SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
(Main)Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies the functionality of the outer physical layer. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Satelitski digitalni radijski sistemi - 1. del: Fizična plast radijskega vmesnika - 1. poddel: Zunanja fizična plast
Pričujoči dokument zadeva radijski vmesnik SDR radiodifuzijskih sprejemnikov. Določa funkcionalnost zunanje fizične plasti. Dopušča izvajanje tega dela sistema v interoperabilnem načinu.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems - Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface - Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer35.100.10Physical layer33.060.30Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski komunikacijski sistemiRadio relay and fixed satellite communications systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 550-1-1 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010en01-april-2010SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)2
Reference DEN/SES-00312-1-1 Keywords digital, layer 1, radio, satellite ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 5 Foreword . 5 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 7 2 References . 7 2.1 Normative references . 7 2.2 Informative references . 7 3 Symbols and abbreviations . 8 3.1 Symbols . 8 3.2 Abbreviations . 8 4 Outer physical layer. 8 4.1 Overview . 8 4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL) . 12 4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation . 13 4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) . 14 4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) . 14 4.3.3 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 2 (MPEG-TS) . 14 4.3.4 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 3 (IP stream) . 16 4.4 PL FEC: turbo code . 17 4.4.1 Interface to OPL encapsulation . 17 4.4.2 Turbo encoder . 18 4.4.3 Turbo code termination . 21 4.4.4 Turbo Interleavers . 23 4.4.5 Output of turbo encoder . 24 4.4.6 FEC Parameter signalling . 24 4.4.7 Diversity combining . 25 4.4.8 FEC Parameters for the signalling pipe . 25 4.5 Mixer . 25 4.6 Segmenter and Slot demultiplexer . 26 4.7 Disperser. 27 4.8 Collector . 28 4.9 C-TS multiplexer . 29 4.10 Configuration of the OPL . 30 4.10.1 Signalling pipe . 30 4.10.1.1 Encoding and interleaving of signalling pipe . 30 4.10.1.2 SOF Preamble . 31 4.10.1.3 Format of the signalling pipe infoword . 31 4.10.2 Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex . 36 4.10.3 S-TS schedule and slot allocation . 37 4.10.4 S-TS re-scheduling and slot re-allocation . 38 4.10.5 Birth/death of S-TS . 38 4.10.6 S-TS ID . 38 4.10.7 Calculation of the disperser profile . 39 4.10.8 Configuration of the tail pipe . 40 4.10.9 Unused pipes . 40 4.10.10 Announcing reconfigurations and reschedulings . 40 4.10.11 Pipe reconfiguration . 41 4.11 Network aspects . 45 Annex A (normative): Number format definitions . 47 A.1 Number format and transmission order . 47 A.2 SI-Prefix Notation . 47 SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)4 A.3 Default Settings . 47 Annex B (normative): Calculation of the CRC word . 48 Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 49 History . 50
SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). The present document is part 1, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Satellite Digital Radio (SDR), as identified below: Part 1: "Physical Layer of the Radio Interface"; Sub-part 1: "Outer Physical Layer"; Sub-part 2: "Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation"; Sub-part 3: "Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation".
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 15 February 2010 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 November 2010 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
Introduction TC SES is producing standards and other deliverables for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters. Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.1]. Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the inner physical layer with a single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future specifications. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)6 The present document specifies the outer physical layer. The inner physical layer with single carrier modulation is specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2], and with multi carrier modulation in EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]. Guidelines for using the physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.4]. The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 550 [i.5] and is recommended for new implementations. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)7 1 Scope The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies the functionality of the outer physical layer. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] ISO/IEC 13818-1: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems". [2] ISO/IEC 11172-1: "Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 1: Systems". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] ETSI TR 102 525: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies". [i.2] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation". [i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation". [i.4] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards". SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)8 [i.5] ETSI TS 102 550 (V1.3.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Outer Physical Layer of the Radio Interface". 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Code rate 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BCH Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem code CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum C-TS Channel-Transport Stream CU Capacity Unit FEC Forward Error Correction ID IDentifier IP Internet Protocol IPL Inner Physical Layer IU Interleaving Unit LSB Least Significant Bit MPEG-TS MPEG Transport Stream MSB Most Significant Bit MTU Maximum Transfer Unit OPL Outer Physical Layer PF Physical layer FEC PFIW Physical layer FEC Info Word PL Physical Layer QoS Quality of Service RFU Reserved for Future Use SDR Satellite Digital Radio SL Service Layer SOF Start Of Frame S-TS Service-Transport Stream VBR Variable Bit Rate WER Word Error Rate XOR eXclusive OR 4 Outer physical layer Refer to annex A for number format definitions. 4.1 Overview Figure 1 displays the position and the interfaces of the Outer Physical Layer (in the following denoted by OPL) inside a complete broadcast transmission chain. The OPL connects to the Service Layer, where the interface is Service Transport Streams (S-TS) on the one side, and on the other side to the Inner Physical Layer (IPL - described in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2] and EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]), where the interfaces are Channel Transport Streams (C-TS). SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)9
Figure 1: Position and interfaces of the OPL inside the transmission chain The following table gives an overview about the terminology used for the data streaming through the system.
Description
Comments SC Service component E.g. source encoded audio or video or other data SC-TS Service component transport stream
ES Elementary Stream ES: Elementary Stream, a generic term for one of the coded video, coded audio or other coded data bitstreams, cf. MPEG-1 standard ISO/IEC 11172-1 [2]. Program A program is a collection of program elements. Program elements may be elementary streams (ES, SC-TS). In line with the definition used for MPEG standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]. Service
Set of programs and related auxiliary information
S-TS Service transport stream
Generalized term for transport stream. MPEG-TS is one example for a service transport stream.
MPEG-TS Transport stream compliant to MPEG standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]
C-TS Channel transport stream Data stream (bit stream) representing the input to the modulator = data stream including all redundancy added by the FEC encoder - possibly with time-interleaving - and carrying configuration signalling information for the receiver. The content of the C-TS is referred to as a C-TS multiplex (a multiplex of encoded and interleaved S-TS plus signalling information). A bouquet of programs is carried by one or more C-TS multiplexes. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)10
Description
Comments Channel
RF resource
The meaning "RF resource" is aligned with the terminology used for DVB.
The functionality of the Outer Physical Layer is to provide Forward Error Correction and time interleaving for resistance against a variety of transmission channel conditions. Different transport channels are used in the OPL to offer the requested performance for different types of services. These transport channels are called pipes in the scope of the present document. The OPL is configurable in terms of error protection, outage mitigation in case of signal losses, end-to-end delay, zapping time, payload throughput and receiver complexity.
Multiple pipes can be used as described above. Each of them contains FEC, Mixer and Disperser. One special pipe exists whose functionality is to transmit all relevant parameters to decode the other pipes. The so-called signalling pipe is always transmitted at the lowest coderate which is 1/5. The modulation of the signalling pipe is equal to the modulation of the data pipes.
