SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020
(Main)Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
This European Standard defines the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications. This European Standard specifically considers some relevant terms and definitions used in the European Commission Directive 2009/28/EC [1], referred to as Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and in the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC [2] referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other European regulations.
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien, Indikatoren und Prüfer - Teil 1: Terminologie
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Terminologie fest, die in Bezug auf die Nachhaltigkeitskriterien bei der Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen anzuwenden ist. In dieser Europäischen Norm werden insbesondere einige der relevanten Benennungen und Definitionen berücksichtigt, die in der Richtlinie 2009/28/EG der Europäischen Kommission [1], bezeichnet als Erneuerbare Energien Richtlinie (EER), Richtlinie 2009/30/EG der Europäischen Kommission [2], bezeichnet als Kraftstoffqualitätsrichtlinie (FQD Richtlinie), oder in anderen Europäischen Vorschriften angewendet werden.
Critères de durabilité de la production des biocarburants et bioliquides pour des applications énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et vérificateurs - Partie 1: Terminologie
La présente Norme européenne définit la terminologie à utiliser dans le domaine des critères de durabilité relatifs à la production des biocarburants et des bioliquides pour des applications énergétiques. La présente Norme européenne considère spécifiquement certains termes et définitions pertinents utilisés dans la Directive 2009/28/CE [1] de la Commission européenne, désignée en tant que Directive sur les énergies renouvelables (ENR), et dans la Directive 2009/30/CE [2], désignée en tant que Directive qualité des carburants (DQC), ou dans d'autres réglementations européennes.
Trajnostna merila za proizvodnjo biogoriv in biotekočin za energijsko uporabo - Načela, merila, kazalniki in preskuševalniki - 1. del: Terminologija
Ta evropski standard določa terminologijo za uporabo na področju trajnostnih meril za proizvodnjo biogoriv in biotekočin za energijsko uporabo. V tem evropskem standardu so posebej obravnavani nekateri pomembni izrazi in definicije, uporabljeni v Direktivi Evropske komisije 2009/28/ES [1], imenovani direktiva o obnovljivih virih energije (RED), Direktivi Evropske komisije 2009/30/ES [2], imenovani direktiva o kakovosti goriva (FQD), ali v drugih evropskih predpisih.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020
01-januar-2020
Trajnostna merila za proizvodnjo biogoriv in biotekočin za energijsko uporabo -
Načela, merila, kazalniki in preskuševalniki - 1. del: Terminologija
Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications
- Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen
Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien, Indikatoren und Prüfer
- Teil 1: Terminologie
Critères de durabilité de la production des biocarburants et bioliquides pour des
applications énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et vérificateurs - Partie 1:
Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019
ICS:
01.040.27 Prenos energije in toplote Energy and heat transfer
(Slovarji) engineering (Vocabularies)
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020
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SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020
EN 16214-1:2012+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.27; 01.040.75; 27.190; 75.160.40
English Version
Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and
bioliquids for energy applications - Principles, criteria,
indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
Critères de durabilité de la production des Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von
biocarburants et bioliquides pour des applications Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für
énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien,
vérificateurs - Partie 1: Terminologie Indikatoren und Prüfer - Teil 1: Terminologie
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 23 September
2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 !Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
Annex A (normative) Guidance on the identification of residues to use. 20
Annex B (informative) Decision tree . 21
Annex C (informative) Translation of terms . 22
Annex D (informative) A–deviations . 27
Bibliography . 28
Index . 30
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EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 383
“Sustainably produced biomass for energy applications”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 November 2019.
!This document supersedes EN 16214-1:2012."
"The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This European Standard comprises the following parts:
— EN 16214-1, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 1: Terminology;
— prCEN/TS 16214-2, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Part 2: Conformity assessment including chain of custody and mass balance;
— EN 16214-3, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 3: Biodiversity and environmental
aspects related to nature protection purposes;
— EN 16214-4, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Part 4: Calculation methods of the greenhouse gas emission balance using a life cycle
analysis.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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Introduction
Directive 2009/28/EC [1] of the European Commission on the promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources, referred to as the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), incorporates an advanced
binding sustainability scheme for biofuels and bioliquids for the European market. The RED contains
binding sustainability criteria to greenhouse gas savings, land with high biodiversity value, land with
high carbon stock and agro-environmental practices. Several articles in the RED present requirements
to European Member States and to economic operators in Europe. Non-EU countries may have different
requirements and criteria on, for instance, the GHG emission reduction set-off.
The sustainability criteria are also mandated in Directive 98/70/EC [15] relating to the quality of petrol
and diesel fuels, via the amending Directive 2009/30/EC [2] (as regards the specification of petrol,
diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions).
Directive 98/70/EC is referred to as the Fuels Quality Directive (FQD).
