SIST EN 287-1:2011
(Main)Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels
Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels
This European Standard defines the qualification testing of welders for the fusion welding of steels.
It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner/examining body.
When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability to manually manipulate the electrode / welding torch / welding blowpipe and thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.
The welding processes referred to in this standard include those fusion-welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes (see EN 1418).
Prüfung von Schweißern - Schmelzschweißen - Teil 1: Stähle
Diese Europäische Norm definiert die Schweißerprüfung für das Schmelzschweißen von Stählen.
Sie stellt eine Reihe technischer Regeln für systematische Prüfungen von Schweißern auf und ermöglicht so,
dass solche Qualifizierungen unabhängig von der Art des Erzeugnisses, des Ortes und des Prüfers/der
Prüfstelle einheitlich akzeptiert werden.
Wenn Schweißer qualifiziert werden, liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Fähigkeit des Schweißers, den
Elektrodenhalter/die Schweißpistole/den Schweißbrenner so zu handhaben, dass damit eine Schweißung von
zulässiger Qualität erzeugt wird.
Die Schweißprozesse nach dieser Norm schließen nur solche Schmelzschweißprozesse ein, die als
Handschweißen oder teilmechanisches Schweißen bezeichnet werden. Sie schließen nicht die
vollmechanischen und automatischen Schweißprozesse ein (siehe EN 1418).
Epreuve de qualification des soudeurs - Soudage par fusion - Partie 1 : Aciers
La présente Norme européenne définit l’épreuve de qualification des soudeurs pour le soudage par fusion des
aciers.
Elle fournit un ensemble de règles techniques pour l’épreuve de qualification systématique des soudeurs, et
permet à de telles qualifications d’être acceptées uniformément, indépendamment du type de produit, du lieu
et de l’examinateur ou de l’organisme d’examen.
Lors de la qualification des soudeurs, l’accent est porté sur l’aptitude du soudeur à guider manuellement
l’électrode, la torche ou le chalumeau de soudage pour produire une soudure de qualité acceptable.
Les procédés de soudage concernés par la présente norme sont les procédés de soudage par fusion
désignés en tant que, manuels ou semi-automatiques. Elle ne traite pas des procédés de soudage totalement
mécanisés et automatisés (voir l’EN 1418).
Preskušanje varilcev - Talilno varjenje - 1. del: Jekla
Ta evropski standard določa preskus kvalifikacij varilcev za talilno varjenje jekel.
Podaja nabor tehničnih pravil za sistematično preskušanje kvalifikacij varilca in omogoča, da so tovrstne kvalifikacije enotno sprejete, neodvisno od tipa izdelka, lokacije in preglednika/organa za preverjanje.
Pri kvalifikaciji varilcev je poudarek na varilčevi sposobnosti ročnega upravljanja elektrode/varilnega gorilnika/varilnega pihalnika, da proizvede zvar sprejemljive kakovosti.
Postopki varjenja, navedeni v tem standardu, vključujejo talilne postopke varjenja, ki so opredeljeni kot ročno ali delno mehanizirano varjenje. Ne zajema popolnoma mehaniziranih in avtomatiziranih postopkov varjenja (glej EN 1418).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Preskušanje varilcev - Talilno varjenje - 1. del: JeklaPrüfung von Schweißern - Schmelzschweißen - Teil 1: StähleEpreuve de qualification des soudeurs - Soudage par fusion - Partie 1 : AciersQualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels25.160.01Varjenje, trdo in mehko spajkanje na splošnoWelding, brazing and soldering in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 287-1:2011SIST EN 287-1:2011en,fr,de01-november-2011SIST EN 287-1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 287-1:2004/AC:2004SIST EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006SIST EN 287-1:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 287-1:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 287-1
July 2011 ICS 25.160.01 Supersedes EN 287-1:2004English Version
Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels
Epreuve de qualification des soudeurs - Soudage par fusion - Partie 1 : Aciers
Prüfung von Schweißern - Schmelzschweißen - Teil 1: Stähle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 June 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 287-1:2011: ESIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms and definitions .64 Reference numbers, symbols and abbreviated terms .84.1 General .84.2 Reference numbers of welding processes .84.3 Symbols and abbreviations .94.3.1 For test pieces .94.3.2 For consumables .94.3.3 For other weld details . 104.3.4 For bend tests . 105 Essential variables and range of qualification . 115.1 General . 115.2 Welding processes . 115.3 Product type . 125.4 Type of weld . 125.5 Material groups . 135.5.1 Steel groups of parent material . 135.5.2 Range of qualification . 135.6 Filler materials . 145.7 Dimensions . 155.8 Welding positions . 165.9 Weld details . 176 Examination and testing . 186.1 Examination . 186.2 Test pieces . 186.3 Welding conditions . 216.4 Test methods . 216.5 Test piece and test specimen . 226.5.1 General . 226.5.2 Butt weld in plate and pipe . 226.5.3 Fillet weld on plate . 236.5.4 Fillet weld on pipe . 266.6 Test record . 267 Acceptance requirements for test pieces . 278 Re-tests . 279 Period of validity . 279.1 Initial qualification . 279.2 Confirmation of the validity . 279.3 Prolongation of qualification . 2810 Certificate . 2811 Designation . 28Annex A (informative)
Welder's qualification test certificate . 30Annex B (informative)