The general block diagram of the OPL functionality is given in figure 2. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)11
Figure 2: General overview of the OPL functionality SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)12 The processing, multiplexing and demultiplexing of the data in the OPL is displayed in figure 3. An S-TS scheduler multiplexes together all S-TS contained in the pipe. The scheduler is controlled by an S-TS schedule, which determines the number of words taken from one S-TS before the multiplexer selects the next S-TS of the pipe. After an encapsulation, FEC encoding and mixing, the codewords (segmented into interleaver units) are demultiplexed codeword-wise to the slots of the considered pipe, each of the slots possessing its individual disperser. After demultiplexing a codeword to a slot, i.e. to the input of its disperser, the slot demultiplexer selects the next slot/disperser. At the outputs of the dispersers, the dispersed codewords are multiplexed together again by the collector to form one pipe. The slot demultiplexer and the collector always select synchronously the same slot/disperser.
OPL EncapsulationPL FECMixerSegmenterDisperserDisperserDisperserSlotDemuxCollectorC-TSmuxS-TS iS-TS i + 1.Packets of anS-TSPF infowordsPF codewordsMixed codewordsSlots of IUsIUs of one slotDispersed IUs of one slotSlots or IUs of one pipe of one C-TS frameS-TS jS-TSschedulerNumber of S-TS in this pipe:Num_STSNumber of Dispersers in this pipe:Pipe_Width_SlotsOPL EncapsulationOPL Encapsulation Figure 3: Definition of the different blocks involved in the OPL processing 4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL) The interface to the service layer is the so-called Service-Transport Stream (S-TS). For the OPL, each S-TS source is the smallest granularity which can be processed independently.
The interface may work synchronously or asynchronously. In the case of asynchronous interface, the PL must be able to accept at least the average data rate that is provided by the SL. Any data buffering shall be done inside the SL, such that no data from the S-TS is lost at this interface. When the PL requests new data for transmission, the SL can either provide the requested data to the PL or it can signal that no data is currently available. If no data is available for transmission, the PL instead transmits dummy data that is discarded in the receiver. Inside an S-TS, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of information shall be carried out by the service layer.
Each pipe provides a different set of transmission parameters (e.g. FEC code rate and disperser profile), and achieves a different QoS in terms of protection against transmission errors and end-to-end delay. One pipe of the OPL may carry several S-TS, all with the same QoS parameters.
If PL time slicing is used, each time slice is associated with one S-TS. The scheduling of the S-TS, i.e. their start instants and lengths, inside a pipe can be adapted frequently (once per schedule/time slicing period). This opens the possibility of handling Variable Bit Rate (VBR) transmission. The maximum allowed payload throughput per S-TS is 3,2 Mbit/s (this corresponds to approximately 8 to 10 video services inside one S-TS). This is the throughput that the processing chain inside the receiver (e.g. the turbo decoder) must be able to handle at least. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)13 4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation The OPL is prepared to transport different types of S-TS, and a mixture of different S-TS types may be transported simultaneously over one C-TS multiplex. The following parameters have to be determined for each S-TS (for parameters, refer to signalling pipe in clause 4.10.1): • S-TS ID: identifier for the transported S-TS, that is unique for each network operator (i.e. for each Operator_ID); observe that one S-TS may be transported over multiple instances of the PL and still have a single unique S-TS ID; this helps, for example, for diversity combining of one S-TS transmitted over satellite and simultaneously over terrestrial repeaters. Several rules apply for the S-TS: - S-TS ID 0 plays a special role: this is the Service Layer configuration S-TS (the SL can signal its own configuration via this S-TS). - An S-TS may be fed to several C-TS multiplexes. The S-TS IDs in all of these C-TS multiplexes are identical. - An S-TS may not be fed to several pipes inside the same C-TS multiplex, and an S-TS may not be fed several times to the same pipe inside one C-TS multiplex either. - S-TS IDs must be unique over the complete network of one operator except for S-TS ID 0 which is allowed on every C-TS multiplex. - S-TS with an identical Operator_ID and S-TS ID can always be diversity combined (except for S-TS ID 0). - The length of an S-TS can be configured in a granularity of one PL infoword per C-TS frame. • Pipe number that this S-TS is transported over. Moreover, for the ensemble of S-TS contained inside a complete C-TS multiplex, the following parameters have to be fixed (for parameters, refer also to signalling pipe in clause 4.10.1): • Operator_ ID: unique identifier for the network operator. • Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex into pipes and scheduling of the S-TS inside the pipes, i.e. what is the data rate of one S-TS and when are the bursts of one S-TS transported. Each S-TS is partitioned into packets to match the length of the PL FEC information word (PF infoword). The packet size is individual for each type of S-TS. The OPL encapsulation inside the S-TS to OPL adaptation layer adapts the length of the S-TS packets to the PF infoword length by appending a suffix to the S-TS packet. Table 1 defines the S-TS packet length and the suffix length for different S-TS types. Table 1: Defined S-TS type IDs S-TS Type S-TS Type ID S-TS payload packet Size in bytes Suffix length in bits Comment Dummy packet 0 0 26 used for asynchronous sl/pl interface. is discarded in receiver. Transparent 1 1 532 26 sl has to decide what to do with this data. MPEG-TS 2 1 504 250 payload packet is 8 mpeg packets of 188 bytes each; additionally, a bch code of 196 bits is applied. IP stream 3 1 504 250 mtu of ip = 4 095 bytes with 2 bytes additional header per packet. RFU 4 to 7
reserved for future s-ts types.
The detailed format for the different types of S-TS is given in the following clauses. The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) polynomial, which appears in the following clauses, is x8 + x5 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 for all S-TS stream types. The calculation of the CRC is described in annex B. SIST EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)14 4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) The format of the dummy packet is given in table 2. The insertion of a dummy packet is performed if no data was available at the instant of processing the actual packet in the OPL. Table 2: PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) Start bit index Parameter Description Wordsize (bits) Format Comment 0 Dummy data To be filled with zeros 12 256 1 532×U8
(1 532 bytes)
12 256 RFU 4 bits reserved for future use 4 U4 helps to bit-align the payload to byte boundaries. 12 260 STS_ID S-TS ID 8 U8 can be chosen arbitrarily. 12 268 STS_Stream_Type_ID S-TS stream type identifier 3 U3 fixed to 0 for dummy packets. 12 271 Encap_Ver Version number of the OPL encapsulation format 3 U3 fixed to 0. 12 274 HeaderCRC CRC over the 18 relevant bits of the header 8 U8 the light grey marked bits are included in the header.