!Directive 2015/1513 [3], referred to as the ILUC Directive, amends both the RED and the FQD."
In May 2009, the European Commission requested CEN to initiate work on standard(s) on:
— the implementation, by economic operators, of the mass balance method of custody chain
management;
— the provision, by economic operators, of evidence that the production of raw material has not
interfered with nature protection purposes, that the harvesting of raw material is necessary to
preserve grassland's grassland status, and that the cultivation and harvesting of raw material does
not involve drainage of previously undrained soil;
— the auditing, by Member States and by voluntary schemes of information submitted by economic
operators.
Both the EC and CEN agreed that these may play a role in the implementation of the EU biofuel and
bioliquid sustainability scheme. In the Communication from the Commission on the practical
implementation of the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme and on counting rules for
biofuels (2010/C 160/02, [27]), awareness of the CEN work is indicated.
It is widely accepted that sustainability at large encompasses environmental, social and economic
aspects. The European Directives make mandatory the compliance of several sustainability criteria for
biofuels and bioliquids. This European Standard has been developed with the aim to assist EU Member
States and economic operators with the implementation of EU biofuel and bioliquids sustainability
requirements mandated by the European Directives. This European Standard is limited to certain
aspects relevant for a sustainability assessment of biomass produced for energy applications. Therefore
compliance with this standard or parts thereof alone does not substantiate claims of the biomass being
produced sustainably.
Where applicable, the parts of this standard contain at the end an annex that informs the user of the link
between the requirements in the European Directive and the requirements in the CEN Standard.
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1 Scope
This European Standard defines the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability criteria for the
production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy applications. !This document specifically considers
some relevant terms and definitions used in the European Commission Directive 2009/28/EC [1],
referred to as Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and in the European Commission Directive
2009/30/EC [2] referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), both amended by European Parliament and
Council Directive 2015/1513, referred to as the ILUC Directive [3], or in other European regulations.
NOTE This edition of the standard does not cover the requirements in Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of
the Renewable Energy Directive (referred to as RED II)."
2 !Normative references
There are no normative references in this document."
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
!ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp"
3.1
accreditation
third-party attestation related to a conformity assessment body conveying formal demonstration of its
competence to carry our specific conformity assessment tasks
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 5.6]
3.2
accreditation body
authoritative body that performs accreditation
Note 1 to entry: The authority of an accreditation body is generally derived from government.
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 2.6]
3.3
actual value
greenhouse gas emission or greenhouse gas emission savings for some or all of the steps of a specific
biofuel production process calculated in accordance with a methodology compliant with applicable
regulations
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: See also default value (3.29), disaggregated default value (3.30), typical value (3.87).
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!3.4
agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry residues
residues (3.75) that are directly generated by agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry; they do
not include residues from related industries or processing.
Note 1 to entry: List of feedstocks and fuels whose contribution towards the target are considered by Directive
2015/1513 [3] to be twice their energy content can be found in Annex IX of that Directive.
[SOURCE: Directive 2015/1513]"
3.5
agro-biodiversity
component of biodiversity that contributes to food and agriculture production, encompassing within
species, species and ecosystem diversity
Note 1 to entry: Derived from FAO Glossary WFE 2005.
3.6
allocation
partitioning the input or output flows of a process or a product system between the product system
under study and one or more other product systems
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006, 2.17]
3.7
area for nature protection purposes
area designated by law or other equivalent competent legal authority for the long-term conservation of
nature with associated ecosystem services and biodiversity values
Note 1 to entry: Within MCPFE classification long-term is minimum 20 years for forests and can be different in
other ecosystems and regions [6].
Note 2 to entry: Some clauses or elements of classification schemes might fall out under this definition, for
example IUCN scheme [7].
3.8
audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining evidence and evaluating it objectively
to determine the extent to which the criteria are fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: to entry: Internal audits, sometimes called first-party audits, are conducted by, or on behalf of,
the organization itself for management review and other internal purposes, and may form the basis for an
organization’s self-declaration of conformity. In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence
can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.
Note 2 to entry: to entry: Adapted from EN ISO 19011:2011 [8].
3.9
biofuel
liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
!Note 2 to entry: List of feedstocks and fuels whose contribution towards the target are considered by
Directive 2015/1513 [3] to be twice their energy content can be found in Annex IX of that Directive"
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3.10
biofuel producer
organization or unit responsible for the production of the biofuel
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 14588:2010 [9].
3.11
biofuel production
transformation of biomass or of an intermediate product derived from biomass into a biofuel
3.12
bioliquid
liquid fuel for energy purposes other than for transport, including electricity and heating and cooling,
produced from biomass
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: Includes viscous liquids such as waste cooking oil, animal fats, palm oil, crude tall oil and tall oil
pitch.
