ISO/TC 172 - Optics and photonics

This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to hand-held or hand-operated laser processing machines (HLMs), when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. HLM is the machine, as defined in ISO 11553-1:2020, 3.7, in which laser radiation is generated, where the laser provides sufficient energy/power to cause a phase transition in a part of the workpiece and where the laser output or workpiece to be processed is guided manually or hand-held during the laser material processing. This document defines general design requirements of HLM. HLM includes the laser device, beam-guiding device (e.g. mirror, fibre, lenses), beam-shaping device (e.g. telescope, focusing), and controls. The laser assembly as an integral part of the HLM or only the laser processing head is hand-held or hand-operated during the laser material processing. This document does not apply to laser processing machines which are remotely controlled by a manual controller (hand-operated controller), such as joy sticks, keyboard, etc., without touching a workpiece or a part mechanically connected with the laser material processing head by using the hand(s) of the operator (user) to laser processing machines without a drive system which may not belong to machinery. And the laser processing apparatus without moving parts, which may not be considered as machinery in “Type C standard”. to medical or cosmetic applications for the treatment of living human or animal tissue; to weapon applications, (e.g. such as with regard to military applications, direct close combat.) NOTE “hand-operated laser processing machine” is synonymous with “hand-guided laser processing machine” in this document. Hand-operated laser processing machines often use manual force reduction means such as wheels, supports, etc., for manual positioning of the laser processing heads or the workpieces. It is applicable to HLMs using laser radiation to process materials. The purpose of this document is to draw attention to the hazards related to HLMs and to prevent personal injury. Depending on the application and the location/operating conditions of HLMs, a number of different significant hazards can arise. This document describes both the areas of hazards analysis and risk assessment as well as protective measures. Requirements dealing with noise as a hazard are covered by ISO 11553-3:2013. This document does not apply to laser products or equipment manufactured solely or expressly for applications which are excluded from the Scope of ISO 11553-1:2020. This document is not applicable for HLMs which have been manufactured before the date of publication of this standard. HLMs include the following types: HLMs which are designed as all-in-one laser assembly including the beam delivery/forming(shaping) system and optional features such as gas nozzles, material (e.g. powder, wire) feed system; HLMs where the relevant devices are connected by a beam guidance system (e.g. optical fibre) and power/control cables to an external laser assembly device and which includes only the beam delivery/forming(shaping) system and optional features such as gas nozzles, material (e.g. powder, wire) feed system; laser processing machines where the workpiece is manually moved under/relative to the laser beam (see informative Annex A). The intended use of HLMs covers both: movement of elements or workpieces by hand to be processed under/relatively to stationary laser beams as shielded , and movement of the laser processing head (beam shaping device) by hand to move laser beam(s) over or relative to elements or workpieces to be processed. Laser processing machines, where laser processing is performed with hand-held or hand-operated workpieces outside the fixed (neither hand-held nor hand-operated by the operator or user) laser processing machines are out of the scope of this document. Su

This document specifies procedures and techniques for obtaining comparable values for the absorptance of optical laser components.

This document specifies methods by which the measurement of irradiance (fluence) distribution is made and specifies parameters for the characterization of the spatial properties of laser irradiance (fluence) distribution functions at a given plane. The methods given in this document are intended to be used for the testing and characterization of both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed laser beams used in optics and optical instruments. This document provides definitions of terms and symbols to be used in referring to irradiance distribution, as well as requirements for its measurement. For pulsed lasers, the distribution of time-integrated irradiance (i.e. radiant exposure) is the quantity most often measured.

This document defines basic terms, symbols and units of measurement for the field of laser technology in order to unify the terminology, and to arrive at clear definitions and reproducible tests of beam parameters and laser-oriented product properties. NOTE The laser hierarchical vocabulary laid down in this document differs from that given in IEC 60825–1. ISO and IEC have discussed this difference and agree that it reflects the different purposes for which the two standards serve. For more details, see informative Annex A.