Designation examples . 31SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 3 B.1 Example 1 . 31B.2 Example 2 . 31B.3 Example 3 . 32B.4 Example 4 . 32B.5 Example 5 . 33B.6 Example 6 . 33B.7 Example 7 . 34Annex C (informative)
Job knowledge . 35C.1 General . 35C.2 Requirements . 35C.2.1 Welding equipment . 35C.2.2 Welding process
................................................................................................................................. 36C.2.3 Parent metals ....................................................................................................................................... 36C.2.4 Welding consumables ......................................................................................................................... 36C.2.5 Safety precautions .............................................................................................................................. 37C.2.6 Welding sequences/procedures ........................................................................................................ 37C.2.7 Joint preparation and weld representation....................................................................................... 37C.2.8 Weld imperfections ............................................................................................................................. 37C.2.9 Welder qualification ............................................................................................................................ 38Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EC Directive 97/23/EC . 39Bibliography . 40 SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 287-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 287-1:2004. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 5 Introduction The ability of a welder to follow verbal or written instructions and verification of a person's skills is an important factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product. The testing of a welder's skill in accordance with this standard depends on welding techniques and conditions used in which uniform rules are complied with and standard test pieces are used. The principle of this standard is that a qualification test qualifies the welder not only for the conditions used in the test, but also for all joints which are considered easier to weld on the presumption that the welder has received a specific training and/or has industrial practice within the range of qualification. The qualification test can be used to qualify a welding procedure and a welder provided that all the relevant requirements, e.g. test piece dimensions and testing requirements are satisfied (see EN ISO 15614-1). At the end of its period of validity, the existing and valid qualification testing of welders in accordance with the requirement of the previous edition of this standard may be revalidated according to the previous edition. Alternatively, the range of qualification may be updated in accordance with this edition. All new qualifications and re-qualifications shall be in accordance with this edition.
SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard defines the qualification testing of welders for the fusion welding of steels. It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner/examining body. When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welder's ability to manually manipulate the electrode / welding torch / welding blowpipe and thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality. The welding processes referred to in this standard include those fusion-welding processes which are designated as manual or partly mechanized welding. It does not cover fully mechanized and automated welding processes (see EN 1418). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1320:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Fracture test EN 1435:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints EN ISO 4063:2009, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:2009) EN ISO 5173:2010, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests (ISO 5173:2009) EN ISO 5817:2007, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003, corrected version:2005, including Technical Corrigendum 1:2006) EN ISO 6947, Welding and allied processes – Welding positions (ISO 6947:2011) CEN ISO/TR 15608, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2005) EN ISO 15609-1:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2004) EN ISO 15609-2:2001, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 2: Gas welding (ISO 15609-2:2001) EN ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637:2003) ISO 857-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: Metal welding processes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 welder person who holds and manipulates the electrode holder, welding torch or blowpipe by hand SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 7 [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.2 manufacturer person or organization that is responsible for the welding production [EN ISO 15607:2003] 3.3 examiner qualified person who has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard NOTE In certain cases, an external independent examiner can be required. 