3.13
bioliquid production
transformation of biomass or of an intermediate product derived from biomass into a bioliquid
3.14
biomass
biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture
(including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and
aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: The following definition is used in EN 14588:2010 [9]: material of biological origin excluding
material embedded in geological formations and/or transformed to fossil.
3.15
blending
process of defined intentional mixing of a biofuel or a bioliquid with a fossil fuel or of a biofuel with a
biofuel or a bioliquid with a bioliquid
Note 1 to entry: See also mixture (3.57).
3.16
certificate
attestation document issued by an independent third-party certification body
[SOURCE: ISO 22222:2005, 2.2]
3.17
chain of custody
system by which a connection is made between information or claims concerning raw materials or
intermediate products and claims concerning final products, including all the stages from the raw
material production up until the release of the final product for consumption
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3.18
combined heat and power
CHP
simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy
Note 1 to entry: As per 2004/8/EC [11].
Note 2 to entry: Synonymous term: cogeneration.
3.19
conformity assessment
set of procedures or activities intended to provide demonstration that specified requirements relating
to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN ISO/IEC 17000:2004 [4].
Note 2 to entry: See also first-party conformity assessment activity (3.34), second-party conformity assessment
activity (3.77), third-party conformity assessment activity (3.86).
3.20
conformity assessment body
body that performs conformity assessment services
Note 1 to entry: An accreditation body is not a conformity assessment body.
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 2.5]
3.21
consignment
quantity of unfinished or finished product, consisting of one or more batches of the same sustainability
characteristics, which is transferred from one economic operator to another one at the same time.
Note 1 to entry: Transfer from/to two economic operators involves two consignments.
3.22
continuously forested area
land spanning more than one hectare with trees higher than five metres and a canopy cover of more
than 30 %, or trees able to reach those thresholds in situ
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: Excludes land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use.
Note 3 to entry: Land under agricultural use in this context refers to tree stands in agricultural production
systems, such as fruit tree plantations, oil palm plantations, short rotation coppice and, agroforestry systems
when crops are grown under tree cover.
Note 4 to entry: Includes managed forests with harvests and re-growth at intervals.
3.23
conversion
chemical, biological or physical process whereby biomass or an intermediate product is converted into
a finished biofuel/bioliquid or into an intermediate product
3.24
co-processing
simultaneous conversion of feedstocks of different origins e.g. biomass and fossil feedstocks
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3.25
co-product
substance or object resulting from a production process not being a product, residue or waste
Note 1 to entry: See also product (3.68), residue (3.75) and waste (3.91).
3.26
CO equivalent
2
unit for comparing the time integral of radiative forcing of a GHG to carbon dioxide
Note 1 to entry: The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its
global warming potential. [ISO 14064-1:2006 [13]]
3.27
criterion
state or property as a means of judging whether or not a principle has been fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: See also sustainability criteria (3.84).
!3.28
crop-based fuels
biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops and from
crops grown as main crops primarily for energy purposes on agricultural land
Note 1 to entry: to entry: Derived from Directive 2015/1513, Article 2"
3.29
default value
greenhouse gas emission or greenhouse gas emission savings derived from a typical value by the
application of pre-determined factors, which may be used in place of an actual value as specified in
applicable regulations
Note 1 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: See also actual value (3.3), disaggregated default value (3.30), typical value (3.87).
3.30
disaggregated default value
greenhouse gas emission for a specific part of the supply chain derived from a default value.
Note 1 to entry: See also actual value (3.3), default value (3.29), typical value (3.87)
3.31
distribution
set of operations or activities to supply biofuels or bioliquids or their blends from their delivery to the
fuel supplier and up to the final customer
3.32
economic operator
individual or organisation which has ownership or physical control of biomass, intermediate products
and products produced thereof, from the origin to the market availability of the biofuel or bioliquid for
one or several steps in the (biofuel or bioliquid) chain of custody
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3.33
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional unit
3.34
first-party conformity assessment activity
conformity assessment activity that is performed by the person or organization that provides the object
Note 1 to entry: The expression “object of conformity assessment” or “object” is used in this standard to
encompass any particular material, product, installation, process, system, person or body to which conformity
assessment is applied.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN ISO/IEC 17000:2004 [4].
3.35
forest
1)
with trees higher than 5 m and a canopy cover of more than 10 %, or
land spanning more than 1 ha
trees able to reach these thresholds in situ, not including land that is predominantly under agricultural
or urban land use
Note 1 to entry: Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land
uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m in situ.
Note 2 to entry: Includes areas with young trees that have not yet reached but which are expected to reach a
canopy cover of 10 % and tree height of 5 m. It also includes areas that are temporarily unstocked due to clear
cutting as part of a forest management practice or natural disasters, and which are expected to be regenerated
within five years. Local conditions may, in exceptional cases, justify that a longer time frame is used.
