603 548 291 368 145 684
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 290 290 140 70
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
4.3 Generation of one Phy section
4.3.1 Overview
The generation of one Phy section is performed as follows:
• handling of data payload (capacity units, CU, etc.);
• handling of signalling bits (RFU: reserved for future use), applicable to modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4;
• scrambling for energy dispersal;
• accumulation of CU for one Phy section.
ETSI
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
Figure 3 displays the generation of one Phy section in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4.
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Scrambling sequence generator
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
+
feedback
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Grouping of several CU
to generate one Phy section
29 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 2 and 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
2s, QPSK
Phy section overall length: 59 856 bit
58 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 2 and
RFU RFU RFU
2s, 16QAM
Phy section overall length: 119 712 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 3, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 3,
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
28 CU per Phy section for mode 3, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 3, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 57 792 bit
7 CU per Phy section for mode 4, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 4, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 14 448 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 4, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 4,
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
Figure 3: Overview of the generation of one Phy section for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4
4.3.2 RFU section insertion
The present clause applies to Mode 2, 2s, 3 or 4 transmission.
In modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, each CU is followed by 16 signalling bits which are currently not used but are reserved for
future use. All bits are set to zero. The block size for one CU after RFU insertion is 2 064 bits, see also figure 3.
ETSI
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling)
Energy dispersal is applied to the data payload and the RFU bits. The energy dispersal is performed using a length
11
2 047 (2 - 1) scrambler with an internal shift register of length 11. The scrambler is described using the following
generator polynomial as derived from ITU-T Recommendation O.153 [i.2].
11 9
X
...
Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-3
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
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ETSI
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier . 6
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer) . 7
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes . 8
4.2.1 Profile definition . 8
4.2.2 Modes definition . 8
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping . 9
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping . 9
4.3 Generation of one Phy section . 10
4.3.1 Overview . 10
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4 . 11
4.3.2 RFU section insertion . 11
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling) . 12
4.3.4 Accumulation of CU into one Phy section . 12
4.4 Pilot tone insertion and signalling . 12
4.4.1 Mode 2 and Mode 2s: 2k@5MHz . 12
4.4.1.1 Preamble insertion . 13
4.4.1.2 Scattered pilots . 14
4.4.1.3 Continuous pilots . 15
4.4.2 Mode 3: 1k@1,7MHz . 16
4.4.2.1 Preamble insertion . 16
4.4.2.2 Scattered pilots . 17
4.4.2.3 Continuous pilots . 18
4.4.3 Mode 4: 0,5k@1,7MHz . 19
4.4.3.1 Preamble insertion . 20
4.4.3.2 Scattered pilots . 20
4.4.3.3 Continuous pilots . 21
4.5 Bit mapping to constellation . 22
4.5.1 QPSK Modulation . 22
4.5.2 16QAM Modulation (non-hierarchical) . 22
4.5.3 16QAM Modulation (hierarchical) . 23
4.5.4 Normalization of power levels . 24
4.6 Pulse shaping and guard interval insertion . 24
History . 26
ETSI
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase of the ETSI standards Two-step
Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 1, sub-part 3 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1, sub-part 1 [i.4].
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
Introduction
An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial
transmitters. Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.5].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
The present document specifies the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. The inner physical layer with
single carrier modulation is specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.3], and the outer physical layer in EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Guidelines for using the physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.6].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 551-2 [i.7] and is recommended for new implementations. The
functional differences between the previous TS and the present document are: Exclusion of Mode 1, introduction of
Mode 2s and introduction of bandwidth flexibility.
ETSI
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies functionality of the inner
physical layer with multi carrier modulation. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 744 (V1.5.1): "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel
coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television".
[i.2] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error
performance at bit rates below the primary rate".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical
Layer Single Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital
Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 1: Outer Physical
Layer".
[i.5] ETSI TR 102 525 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
ETSI
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 551-2 (V2.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Part 2: Multiple Carrier
Transmission".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
hierarchical constellation scaling factor: constellation ratio which determines the QAM constellation for the
modulation for hierarchical transmission
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
2k@5MHz OFDM with 2k (i.e. 2 048 length) IFFT in 5 MHz channel spacing
α hierarchical constellation scaling factor
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
16QAM 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
C-TS Channel Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IPL-MC Inner Physical Layer, Multi Carrier
IPL-SC Inner Physical Layer, Single Carrier
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
OPL Outer Physical Layer
QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RFU Reserved for Future Use
XOR Exclusive OR
4 Inner physical layer - Multi Carrier
The functionality of the Inner Physical Layer (Multi Carrier), in the following denoted IPL-MC, is to provide a robust
modulation scheme for multi carrier modulation. The multi carrier modulation is applicable either to satellite or
terrestrial transmission.
The IPL-MC is embedded between the OPL (C-TS delivery) and the RF frontend (modulation) as depicted in figure 1.