Total length of PFIW 12 282
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) The format of the transparent mode is given in table 3. It provides a transparent transmission of whatever payload. The throughput capability of the transparent stream type is 1 532 bytes per PF infoword. No additional error correction or detection except the turbo code is used; therefore, data integrity and flow control needs to be performed by the link layer. The definition of such protocol is not included in the present document.
Table 3: PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) Start bit index Parame
...
ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-1
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
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3 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Symbols . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Outer physical layer. 8
4.1 Overview . 8
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL) . 12
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation . 13
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) . 14
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) . 14
4.3.3 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 2 (MPEG-TS) . 14
4.3.4 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 3 (IP stream) . 16
4.4 PL FEC: turbo code . 17
4.4.1 Interface to OPL encapsulation . 17
4.4.2 Turbo encoder . 18
4.4.3 Turbo code termination . 21
4.4.4 Turbo Interleavers . 23
4.4.5 Output of turbo encoder . 24
4.4.6 FEC Parameter signalling . 24
4.4.7 Diversity combining . 25
4.4.8 FEC Parameters for the signalling pipe . 25
4.5 Mixer . 25
4.6 Segmenter and Slot demultiplexer . 26
4.7 Disperser. 27
4.8 Collector . 28
4.9 C-TS multiplexer . 29
4.10 Configuration of the OPL . 30
4.10.1 Signalling pipe . 30
4.10.1.1 Encoding and interleaving of signalling pipe . 30
4.10.1.2 SOF Preamble . 31
4.10.1.3 Format of the signalling pipe infoword . 31
4.10.2 Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex . 36
4.10.3 S-TS schedule and slot allocation . 37
4.10.4 S-TS re-scheduling and slot re-allocation . 38
4.10.5 Birth/death of S-TS . 38
4.10.6 S-TS ID . 38
4.10.7 Calculation of the disperser profile . 39
4.10.8 Configuration of the tail pipe . 40
4.10.9 Unused pipes . 40
4.10.10 Announcing reconfigurations and reschedulings . 40
4.10.11 Pipe reconfiguration . 41
4.11 Network aspects . 45
Annex A (normative): Number format definitions . 47
A.1 Number format and transmission order . 47
A.2 SI-Prefix Notation . 47
ETSI
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4 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
A.3 Default Settings . 47
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the CRC word . 48
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 49
History . 50
ETSI
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5 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES).
The present document is part 1, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Satellite Digital Radio (SDR), as
identified below:
Part 1: "Physical Layer of the Radio Interface";
Sub-part 1: "Outer Physical Layer";
Sub-part 2: "Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation";
Sub-part 3: "Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 15 February 2010
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
Introduction
TC SES is producing standards and other deliverables for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. An SDR system
enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters.
Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.1].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with a single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
ETSI
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6 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
The present document specifies the outer physical layer. The inner physical layer with single carrier modulation is
specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2], and with multi carrier modulation in EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]. Guidelines for using the
physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.4].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 550 [i.5] and is recommended for new implementations.
ETSI
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7 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies the functionality of the outer
physical layer. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ISO/IEC 13818-1: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems".
[2] ISO/IEC 11172-1: "Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for
digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 1: Systems".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 525: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single
Carrier Modulation".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi
Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 550 (V1.3.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Outer Physical Layer of the Radio Interface".
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Code rate
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BCH Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem code
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum
C-TS Channel-Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FEC Forward Error Correction
ID IDentifier
IP Internet Protocol
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IU Interleaving Unit
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG-TS MPEG Transport Stream
MSB Most Significant Bit
MTU Maximum Transfer Unit
OPL Outer Physical Layer
PF Physical layer FEC
PFIW Physical layer FEC Info Word
PL Physical Layer
QoS Quality of Service
RFU Reserved for Future Use
SDR Satellite Digital Radio
SL Service Layer
SOF Start Of Frame
S-TS Service-Transport Stream
VBR Variable Bit Rate
WER Word Error Rate
XOR eXclusive OR
4 Outer physical layer
Refer to annex A for number format definitions.
4.1 Overview
Figure 1 displays the position and the interfaces of the Outer Physical Layer (in the following denoted by OPL) inside a
complete broadcast transmission chain. The OPL connects to the Service Layer, where the interface is Service
Transport Streams (S-TS) on the one side, and on the other side to the Inner Physical Layer (IPL - described in
EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2] and EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]), where the interfaces are Channel Transport Streams (C-TS).
ETSI
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9 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Figure 1: Position and interfaces of the OPL inside the transmission chain
The following table gives an overview about the terminology used for the data streaming through the system.
Description Comments
SC Service component E.g. source encoded audio or video or other data
SC-TS Service component transport stream
ES Elementary Stream ES: Elementary Stream, a generic term for one of the
coded video, coded audio or other coded data
bitstreams, cf. MPEG-1 standard
ISO/IEC 11172-1 [2].
Program A program is a collection of program In line with the definition used for MPEG standard
elements. Program elements may be ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1].
elementary streams (ES, SC-TS).
Service Set of programs and related auxiliary
information
S-TS Service transport stream Generalized term for transport stream. MPEG-TS is
one example for a service transport stream.
MPEG-TS Transport stream compliant to MPEG
standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]
C-TS Channel transport stream Data stream (bit stream) representing the input to the
modulator = data stream including all redundancy
added by the FEC encoder - possibly with
time-interleaving - and carrying configuration
signalling information for the receiver.
The content of the C-TS is referred to as a C-TS
multiplex (a multiplex of encoded and interleaved
S-TS plus signalling information).
A bouquet of programs is carried by one or more
C-TS multiplexes.
ETSI
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10 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Description Comments
Channel RF resource The meaning "RF resource" is aligned with the
terminology used for DVB.
The functionality of the Outer Physical Layer is to provide Forward Error Correction and time interleaving for
resistance against a variety of transmission channel conditions. Different transport channels are used in the OPL to offer
the requested performance for different types of services. These transport channels are called pipes in the scope of the
present document. The OPL is configurable in terms of error protection, outage mitigation in case of signal losses,
end-to-end delay, zapping time, payload throughput and receiver complexity.
Multiple pipes can be used as described above. Each of them contains FEC, Mixer and Disperser. One special pipe
exists whose functionality is to transmit all relevant parameters to decode the other pipes. The so-called signalling pipe
is always transmitted at the lowest coderate which is 1/5. The modulation of the signalling pipe is equal to the
modulation of the data pipes.
The general block diagram of the OPL functionality is given in figure 2.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
Figure 2: General overview of the OPL functionality
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
12 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
The processing, multiplexing and demultiplexing of the data in the OPL is displayed in figure 3. An S-TS scheduler
multiplexes together all S-TS contained in the pipe. The scheduler is controlled by an S-TS schedule, which determines
the number of words taken from one S-TS before the multiplexer selects the next S-TS of the pipe. After an
encapsulation, FEC encoding and mixing, the codewords (segmented into interleaver units) are demultiplexed
codeword-wise to the slots of the considered pipe, each of the slots possessing its individual disperser. After
demultiplexing a codeword to a slot, i.e. to the input of its disperser, the slot demultiplexer selects the next
slot/disperser. At the outputs of the dispersers, the dispersed codewords are multiplexed together again by the collector
to form one pipe. The slot demultiplexer and the collector always select synchronously the same slot/disperser.