This document specifies optical and non-optical requirements and the test methods for anti-reflective and hydrophobic properties of coatings on spectacle lenses. This document does not apply to the following topics: requirements and test methods incorporated in other ISO 8980 series standards; the colour of the reflected light.

This document applies to the interpretation of data relating to the measurement of the surface form deviations of optical elements or the wavefront deformations of optical systems. Often the measurement data are generated by using interferometric techniques, but other measurement techniques also generate measurement data to describe the surface form deviations or wavefront deformations. This document gives definitions of the optical functions and values specified in the preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems, made in accordance with ISO 10110-5 and/or ISO 10110-14 for which the corresponding nomenclature, functions, and values are listed in ISO 10110-5:2026, Annex B.

This document specifies rules for indicating the tolerance for surface form deviation, in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. NOTE The terminology of interferometry employing the unit “fringe spacings” is widely used for the specification of tolerances. However, the usage of non-interferometric methods for testing of optical parts has recently become more important. Therefore, unlike in the earlier versions of this document, nanometres are now the preferred and standard unit to express surface form deviations. The usage of fringe spacings is still permitted, provided that the base wavelength is explicitly stated. This document applies to surfaces of plano, spherical, aspheric, cylindric, and toric form as well as to surfaces of other non-spherical shape such as generally described surfaces. It also applies to the substrates of diffractive surfaces; for transmitted or reflected wavefront specifications see ISO 10110-16 and ISO 10110-14.

This document defines terms relating to geodetic and surveying instruments, such as distance meters, levels, theodolites, GNSS, total stations, laser scanners, airborne sensors and others, and their essential components and accessories which are used in measuring operations, such as land surveying, topographic surveying, construction surveying and engineering geodesy.

This document specifies requirements for the optical and geometrical properties of semi-finished blanks.

This document contains definitions of terms related to intraocular lenses as well as definitions related to the methods used to evaluate these IOLs. NOTE The terms are listed in the alphabetical order of the English terms.

This document specifies the labelling requirements for intraocular lenses (IOLs) and the information to be provided within or on the packaging. NOTE This document attempts to harmonize the recognized labelling requirements for IOLs throughout the world. However, there can be additional national requirements.

This document specifies the general procedures of the powder test method for the water resistance of optical glass.

This document specifies test procedures for determining the stability of contact lenses once they are placed in their final packaging during storage and distribution. NOTE The results obtained can be used for determining the expiry date.

This document provides general procedures for the selection of methods, preparation of samples, and the conduct of testing for the uptake and release of preservatives from contact lenses. Preservative uptake and release testing is not intended as a routine test of production contact lenses or contact lens care products nor are testing results meant to establish finished goods specifications in any way. Such testing is carried out when developing new contact lens materials and/or contact lens care products. NOTE 1 Due to the manifest difficulties of reproducibility when coating contact lenses with mineral and organic deposits encountered during lens wear, these methods are only applicable to new and unused contact lenses. NOTE 2 Preservative depletion by a contact lens in the limited volume of a lens case could compromise disinfection performance. This document does not measure disinfection performance.

This document gives general guidance on evaluating the sources of error in optical transfer function (OTF) equipment and in using this information to estimate errors in a measurement of OTF. It also gives guidance on assessing and specifying a general uncertainty for a specific measuring equipment, as well as recommending methods of routine assessment. The main body of this document deals exclusively with the modulation transfer function (MTF) part of the OTF. The phase transfer function (PTF) is dealt with relatively briefly in Annex A.

This document specifies a method for testing the resistance of raw optical glasses to attack by aqueous alkaline phosphate-containing detergent solutions (phosphate solutions) at 50 °C and a classification of optical glasses according to the aqueous alkaline phosphate-containing detergent resistance (phosphate resistance) determined by this method. This document is applicable to samples of raw optical glasses.

This document defines terms used in conjunction with, and the general principles of, test methods for determining the laser-induced damage threshold and for the assurance of optical laser components subjected to laser radiation.