3.4 examining body organization that has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard NOTE In certain cases, an external independent examining body can be required. [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.5 material backing backing using material for the purpose of supporting molten weld metal 3.6 layer stratum of weld metal consisting of one or more runs [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.7 root run in multi layer welding, the run(s) of the first layer deposited in the root [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.8 filling run in multi layer welding, the run(s) deposited after the root run(s) and before the capping run(s) [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.9 capping run in multi layer welding, the run(s) visible on the weld face(s) after completion of welding [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.10 deposited thickness thickness of the weld metal excluding any reinforcement [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.11 leftward welding gas welding technique in which the filler rod is moved ahead of the blow pipe in relation to the welding direction SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 8 [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.12 rightward welding gas welding technique in which the filler rod is moved behind the blow pipe in relation to the welding direction [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.13 branch connection joint of one or two tubular parts at an angle of less than 180° 3.14 fillet weld triangular weld in a square preparation for making a T-joint, corner joint or lap joint [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.15 verification confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled [ISO 9000:2005] 3.16 filler material welding consumable added during welding to form the weld [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 3.17 butt weld weld other than a fillet weld (3.14) made in a groove or in a square preparation [ISO/TR 25901:2007] 4 Reference numbers, symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 General The following abbreviations and reference numbers shall be used when completing the welder's qualification test certificate (see Annex A). 4.2 Reference numbers of welding processes This standard covers the following manual or partly mechanized welding processes (reference numbers of welding processes for symbolic representation are listed in EN ISO 4063:2009): 111
manual metal arc welding; 114
self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding; 121
submerged arc welding with solid wire electrode (partly mechanized); 125
submerged arc welding with tubular cored electrode (partly mechanized); 131
MIG welding with solid wire electrode; SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 9 135
MAG welding with solid wire electrode; 136
MAG welding with flux cored electrode; 138
MAG welding with metal cored electrode; 141
TIG welding with solid filler material; 142
Autogenous TIG welding; 143
TIG welding with tubular cored filler material; 145
TIG welding using reducing gas and solid filler material; 15
plasma arc welding; 311
oxy-acetylene welding. NOTE The principles of this standard can be applied to other fusion welding processes. 4.3 Symbols and abbreviations 4.3.1 For test pieces BW
butt weld D
outside pipe diameter FW
fillet weld l1
length of test piece l2
half width of test piece lf
examination length P
plate ReH
yield strength s1
deposited thickness of weld metal for welding process 1 s2
deposited thickness of weld metal for welding process 2 t
material thickness of test piece (plate or wall thickness) T
pipe 1) 4.3.2 For consumables nm
no filler metal A
acid covering
1) The word "pipe" alone or in combination, is used to mean "pipe", "tube" or "hollow section". SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 10 B
basic covering or electrode core - basic C
cellulosic covering M
electrode core - metal powder P
electrode core - rutile, fast freezing slag R
rutile covering or electrode core – rutile, slow freezing slag RA
rutile-acid covering RB
rutile-basic covering RC
rutile-cellulosic covering RR
rutile-thick covering S
solid wire/rod V
electrode core - rutile or basic / fluoride W
electrode core - basic / fluoride, slow freezing slag Y
electrode core - basic / fluoride, fast freezing slag Z
electrode core - other types 4.3.3 For other weld details bs
welding from both sides lw
leftward welding mb
welding with backing ml
multi layer nb
welding without backing rw
rightward welding sl
single layer
ss
single-side welding 4.3.4 For bend tests A
minimum tensile elongation required by the material specification d
diameter of the former or the inner roller ts
thickness of the bend test specimen SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 11 5 Essential variables and range of qualification 5.1 General The qualification of welders is based on essential variables. For each essential variable a range of qualification is defined. All test pieces shall be welded using the essential variables independently, except for 5.7 and 5.8. If the welder has to weld outside the range of qualification a new qualification test is required. The essential variables are: welding process(es); product type (plate and pipe); type of weld (butt and fillet); material group; filler material; dimension (material thickness and outside pipe diameter); welding position; weld detail (backing, single side welding, both side welding, single layer, multi layer, leftward welding, rightward welding). 5.2 Welding processes Welding processes are defined in ISO 857-1 and listed in 4.2. Each qualification test normally qualifies only one welding process. A change of welding process requires a new qualification test. Exceptions are as follows: a change from solid wire electrode 135 to a metal cored electrode 138 or vice versa does not require requalification. (see Table 4); welding with 141, 143 or 145 qualifies for 141, 142, 143 and 145 but 142 only qualifies for 142. However, it is permitted for a welder to be qualified for two or more welding processes by welding a single test piece (multi process joint) or by two or more separate qualification tests. The ranges of qualification concerning the deposited thickness of weld metal for each welding process used and for the multi process joint for butt welds are given in Table 1 (see also Table 5). SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 12 Table 1 — Thickness range for single and multi process joints for butt welds Welding process used for the test piece Thickness range qualified Single process jointMulti process joint