IUs of one slot Dispersed IUs of
Packets of an one slot
S-TS
Slots of IUs
OPL Slots or IUs of
Disperser
S-TS i one pipe of one
Encapsulation
Mixed
PF infowords PF codewords C-TS frame
codewords
OPL
S-TS i + 1
Encapsulation
C-TS
PL FEC Mixer Segmenter Disperser
mux
... Collector
Slot
Demux
OPL S-TS
S-TS j
Encapsulation scheduler
...
Number of S-TS
Disperser
in this pipe:
Num_STS
Number of
Dispersers in this
pipe:
Pipe_Width_Slots
Figure 3: Definition of the different blocks involved in the OPL processing
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL)
The interface to the service layer is the so-called Service-Transport Stream (S-TS). For the OPL, each S-TS source is
the smallest granularity which can be processed independently.
The interface may work synchronously or asynchronously. In the case of asynchronous interface, the PL must be able to
accept at least the average data rate that is provided by the SL. Any data buffering shall be done inside the SL, such that
no data from the S-TS is lost at this interface. When the PL requests new data for transmission, the SL can either
provide the requested data to the PL or it can signal that no data is currently available. If no data is available for
transmission, the PL instead transmits dummy data that is discarded in the receiver.
Inside an S-TS, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of information shall be carried out by the service layer.
Each pipe provides a different set of transmission parameters (e.g. FEC code rate and disperser profile), and achieves a
different QoS in terms of protection against transmission errors and end-to-end delay. One pipe of the OPL may carry
several S-TS, all with the same QoS parameters.
If PL time slicing is used, each time slice is associated with one S-TS. The scheduling of the S-TS, i.e. their start
instants and lengths, inside a pipe can be adapted frequently (once per schedule/time slicing period). This opens the
possibility of handling Variable Bit Rate (VBR) transmission.
The maximum allowed payload throughput per S-TS is 3,2 Mbit/s (this corresponds to approximately 8 to 10 video
services inside one S-TS). This is the throughput that the processing chain inside the receiver (e.g. the turbo decoder)
must be able to handle at least.
ETSI
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13 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation
The OPL is prepared to transport different types of S-TS, and a mixture of different S-TS types may be transported
simultaneously over one C-TS multiplex.
The following parameters have to be determined for each S-TS (for parameters, refer to signalling pipe in
clause 4.10.1):
• S-TS ID: identifier for the transported S-TS, that is unique for each network operator (i.e. for each
Operator_ID); observe that one S-TS may be transported over multiple instances of the PL and still have a
single unique S-TS ID; this helps, for example, for diversity combining of one S-TS transmitted over satellite
and simultaneously over terrestrial repeaters. Several rules apply for the S-TS:
- S-TS ID 0 plays a special role: this is the Service Layer configuration S-TS (the SL can signal its own
configuration via this S-TS).
- An S-TS may be fed to several C-TS multiplexes. The S-TS IDs in all of these C-TS multiplexes are
identical.
- An S-TS may not be fed to several pipes inside the same C-TS multiplex, and an S-TS may not be fed
several times to the same pipe inside one C-TS multiplex either.
- S-TS IDs must be unique over the complete network of one operator except for S-TS ID 0 which is
allowed on every C-TS multiplex.
- S-TS with an identical Operator_ID and S-TS ID can always be diversity combined (except for
S-TS ID 0).
- The length of an S-TS can be configured in a granularity of one PL infoword per C-TS frame.
• Pipe number that this S-TS is transported over.
Moreover, for the ensemble of S-TS contained inside a complete C-TS multiplex, the following parameters have to be
fixed (for parameters, refer also to signalling pipe in clause 4.10.1):
• Operator_ ID: unique identifier for the network operator.
• Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex into pipes and scheduling of the S-TS inside the pipes, i.e. what is the data
rate of one S-TS and when are the bursts of one S-TS transported.
Each S-TS is partitioned into packets to match the length of the PL FEC information word (PF infoword). The packet
size is individual for each type of S-TS. The OPL encapsulation inside the S-TS to OPL adaptation layer adapts the
length of the S-TS packets to the PF infoword length by appending a suffix to the S-TS packet. Table 1 defines the S-TS
packet length and the suffix length for different S-TS types.
Table 1: Defined S-TS type IDs
S-TS Type S-TS Type ID S-TS payload packet Suffix length Comment
Size in bytes in bits
Dummy packet 0 0 26 used for asynchronous sl/pl interface.
is discarded in receiver.
Transparent
1 1 532 26 sl has to decide what to do with this
data.
MPEG-TS 2 1 504 250 payload packet is 8 mpeg packets of
188 bytes each; additionally, a bch
code of 196 bits is applied.
IP stream 3 1 504 250 mtu of ip = 4 095 bytes with 2 bytes
additional header per packet.
RFU
4 to 7 reserved for future s-ts types.
The detailed format for the different types of S-TS is given in the following clauses. The Cyclic Redundancy Check
8 5 3 2
(CRC) polynomial, which appears in the following clauses, is x + x + x + x + x + 1 for all S-TS stream types. The
calculation of the CRC is described in annex B.
ETSI
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14 ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.1 (2010-02)
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
The format of the dummy packet is given in table 2. The insertion of a dummy packet is performed if no data was
available at the instant of processing the actual packet in the OPL.
Table 2: PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
Start bit Wordsize
Parameter Description Format Comment
index (bits)
1 532×U8
0 Dummy data To be filled with zeros 12 256
(1 532 bytes)
helps to bit-align the payload to
12 256 RFU 4 bits reserved for future use 4 U4
byte boundaries.
12 260 STS_ID S-TS ID 8 U8 can be chosen arbitrarily.
12 268 STS_Stream_Type_ID S-TS stream type identifier 3 U3 fixed to 0 for dummy packets.
Version number of the OPL
12 271 Encap_Ver 3 U3 fixed to 0.
encapsulation format
CRC over the 18 relevant the light grey marked bits are
12 274 HeaderCRC 8 U8
bits of the header included in the header.