ETSI
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7 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Figure 1: General block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR system concept with selection of IPL-MC
The general block diagram of the IPL-MC functionality for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4 are given in figure 2.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the ETSI SES SDR compliant IPL-MC in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
For high robustness in rapidly changing channels or high delay spread scenarios, three modes (FFT512, FFT1024 and
FFT2048) using a high pilot density together with a distinct frequency-domain preamble are introduced.
4.1 Interfacing to OPL (Outer Physical Layer)
Its interface to the OPL (Outer Physical Layer) is the C-TS (channel transport stream), which is defined in
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4]. For this special IPL-MC, the parameters which are passed to the OPL are derived within
EN 302 550-1-1 [i.4].
Two types of IPL-MC exist: One providing a single-input C-TS interface, another providing double-input interface to
allow hierarchical modulation. In the latter case, both C-TS need to be aligned in time, framing and throughput.
If more than one carrier needs to be supported, multiple instances of the IPL-MC need to be instantiated in parallel.
The parameters that are passed to the OPL are as follows:
• IPL-MC frame length in integer number of CU (capacity units);
• number of inputs (to distinguish between normal and hierarchical transmission).
For modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, one IPL-MC frame is composed of five Phy sections and preceded by one preamble. Their
parameters are defined in clause 4.2.2.
With these parameters, the exact throughput of the IPL-MC can be derived in CU per time. The smallest unit to be
processed by the IPL-MC is one CU.
To be able to benefit from the gain of hybrid configurations (e.g. using IPL-SC together with IPL-MC), it is mandatory
to have equal frame lengths on both IPLs.
If modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 of the IPL-MC are used, a joint frame length of 432 ms is chosen.
ETSI
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
4.2 The profile approach - different multi carrier modes
4.2.1 Profile definition
To cope with different design constraints that arise from the possible use scenarios of the IPL-MC, it has been decided
within SES SDR to define different profiles. The main target frequency bands and channel bandwidths are:
Table 1: Definition of different profiles
Profile name IPL-MC-B IPL-MC-C IPL-MC-D
Typical use S-Band SDR L-Band SDR S-Band SDR
Supported modes 2 and 2s 3 and 4 3 and 4
Carrier frequency 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz 1,4 GHz to 1,5 GHz 2,0 GHz to 2,3 GHz
Channel bandwidth
4,76 MHz 1,536 MHz 1,536 MHz
Channel spacing
5 MHz 1,712 MHz 1,712 MHz
The present document does not restrict its use to the application scenarios as denoted above. Other frequency bands or
channel bandwidths may be used but the parameter selection may not be optimal.
Bandwidth flexibility has been introduced to widely scale the modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 according to different bandwidth
requirements. This allows to use modes as follows:
• Mode 2 (FFT2048, guard interval 1/4): Between 6/9 and 18/9 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/9 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 3,17 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 528,3 kHz.
• Mode 2s (FFT2048, guard interval 1/8): Between 6/10 and 20/10 times the specified bandwidth of 4,755 MHz
with stepping of 1/10 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 2,853 MHz up to 9,51 MHz in step sizes of 475,5 kHz.
• Mode 3 (FFT1024, guard interval 1/4): Between 4/6 and 20/6 times the specified bandwidth of 1,531 MHz
with stepping of 1/6 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,021 MHz up to 5,105 MHz in step sizes of 255,2 kHz.
• Mode 4 (FFT512, guard interval 1/4): Between 8/12 and 24/12 times the specified bandwidth of 1,534 MHz
with stepping of 1/12 of specified bandwidth, i.e. from 1,022 MHz up to 3,067 MHz in step sizes of
127,8 kHz.
This flexibility has been introduced in a very careful way to always ensure interoperability with all specified IPL-SC
modes, especially the common frame length between IPL-MC and IPL-SC of 432 ms has not been touched.
This flexibility relies purely on discrete changes in the sampling frequency.
4.2.2 Modes definition
The different modes that are defined are as follows.
Table 2: Definition of different modes
Mode 2s (guard interval 1/8) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with medium delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 2 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
2k@5MHz spacing of 5 MHz with 2k number of carriers. Parameter set
Optimized pilot pattern recommended for networks with high delay spread and high vehicle
speed.
Mode 3 (guard interval 1/4) Mode optimized for requirements of frequency bands using channel
1k@1,7MHz spacing of 1,7 MHz. Parameter set recommended for networks with very
Optimized pilot pattern high delay spread (e.g. SFN network with high power repeater), 1k
number of carriers, preamble symbol, continuous and scattered pilots
with pilot density of approximately 17 %.
Mode 4 (guard interval 1/4) Similar to Mode 3. Support of higher vehicle speed (carrier spacing
0,5k@1,7MHz doubled, shorter guard interval), 0,5k number of carriers.
Optimized pilot pattern
ETSI
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
The parameters for all modes are denoted in table 3 and table 4.
4.2.3 Parameters for QPSK subcarrier mapping
Table 3 displays the parameters defined for the QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
Table 3: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for QPSK modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0,5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
Mode Identifier 2s 2 3 4
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 2 2 2 2
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 59 856 59 856 28 896 14 448
CU per Phy section 29 29 14 7
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 301 774 301 774 145 684 72 842
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 145 145 70 35
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
4.2.4 Parameters for 16QAM subcarrier mapping
Table 4 displays the parameters defined for the 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers.