Key 1 Welding process 1 (nb) 2 Welding process 2 (mb) according to Table 5 for welding process 1: t = s1 for welding process 2: t = s2 according to Table 5 with t = s1 + s2
Key 1 Welding process 1 according to Table 5 for welding process 1: t =
s1 for welding process 2: t = s2 according to Table 5 t = s1 + s2 welding process 1 only for welding of the root area
Key 2 Welding process 2 3 Welding with backing (mb) 4 Welding without backing (nb)
5.3 Product type The qualification test shall be carried out on plate or pipe. The following criteria are applicable: a) Test piece welds with outside pipe diameter D > 25 mm cover welds in plates; b) Test piece welds in plates cover welds in pipes of outside pipe diameter D ≥ 150 mm, for welding positions PA, PB and PC, according to range of qualification of Table8; c) Test piece welds in plates cover welds in pipe of outside pipe diameter D ≥ 500 mm for all other welding positions. 5.4 Type of weld The qualification test shall be carried out as butt or fillet weld. The following criteria are applicable: a) butt welds cover butt welds in any type of joint except branch connections (see also 5.4 d)); b) butt welds do not qualify fillet welds or vice versa; SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 13 c) when a welder is qualified by butt weld test, a supplementary fillet weld test piece can be welded which shall be in a plate thickness of at least 10 mm and completed using a single layer in the PB position. For this supplementary test the welder shall become qualified for all fillet welds as given for the butt weld qualifications; d) butt welds in pipes qualify branch connections with an angle ≥ 60° and the same range of qualification as in Tables 1 to 8. For a branch weld the range of qualification is based on the outside pipe diameter of the branch; e) for applications where the type of weld cannot be qualified by means of either a butt or fillet weld test then a specific test piece should be used to qualify the welder, e.g. branch connection. 5.5 Material groups 5.5.1 Steel groups of parent material In order to reduce the number of qualification tests, materials with similar welding characteristics are grouped according to CEN ISO/TR 15608. NOTE Examples of parent material in accordance with the grouping system in CEN ISO/TR 15608 are given in
CEN ISO/TR 20172, CEN ISO/TR 20173 and CEN ISO/TR 20174. 5.5.2 Range of qualification The welding of any one metal in a material group covers qualification on the welder for the welding of all other metal within the same material group as well as other material groups according to Table 2. When welding parent materials outside the grouping system, a separate qualification test is required. Qualification of dissimilar metal joints: When using filler metals from the material group 8 or 10 (see Table 2), all combinations with the material group 8 or 10 to other material groups are covered. A qualification test made on wrought material groups gives qualification for cast material and a mixture of cast and wrought material in the same material group. SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 14 Table 2 — Range of qualification for parent metal Material group a
of the test piece Range of qualification 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
9.1 9.2 + 9.3
1.1, 1.2, 1.4 × – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.3 × × × × – – – – – × – – × 2 × × × × – – – – – × – – × 3 × × × × – – – – – × – – × 4 × × × × × × × × – × – – × 5 × × × × × × × × – × – – × 6 × × × × × × × × – × – – × 7 × × × × × × × × – × – – × 8 – – – – – – – – × – × × – 9 9.1 × × × × – – – – – × – – × 9.2 + 9.3 × – – – – – – – – – × – – 10 – – – – – – – – × – × × – 11 × × – – – – – – – – – – × a Material group according to CEN ISO/TR 15608. Key × indicates those material groups for which the welder is qualified. – indicates those material groups for which the welder is not qualified.
5.6 Filler materials Welding with filler material qualifies for welding without filler material, but not vice versa. The ranges of qualification for filler materials are given in Tables 3 and 4. Table 3 — Range of qualification for covered electrodes a, b Electrode used in the test
Range of qualification A, RA, RB, RC, RR, R B C A, RA, RB, RC, RR, R × – – B × × – C – – × a Abbreviations, see 4.3.2. b The type of core used in the qualification test of welders for root run welding without backing (ss nb) is the type of
core qualified for root run welding in production. Key ×
indicates those covered electrodes for which the welder is qualified. –
indicates those covered electrodes for which the welder is not qualified.
SIST EN 287-1:2011
EN 287-1:2011 (E) 15 Table 4 — Range of qualification for wire electrodes a, b Wire electrodes used in the test piece Range of qualification Solid (S) Metal cored (M) Flux cored (B) Flux cored (R, P, V, W, Y, Z) Solid (S) × × – – Metal cored (M) × × – – Flux cored (B) – – × × Flux cored
(R, P, V, W, Y, Z) – – – × a Abbreviations, see 4.3.2. b The type of core used in the qualification test of welders for root run welding without backing (ss nb) is the type of
core qualified for root run welding in production. Key ×
indica
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