Total length of PFIW 12 282
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent)
The format of the transparent mode is given in table 3. It provides a transparent transmission of whatever payload. The
throughput capability of the transparent stream type is 1 532 bytes per PF infoword. No additional error correction or
detection except the turbo code is used; therefore, data integrity and flow control needs to be performed by th
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-1
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
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ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Symbols . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Outer physical layer. 7
4.1 Overview . 7
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL) . 11
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation . 12
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) . 13
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) . 13
4.3.3 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 2 (MPEG-TS) . 13
4.3.4 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 3 (IP stream) . 15
4.4 PL FEC: turbo code . 16
4.4.1 Interface to OPL encapsulation . 16
4.4.2 Turbo encoder . 17
4.4.3 Turbo code termination . 20
4.4.4 Turbo Interleavers . 22
4.4.5 Output of turbo encoder . 23
4.4.6 FEC Parameter signalling . 23
4.4.7 Diversity combining . 24
4.4.8 FEC Parameters for the signalling pipe . 24
4.5 Mixer . 24
4.6 Segmenter and Slot demultiplexer . 25
4.7 Disperser. 26
4.8 Collector . 27
4.9 C-TS multiplexer . 28
4.10 Configuration of the OPL . 29
4.10.1 Signalling pipe . 29
4.10.1.1 Encoding and interleaving of signalling pipe . 29
4.10.1.2 SOF Preamble . 30
4.10.1.3 Format of the signalling pipe infoword . 30
4.10.2 Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex . 35
4.10.3 S-TS schedule and slot allocation . 36
4.10.4 S-TS re-scheduling and slot re-allocation . 37
4.10.5 Birth/death of S-TS . 37
4.10.6 S-TS ID . 37
4.10.7 Calculation of the disperser profile . 38
4.10.8 Configuration of the tail pipe . 39
4.10.9 Unused pipes . 39
4.10.10 Announcing reconfigurations and reschedulings . 39
4.10.11 Pipe reconfiguration . 40
4.11 Network aspects . 44
Annex A (normative): Number format definitions . 46
A.1 Number format and transmission order . 46
A.2 SI-Prefix Notation . 46
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
A.3 Default Settings . 46
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the CRC word . 47
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval
Procedure.
The present document is part 1, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Satellite Digital Radio (SDR), as
identified below:
Part 1: "Physical Layer of the Radio Interface";
Sub-part 1: "Outer Physical Layer";
Sub-part 2: "Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation";
Sub-part 3: "Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
Introduction
TC SES is producing standards and other deliverables for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. An SDR system
enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters.
Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.1].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with a single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
The present document specifies the outer physical layer. The inner physical layer with single carrier modulation is
specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2], and with multi carrier modulation in EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]. Guidelines for using the
physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.4].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 550 [i.5] and is recommended for new implementations.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies the functionality of the outer
physical layer. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ISO/IEC 13818-1: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems".
[2] ISO/IEC 11172-1: "Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for
digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 1: Systems".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 525: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single
Carrier Modulation".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi
Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 550 (V1.3.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Outer Physical Layer of the Radio Interface".
ETSI
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Code rate
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BCH Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem code
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum
C-TS Channel-Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FEC Forward Error Correction
ID IDentifier
IP Internet Protocol
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IU Interleaving Unit
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG-TS MPEG Transport Stream
MSB Most Significant Bit
MTU Maximum Transfer Unit
OPL Outer Physical Layer
PF Physical layer FEC
PFIW Physical layer FEC Info Word
PL Physical Layer
QoS Quality of Service
RFU Reserved for Future Use
SL Service Layer
SOF Start Of Frame
S-TS Service-Transport Stream
VBR Variable Bit Rate
WER Word Error Rate
4 Outer physical layer
Refer to annex A for number format definitions.
4.1 Overview
Figure 1 displays the position and the interfaces of the Outer Physical Layer (in the following denoted by OPL) inside a
complete broadcast transmission chain. The OPL connects to the Service Layer, where the interface is Service
Transport Streams (S-TS) on the one side, and on the other side to the Inner Physical Layer (IPL - described in
EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2] and EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]), where the interfaces are Channel Transport Streams (C-TS).
ETSI
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Figure 1: Position and interfaces of the OPL inside the transmission chain
The following table gives an overview about the terminology used for the data streaming through the system.
Description Comments
SC Service component E.g. source encoded audio or video or other data
SC-TS Service component transport stream
ES Elementary Stream ES: Elementary Stream, a generic term for one of the
coded video, coded audio or other coded data
bitstreams, cf. MPEG-1 standard
ISO/IEC 11172-1 [2].
Program A program is a collection of program In line with the definition used for MPEG standard
elements. Program elements may be ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1].
elementary streams (ES, SC-TS).
Service Set of programs and related auxiliary
information
S-TS Service transport stream Generalized term for transport stream. MPEG-TS is
one example for a service transport stream.
MPEG-TS Transport stream compliant to MPEG
standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]
C-TS Channel transport stream Data stream (bit stream) representing the input to the
modulator = data stream including all redundancy
added by the FEC encoder - possibly with
time-interleaving - and carrying configuration
signalling information for the receiver.
The content of the C-TS is referred to as a C-TS
multiplex (a multiplex of encoded and interleaved
S-TS plus signalling information).
A bouquet of programs is carried by one or more
C-TS multiplexes.
ETSI
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Description Comments
Channel RF resource The meaning "RF resource" is aligned with the
terminology used for DVB.
The functionality of the Outer Physical Layer is to provide Forward Error Correction and time interleaving for
resistance against a variety of transmission channel conditions. Different transport channels are used in the OPL to offer
the requested performance for different types of services. These transport channels are called pipes in the scope of the
present document. The OPL is configurable in terms of error protection, outage mitigation in case of signal losses,
end-to-end delay, zapping time, payload throughput and receiver complexity.
Multiple pipes can be used as described above. Each of them contains FEC, Mixer and Disperser. One special pipe
exists whose functionality is to transmit all relevant parameters to decode the other pipes. The so-called signalling pipe
is always transmitted at the lowest coderate which is 1/5. The modulation of the signalling pipe is equal to the
modulation of the data pipes.
The general block diagram of the OPL functionality is given in figure 2.
ETSI
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
Figure 2: General overview of the OPL functionality
ETSI
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
The processing, multiplexing and demultiplexing of the data in the OPL is displayed in figure 3. An S-TS scheduler
multiplexes together all S-TS contained in the pipe. The scheduler is controlled by an S-TS schedule, which determines
the number of words taken from one S-TS before the multiplexer selects the next S-TS of the pipe. After an
encapsulation, FEC encoding and mixing, the codewords (segmented into interleaver units) are demultiplexed
codeword-wise to the slots of the considered pipe, each of the slots possessing its individual disperser. After
demultiplexing a codeword to a slot, i.e. to the input of its disperser, the slot demultiplexer selects the next
slot/disperser. At the outputs of the dispersers, the dispersed codewords are multiplexed together again by the collector
to form one pipe. The slot demultiplexer and the collector always select synchronously the same slot/disperser.
IUs of one slot Dispersed IUs of
Packets of an one slot
S-TS
Slots of IUs
OPL Slots or IUs of
Disperser
S-TS i one pipe of one
Encapsulation
Mixed
PF infowords PF codewords C-TS frame
codewords
OPL
S-TS i + 1
Encapsulation
C-TS
PL FEC Mixer Segmenter Disperser
mux
... Collector
Slot
Demux
OPL S-TS
S-TS j
Encapsulation scheduler
...