Note 3 to entry: Includes forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature
reserves and other protected areas such as those of specific environmental, scientific, historical, cultural or
spiritual interest.
Note 4 to entry: Includes windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0,5 ha and
width of more than 20 m.
Note 5 to entry: Includes abandoned shifting cultivation land with a regeneration of trees that have, or is
expected to reach, a canopy cover of 10 % and tree height of 5 m.
Note 6 to entry: Includes areas with mangroves in tidal zones, regardless whether this area is classified as land
area or not.
Note 7 to entry: Excludes rubber-wood, cork oak and Christmas tree plantations with a fixed rotation cycle.
Note 8 to entry: Includes areas with bamboo and palms provided that land use, height and canopy cover criteria
are met.
Note 9 to entry: Excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems, such as fruit tree plantations, oil palm
plantations, short rotation coppice, and agroforestry systems when crops are grown under tree cover.
Note 10 to entry: Some agroforestry systems such as the “Taungya” system where crops are grown only during
the first years of the forest rotation should be classified as forest.
1)
The FAO source document [14] contains a value of 0,5 ha. The value has been adapted according to the RED [1].
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Note 11 to entry: Adapted from [14].
3.36
fossil fuel
liquid and gaseous fuel derived from crude oil, natural gas or coal
3.37
fossil fuel comparator
latest available actual average GHG emissions from the fossil part of fuels consumed in the European
Union as reported under 98/70/EC [15] and 2009/30/EC [2] or if not available the relevant figure as
listed in Annex V part C no. 19 of Directive 2009/28/EC [1]
3.38
fuel
energy carrier intended for energy conversion
Note 1 to entry: Fuels are solid, liquid or gaseous.
Note 2 to entry: Fuels are in this context fossil fuels, biofuels and bioliquids.
Note 3 to entry: As per 2009/28/EC [1].
3.39
global warming potential
GWP
factor describing the radiative forcing impact of one mass-based unit of a given GHG relative to an
equivalent unit of carbon dioxide over a given period of time
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14064-1:2006 [13].
Note 2 to entry: GHG values are provided in Directive 2009/28/EC [1].
3.40
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits
radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earth's
surface, the atmosphere, and clouds
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard, GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous
oxide (N O).
2
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14064-1:2006 [13].
3.41
greenhouse gas emission
total mass of a greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time
Note 1 to entry: Combined emissions of different greenhouse gases are commonly expressed in terms of “CO2
equivalents”.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO 14064-1:2006 [13].
3.42
greenhouse gas emission savings
percentage of greenhouse gas emission saved by the use of a biofuel or bioliquid as compared to a fossil
fuel comparator
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3.43
group auditing
third-party conformity assessment for a group of similar economic operators, in particular for
smallholder farmers, producer organisations and cooperatives on the basis of sampling
Note 1 to entry: Group auditing for compliance with land related criteria is only acceptable when the areas
concerned are near each other and have similar characteristics.
Note 2 to entry: Group auditing for the purpose of calculating greenhouse gas savings is only acceptable when
the units have similar production systems and products.
3.44
habitat
natural environment that surrounds (influences and is utilized by) a species population
3.45
highly biodiverse natural grassland
grassland that would remain grassland in the absence of human intervention and which maintains the
natural species composition and ecological characteristics and processes
3.46
highly biodiverse non-natural grassland
grassland that would cease to be grassland in the absence of human intervention and which is species-
rich and not degraded, unless evidence is provided that the harvesting of the raw material is necessary
to preserve its grassland status
3.47
indicator
quantitative or qualitative parameter for the assessment of a criterion
3.48
intermediate product
output from a unit process that is input to other unit processes that require further transformation
within the system
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006 [5], 2.23]
3.49
land use
total of arrangements, activities and inputs (a set of human actions) undertaken in a certain land cover
type
Note 1 to entry: The term land use is also used in the sense of the social and economic purposes for which land
is managed (e.g., grazing, timber extraction, and conservation)
3.50
land use change
LUC
change in terms of land cover between the six IPCC land categories (forest land, grass land, crop land,
wetlands, settlements and others land), plus a seventh category consisting of perennial crops including
( tree) crop plantations
Note 1 to entry: The reference date is provided in 2009/28/EC [1].
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from [27].
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SIST EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2020
EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019 (E)
3.51
land with high carbon stock
wetlands; continuously forested areas; land spanning more than one hectare with trees higher than 5 m
and a canopy cover of between 10 % and 30 %, or trees able to reach those thresholds in situ
Note 1 to entry: See also continuously forested area (3.22) and forest (3.35).
3.52
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural r
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