ETSI
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Table 4: Parameters derived in modes 2, 2s, 3 or 4 for 16QAM modulation of the OFDM subcarriers
SES SDR 2k SES SDR 2k SES SDR 1k SES SDR 0.5k
unit
Guard 1/8 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4 Guard 1/4
Mode Identifier 2s 2 3 4
FFT length 2 048 2 048 1 024 512
Used sub-carriers 1 509 1 509 729 365
Guard interval ratio 0,125 0,25 0,25 0,25
nFlx: BW flexibility (default) 10 9 6 12
nFlx: BW flexibility (range) 6…20 6…18 4…20 8…24
Sampling Frequency (fractional) MHz 484/75 × nFlx/10 484/75 × nFlx/9 484/225 × nFlx/6 484/225 × nFlx/12
Sampling Frequency (rounded) MHz 6,4533 × nFlx/10 6,4533 × nFlx/9 2,1511 × nFlx/6 2,1511 × nFlx/12
Pilots per OFDM symbol 262 262 127 64
Capacity unit size incl. RFU bits 2 064 2 064 2 064 2 064
Modulation index 4 4 4 4
Signal Bandwidth MHz 4,7549 × nFlx/10 4,7549 × nFlx/9 1,5314 × nFlx/6 1,5335 × nFlx/12
Samples per symbol 2 304 2 560 1 280 640
Symbol length incl. guard interval µs 357,03 × 10/nFlx 396,69 × 9/nFlx 595,04 × 6/nFlx 297,52 × 12/nFlx
Guard interval length µs 39,67 × 10/nFlx 79,34 × 9/nFlx 119,01 × 6/nFlx 59,50 × 12/nFlx
sub-carrier distance in kHz kHz 3,15 × nFlx/10 3,15 × nFlx/9 2,10 × nFlx/6 4,20 × nFlx/12
Data sub-carriers per symbol 1 247 1 247 602 301
OFDM Symbols per Phy section 24 24 24 24
Data sub-carriers per Phy section 29 928 29 928 14 448 7 224
Bit per Phy section 119 712 119 712 57 792 28 896
CU per Phy section 58 58 28 14
Length of Phy section ms 8,59 × 10/nFlx 9,52 × 9/nFlx 14,28 × 6/nFlx 7,14 × 12/nFlx
Padding bits 0 0 0 0
preamble per IPL-MC frame 1 1 1 1
Phy sections per IPL-MC frame 5 5 5 5
sub-carrier per IPL-MC frame 150 887 150 887 72 842 36 421
Bit per IPL-MC frame 603 548 603 548 291 368 145 684
Length of IPL-MC frame ms 43,20 × 10/nFlx 48,00 × 9/nFlx 72,00 × 6/nFlx 36,00 × 12/nFlx
CU per IPL-MC frame 290 290 140 70
Padding bits (informative only) 0 0 0 0
4.3 Generation of one Phy section
4.3.1 Overview
The generation of one Phy section is performed as follows:
• handling of data payload (capacity units, CU, etc.);
• handling of signalling bits (RFU: reserved for future use), applicable to modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4;
• scrambling for energy dispersal;
• accumulation of CU for one Phy section.
ETSI
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
4.3.1.1 Overview of Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4
Figure 3 displays the generation of one Phy section in Mode 2, 2s, 3 and 4.
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Scrambling sequence generator
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
+
feedback
16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU
Grouping of several CU
to generate one Phy section
29 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 2 and 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
2s, QPSK
Phy section overall length: 59 856 bit
58 CU per Phy section for mode 2 and 2s, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 2 and
RFU RFU RFU
2s, 16QAM
Phy section overall length: 119 712 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 3, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 3,
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
28 CU per Phy section for mode 3, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 3, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 57 792 bit
7 CU per Phy section for mode 4, QPSK
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
Mode 4, 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
RFU RFU RFU
QPSK
Phy section overall length: 14 448 bit
14 CU per Phy section for mode 4, 16QAM
16 bit 16 bit 16 bit
1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit 1 CU = 2 048 bit
Mode 4,
RFU RFU RFU
16QAM
Phy section overall length: 28 896 bit
Figure 3: Overview of the generation of one Phy section for modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4
4.3.2 RFU section insertion
The present clause applies to Mode 2, 2s, 3 or 4 transmission.
In modes 2, 2s, 3 and 4, each CU is followed by 16 signalling bits which are currently not used but are reserved for
future use. All bits are set to zero. The block size for one CU after RFU insertion is 2 064 bits, see also figure 3.
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12 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-3 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
4.3.3 Energy dispersal (scrambling)
Energy dispersal is applied to the data payload and the RFU bits. The energy dispersal is performed using a length
11
2 047 (2 - 1) scrambler with an internal shift register of length 11. The scrambler is described using the following
generator polynomial as derived from ITU-T Recommendation O.153 [i.2].
11 9
X + X + 1, initial state is set to "11001110001" (see figure 7)
Figure
...
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