Number of S-TS
Disperser
in this pipe:
Num_STS
Number of
Dispersers in this
pipe:
Pipe_Width_Slots
Figure 3: Definition of the different blocks involved in the OPL processing
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL)
The interface to the service layer is the so-called Service-Transport Stream (S-TS). For the OPL, each S-TS source is
the smallest granularity which can be processed independently.
The interface may work synchronously or asynchronously. In the case of asynchronous interface, the PL must be able to
accept at least the average data rate that is provided by the SL. Any data buffering shall be done inside the SL, such that
no data from the S-TS is lost at this interface. When the PL requests new data for transmission, the SL can either
provide the requested data to the PL or it can signal that no data is currently available. If no data is available for
transmission, the PL instead transmits dummy data that is discarded in the receiver.
Inside an S-TS, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of information shall be carried out by the service layer.
Each pipe provides a different set of transmission parameters (e.g. FEC code rate and disperser profile), and achieves a
different QoS in terms of protection against transmission errors and end-to-end delay. One pipe of the OPL may carry
several S-TS, all with the same QoS parameters.
If PL time slicing is used, each time slice is associated with one S-TS. The scheduling of the S-TS, i.e. their start
instants and lengths, inside a pipe can be adapted frequently (once per schedule/time slicing period). This opens the
possibility of handling Variable Bit Rate (VBR) transmission.
The maximum allowed payload throughput per S-TS is 3,2 Mbit/s (this corresponds to approximately 8 to 10 video
services inside one S-TS). This is the throughput that the processing chain inside the receiver (e.g. the turbo decoder)
must be able to handle at least.
ETSI
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation
The OPL is prepared to transport different types of S-TS, and a mixture of different S-TS types may be transported
simultaneously over one C-TS multiplex.
The following parameters have to be determined for each S-TS (for parameters, refer to signalling pipe in
clause 4.10.1):
• S-TS ID: identifier for the transported S-TS, that is unique for each network operator (i.e. for each
Operator_ID); observe that one S-TS may be transported over multiple instances of the PL and still have a
single unique S-TS ID; this helps, for example, for diversity combining of one S-TS transmitted over satellite
and simultaneously over terrestrial repeaters. Several rules apply for the S-TS:
- S-TS ID 0 plays a special role: this is the Service Layer configuration S-TS (the SL can signal its own
configuration via this S-TS).
- An S-TS may be fed to several C-TS multiplexes. The S-TS IDs in all of these C-TS multiplexes are
identical.
- An S-TS may not be fed to several pipes inside the same C-TS multiplex, and an S-TS may not be fed
several times to the same pipe inside one C-TS multiplex either.
- S-TS IDs must be unique over the complete network of one operator except for S-TS ID 0 which is
allowed on every C-TS multiplex.
- S-TS with an identical Operator_ID and S-TS ID can always be diversity combined (except for
S-TS ID 0).
- The length of an S-TS can be configured in a granularity of one PL infoword per C-TS frame.
• Pipe number that this S-TS is transported over.
Moreover, for the ensemble of S-TS contained inside a complete C-TS multiplex, the following parameters have to be
fixed (for parameters, refer also to signalling pipe in clause 4.10.1):
• Operator_ ID: unique identifier for the network operator.
• Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex into pipes and scheduling of the S-TS inside the pipes, i.e. what is the data
rate of one S-TS and when are the bursts of one S-TS transported.
Each S-TS is partitioned into packets to match the length of the PL FEC information word (PF infoword). The packet
size is individual for each type of S-TS. The OPL encapsulation inside the S-TS to OPL adaptation layer adapts the
length of the S-TS packets to the PF infoword length by appending a suffix to the S-TS packet. Table 1 defines the S-TS
packet length and the suffix length for different S-TS types.
Table 1: Defined S-TS type IDs
S-TS Type S-TS Type ID S-TS payload packet Suffix length Comment
Size in bytes in bits
Dummy packet 0 0 26 used for asynchronous sl/pl interface.
is discarded in receiver.
Transparent
1 1 532 26 sl has to decide what to do with this
data.
MPEG-TS 2 1 504 250 payload packet is 8 mpeg packets of
188 bytes each; additionally, a bch
code of 196 bits is applied.
IP stream 3 1 504 250 mtu of ip = 4 095 bytes with 2 bytes
additional header per packet.
RFU
4 to 7 reserved for future s-ts types.
The detailed format for the different types of S-TS is given in the following clauses. The Cyclic Redundancy Check
8 5 3 2
(CRC) polynomial, which appears in the following clauses, is x + x + x + x + x + 1 for all S-TS stream types. The
calculation of the CRC is described in annex B.
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-12)
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
The format of the dummy packet is given in table 2. The insertion of a dummy packet is performed if no data was
available at the instant of processing the actual packet in the OPL.
Table 2: PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
Start bit Wordsize
Parameter Description Format Comment
index (bits)
1 532×U8
0 Dummy data To be filled with zeros 12 256
(1 532 bytes)
helps to bit-align the payload to
12 256 RFU 4 bits reserved for future use 4 U4
byte boundaries.
12 260 STS_ID S-TS ID 8 U8 can be chosen arbitrarily.
12 268 STS_Stream_Type_ID S-TS stream type identifier 3 U3 fixed to 0 for dummy packets.
Version number of the OPL
12 271 Encap_Ver 3 U3 fixed to 0.
encapsulation format
CRC over the 18 relevant the light grey marked bits are
12 274 HeaderCRC 8 U8
bits of the header included in the header.
Total length of PFIW 12 282
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent)
The format of the transparent mode is given in table 3. It provides a transparent transmission of whatever payload. The
throughput capability of the transparent stream type is 1 532 bytes per PF infoword. No additional error correction or
detection except
...
Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;
Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface;
Sub-part 1: Outer Physical Layer
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2 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Reference
DEN/SES-00312-1-1
Keywords
digital, layer 1, radio, satellite
ETSI
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GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Symbols . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Outer physical layer. 7
4.1 Overview . 7
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL) . 11
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation . 12
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet) . 13
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent) . 13
4.3.3 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 2 (MPEG-TS) . 13
4.3.4 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 3 (IP stream) . 15
4.4 PL FEC: turbo code . 16
4.4.1 Interface to OPL encapsulation . 16
4.4.2 Turbo encoder . 17
4.4.3 Turbo code termination . 20
4.4.4 Turbo Interleavers . 22
4.4.5 Output of turbo encoder . 23
4.4.6 FEC Parameter signalling . 23
4.4.7 Diversity combining . 24
4.4.8 FEC Parameters for the signalling pipe . 24
4.5 Mixer . 24
4.6 Segmenter and Slot demultiplexer . 25
4.7 Disperser. 26
4.8 Collector . 27
4.9 C-TS multiplexer . 28
4.10 Configuration of the OPL . 29
4.10.1 Signalling pipe . 29
4.10.1.1 Encoding and interleaving of signalling pipe . 29
4.10.1.2 SOF Preamble . 30
4.10.1.3 Format of the signalling pipe infoword . 30
4.10.2 Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex . 35
4.10.3 S-TS schedule and slot allocation . 36
4.10.4 S-TS re-scheduling and slot re-allocation . 37
4.10.5 Birth/death of S-TS . 37
4.10.6 S-TS ID . 37
4.10.7 Calculation of the disperser profile . 38
4.10.8 Configuration of the tail pipe . 39
4.10.9 Unused pipes . 39
4.10.10 Announcing reconfigurations and reschedulings . 39
4.10.11 Pipe reconfiguration . 40
4.11 Network aspects . 44
Annex A (normative): Number format definitions . 46
A.1 Number format and transmission order . 46
A.2 SI-Prefix Notation . 46
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
A.3 Default Settings . 46
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the CRC word . 47
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth
Stations and Systems (SES), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase of the ETSI standards Two-step
Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 1, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Satellite Digital Radio (SDR), as
identified below:
Part 1: "Physical Layer of the Radio Interface";
Sub-part 1: "Outer Physical Layer";
Sub-part 2: "Inner Physical Layer Single Carrier Modulation";
Sub-part 3: "Inner Physical Layer Multi Carrier Modulation".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
Introduction
TC SES is producing standards and other deliverables for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. An SDR system
enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters.
Functionalities, architecture and technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 [i.1].
Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the SDR system, with the aim of interoperable
implementations. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the
inner physical layer with a single carrier modulation, and the inner physical layer with multi carrier modulation. These
parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and future
specifications.
The present document specifies the outer physical layer. The inner physical layer with single carrier modulation is
specified in EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2], and with multi carrier modulation in EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]. Guidelines for using the
physical layer standard can be found in TR 102 604 [i.4].
The physical layer specifications have previously been published as "Technical Specification (TS)" type ETSI
deliverables. The present document supersedes TS 102 550 [i.5] and is recommended for new implementations.
ETSI
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
1 Scope
The present document concerns the radio interface of SDR broadcast receivers. It specifies the functionality of the outer
physical layer. It allows implementing this part of the system in an interoperable way.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ISO/IEC 13818-1: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems".
[2] ISO/IEC 11172-1: "Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for
digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 1: Systems".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 525: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies".
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 550-1-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 2: Inner Physical Layer Single
Carrier Modulation".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 550-1-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Part 1: Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Sub-part 3: Inner Physical Layer Multi
Carrier Modulation".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 604: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
Systems; Guidelines for the Use of the Physical Layer Standards".
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 550 (V1.3.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems; Outer Physical Layer of the Radio Interface".
ETSI
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7 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Code rate
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BCH Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem code
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum
C-TS Channel-Transport Stream
CU Capacity Unit
FEC Forward Error Correction
ID IDentifier
IP Internet Protocol
IPL Inner Physical Layer
IU Interleaving Unit
LSB Least Significant Bit
MPEG-TS MPEG Transport Stream
MSB Most Significant Bit
MTU Maximum Transfer Unit
OPL Outer Physical Layer
PF Physical layer FEC
PFIW Physical layer FEC Info Word
PL Physical Layer
QoS Quality of Service
RFU Reserved for Future Use
SL Service Layer
SOF Start Of Frame
S-TS Service-Transport Stream
VBR Variable Bit Rate
WER Word Error Rate
4 Outer physical layer
Refer to annex A for number format definitions.
4.1 Overview
Figure 1 displays the position and the interfaces of the Outer Physical Layer (in the following denoted by OPL) inside a
complete broadcast transmission chain. The OPL connects to the Service Layer, where the interface is Service
Transport Streams (S-TS) on the one side, and on the other side to the Inner Physical Layer (IPL - described in
EN 302 550-1-2 [i.2] and EN 302 550-1-3 [i.3]), where the interfaces are Channel Transport Streams (C-TS).
ETSI
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Figure 1: Position and interfaces of the OPL inside the transmission chain
The following table gives an overview about the terminology used for the data streaming through the system.
Description Comments
SC Service component E.g. source encoded audio or video or other data
SC-TS Service component transport stream
ES Elementary Stream ES: Elementary Stream, a generic term for one of the
coded video, coded audio or other coded data
bitstreams, cf. MPEG-1 standard
ISO/IEC 11172-1 [2].
Program A program is a collection of program In line with the definition used for MPEG standard
elements. Program elements may be ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1].
elementary streams (ES, SC-TS).
Service Set of programs and related auxiliary
information
S-TS Service transport stream Generalized term for transport stream. MPEG-TS is
one example for a service transport stream.
MPEG-TS Transport stream compliant to MPEG
standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]
C-TS Channel transport stream Data stream (bit stream) representing the input to the
modulator = data stream including all redundancy
added by the FEC encoder - possibly with
time-interleaving - and carrying configuration
signalling information for the receiver.
The content of the C-TS is referred to as a C-TS
multiplex (a multiplex of encoded and interleaved
S-TS plus signalling information).
A bouquet of programs is carried by one or more
C-TS multiplexes.
ETSI
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Description Comments
Channel RF resource The meaning "RF resource" is aligned with the
terminology used for DVB.
The functionality of the Outer Physical Layer is to provide Forward Error Correction and time interleaving for
resistance against a variety of transmission channel conditions. Different transport channels are used in the OPL to offer
the requested performance for different types of services. These transport channels are called pipes in the scope of the
present document. The OPL is configurable in terms of error protection, outage mitigation in case of signal losses,
end-to-end delay, zapping time, payload throughput and receiver complexity.
Multiple pipes can be used as described above. Each of them contains FEC, Mixer and Disperser. One special pipe
exists whose functionality is to transmit all relevant parameters to decode the other pipes. The so-called signalling pipe
is always transmitted at the lowest coderate which is 1/5. The modulation of the signalling pipe is equal to the
modulation of the data pipes.
The general block diagram of the OPL functionality is given in figure 2.
ETSI
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
Figure 2: General overview of the OPL functionality
ETSI
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11 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
The processing, multiplexing and demultiplexing of the data in the OPL is displayed in figure 3. An S-TS scheduler
multiplexes together all S-TS contained in the pipe. The scheduler is controlled by an S-TS schedule, which determines
the number of words taken from one S-TS before the multiplexer selects the next S-TS of the pipe. After an
encapsulation, FEC encoding and mixing, the codewords (segmented into interleaver units) are demultiplexed
codeword-wise to the slots of the considered pipe, each of the slots possessing its individual disperser. After
demultiplexing a codeword to a slot, i.e. to the input of its disperser, the slot demultiplexer selects the next
slot/disperser. At the outputs of the dispersers, the dispersed codewords are multiplexed together again by the collector
to form one pipe. The slot demultiplexer and the collector always select synchronously the same slot/disperser.
IUs of one slot Dispersed IUs of
Packets of an one slot
S-TS
Slots of IUs
OPL Slots or IUs of
Disperser
S-TS i one pipe of one
Encapsulation
Mixed
PF infowords PF codewords C-TS frame
codewords
OPL
S-TS i + 1
Encapsulation
C-TS
PL FEC Mixer Segmenter Disperser
mux
... Collector
Slot
Demux
OPL S-TS
S-TS j
Encapsulation scheduler
...
Number of S-TS
Disperser
in this pipe:
Num_STS
Number of
Dispersers in this
pipe:
Pipe_Width_Slots
Figure 3: Definition of the different blocks involved in the OPL processing
4.2 Interfacing to Service Layer (SL)
The interface to the service layer is the so-called Service-Transport Stream (S-TS). For the OPL, each S-TS source is
the smallest granularity which can be processed independently.
The interface may work synchronously or asynchronously. In the case of asynchronous interface, the PL must be able to
accept at least the average data rate that is provided by the SL. Any data buffering shall be done inside the SL, such that
no data from the S-TS is lost at this interface. When the PL requests new data for transmission, the SL can either
provide the requested data to the PL or it can signal that no data is currently available. If no data is available for
transmission, the PL instead transmits dummy data that is discarded in the receiver.
Inside an S-TS, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of information shall be carried out by the service layer.
Each pipe provides a different set of transmission parameters (e.g. FEC code rate and disperser profile), and achieves a
different QoS in terms of protection against transmission errors and end-to-end delay. One pipe of the OPL may carry
several S-TS, all with the same QoS parameters.
If PL time slicing is used, each time slice is associated with one S-TS. The scheduling of the S-TS, i.e. their start
instants and lengths, inside a pipe can be adapted frequently (once per schedule/time slicing period). This opens the
possibility of handling Variable Bit Rate (VBR) transmission.
The maximum allowed payload throughput per S-TS is 3,2 Mbit/s (this corresponds to approximately 8 to 10 video
services inside one S-TS). This is the throughput that the processing chain inside the receiver (e.g. the turbo decoder)
must be able to handle at least.
ETSI
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12 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
4.3 S-TS to OPL adaptation layer: S-TS encapsulation
The OPL is prepared to transport different types of S-TS, and a mixture of different S-TS types may be transported
simultaneously over one C-TS multiplex.
The following parameters have to be determined for each S-TS (for parameters, refer to signalling pipe in
clause 4.10.1):
• S-TS ID: identifier for the transported S-TS, that is unique for each network operator (i.e. for each
Operator_ID); observe that one S-TS may be transported over multiple instances of the PL and still have a
single unique S-TS ID; this helps, for example, for diversity combining of one S-TS transmitted over satellite
and simultaneously over terrestrial repeaters. Several rules apply for the S-TS:
- S-TS ID 0 plays a special role: this is the Service Layer configuration S-TS (the SL can signal its own
configuration via this S-TS).
- An S-TS may be fed to several C-TS multiplexes. The S-TS IDs in all of these C-TS multiplexes are
identical.
- An S-TS may not be fed to several pipes inside the same C-TS multiplex, and an S-TS may not be fed
several times to the same pipe inside one C-TS multiplex either.
- S-TS IDs must be unique over the complete network of one operator except for S-TS ID 0 which is
allowed on every C-TS multiplex.
- S-TS with an identical Operator_ID and S-TS ID can always be diversity combined (except for
S-TS ID 0).
- The length of an S-TS can be configured in a granularity of one PL infoword per C-TS frame.
• Pipe number that this S-TS is transported over.
Moreover, for the ensemble of S-TS contained inside a complete C-TS multiplex, the following parameters have to be
fixed (for parameters, refer also to signalling pipe in clause 4.10.1):
• Operator_ ID: unique identifier for the network operator.
• Partitioning of the C-TS multiplex into pipes and scheduling of the S-TS inside the pipes, i.e. what is the data
rate of one S-TS and when are the bursts of one S-TS transported.
Each S-TS is partitioned into packets to match the length of the PL FEC information word (PF infoword). The packet
size is individual for each type of S-TS. The OPL encapsulation inside the S-TS to OPL adaptation layer adapts the
length of the S-TS packets to the PF infoword length by appending a suffix to the S-TS packet. Table 1 defines the S-TS
packet length and the suffix length for different S-TS types.
Table 1: Defined S-TS type IDs
S-TS Type S-TS Type ID S-TS payload packet Suffix length Comment
Size in bytes in bits
Dummy packet 0 0 26 used for asynchronous sl/pl interface.
is discarded in receiver.
Transparent
1 1 532 26 sl has to decide what to do with this
data.
MPEG-TS 2 1 504 250 payload packet is 8 mpeg packets of
188 bytes each; additionally, a bch
code of 196 bits is applied.
IP stream 3 1 504 250 mtu of ip = 4 095 bytes with 2 bytes
additional header per packet.
RFU
4 to 7 reserved for future s-ts types.
The detailed format for the different types of S-TS is given in the following clauses. The Cyclic Redundancy Check
8 5 3 2
(CRC) polynomial, which appears in the following clauses, is x + x + x + x + x + 1 for all S-TS stream types. The
calculation of the CRC is described in annex B.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
13 Draft ETSI EN 302 550-1-1 V1.1.0 (2009-07)
4.3.1 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
The format of the dummy packet is given in table 2. The insertion of a dummy packet is performed if no data was
available at the instant of processing the actual packet in the OPL.
Table 2: PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 0 (dummy packet)
Start bit Wordsize
Parameter Description Format Comment
index (bits)
1 532×U8
0 Dummy data To be filled with zeros 12 256
(1 532 bytes)
helps to bit-align the payload to
12 256 RFU 4 bits reserved for future use 4 U4
byte boundaries.
12 260 STS_ID S-TS ID 8 U8 can be chosen arbitrarily.
12 268 STS_Stream_Type_ID S-TS stream type identifier 3 U3 fixed to 0 for dummy packets.
Version number of the OPL
12 271 Encap_Ver 3 U3 fixed to 0.
encapsulation format
CRC over the 18 relevant the light grey marked bits are
12 274 HeaderCRC 8 U8
bits of the header included in the header.
Total length of PFIW 12 282
4.3.2 PF infoword format for S-TS stream type 1 (transparent)
The format of the transparent mode is given in table 3. It provides a transparent transmission of whatever payload. The
throughput capability of the transparent stream type is 1 532 bytes per PF infoword. No additional error correction or
detection except the turbo code is used; therefore, data integrity and flow control needs to be
...
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