This document specifies a field procedure for the verification that a given Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based system and measurement procedure meets a required measurement uncertainty at the location and time of interest. The field procedure uses three-dimensional coordinates which are compared to reference coordinates. It is designed to be applicable to the technically versatile geodetic and surveying GNSS systems on the market and can be used for any kind of GNSS-based applications to determine coordinates. It is independent of the technology used in the GNSS measuring instrument, the satellite data streams, and any correction data used. The procedure is applicable to GNSS instruments under operating condition in the field in such a way that the main parameters affecting the determination of coordinates are included in the result of the test. This document defines several delimitation criteria, which allows for versatile applicability. As a result, the verification procedure can be regularly performed in the field with limited economic impact.

This document specifies the measurement method used for calculating the temperature coefficient of the refractive index by measuring the refractive index, which changes with the temperature of the optical glass using the minimum deviation method. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is –40 °C to +80 °C. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is 1 × 10-6 K-1.

This document specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision (repeatability) of rotating lasers, the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic instruments and their ancillary equipment, particularly when used in building and surveying measurements for levelling tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. This document can be considered as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of parameters. Therefore, this document differentiates between various quality measures and testing objectives, including repeatability and reproducibility (between-day repeatability), and provides a thorough assessment of all potential error sources, as specified by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 17123-1. These field procedures have been developed specifically for in situ applications without the need for special ancillary equipment and are purposefully designed to minimize atmospheric influences.

This document specifies the minimum information to be provided to the user by the manufacturers of microscopes with digital displays regarding imaging performance. It further specifies terms and definitions for describing the optical performance of the digital imaging path of microscopy systems including the observation of the image on digital displays. This standard does not apply to confocal microscopes. NOTE Terms and definitions for the direct visual observation with eyepieces are specified in ISO 8039 and ISO 10934.

This document gives requirements and guidelines for the clinical investigation (CI) to establish the safety and performance of contact lenses and contact lens care products. NOTE 1 This document attempts to align the recognised regulatory requirements for the conduct of a CI to meet the marketing and labelling requirements for contact lenses and contact lens care products around the world. However, national requirements vary greatly. Wherever national practice or regulations dictate some legal requirement, this requirement takes precedence over this document. NOTE 2 For indications beyond correction of refractive error, additional considerations for safety and performance are to be included in the clinical investigation plan (CIP).

This document defines requirements with regards to safety for the intended performance, design attributes, preclinical and clinical evaluation, sterilization, product packaging, product labelling, and the information supplied by the manufacturer. This document applies to ophthalmic irrigating solutions (OIS), used during ophthalmic surgery. These solutions do not provide any primary immunological, pharmacological, or metabolic function.

This document gives requirements for general and high purpose binoculars, monoculars and spotting scopes.

This document specifies test methods for determining the radiant power and radiant energy of continuous wave and pulsed laser beams, as well as their temporal characteristics of pulse shape, pulse duration and pulse repetition rate. Test and evaluation methods are also given for the radiant power stability of cw-lasers, radiant energy stability of pulsed lasers and pulse duration stability. The test methods given in this document are used for the testing and characterization of lasers.

This document specifies the rules for indicating centring and tilt tolerances for optical elements, subassemblies, and assemblies in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. This document applies to plano surfaces, rotationally invariant (spherical and aspherical) surfaces, circular and non-circular cylindrical (cylindrical and acylindrical) surfaces, and non-symmetrical surfaces (general surfaces). General surfaces are described using ISO 10110-19.

This document applies to anomaloscopes used to examine red-green-colour vision by investigating the colour match of a mixture of red and green compared with yellow, known as the “Rayleigh equation”. This document specifies the requirements for optical and technical parameters, which are of physiological relevance to ensure that the measured values on the eye of the examinee are independent of the technical characteristics of the anomaloscope used.

This document specifies the principle, apparatus, condition, sample, procedure and data processing of measuring striae in infrared optical materials. It is applicable for the determination of striae in infrared optical materials, such as infrared optical glass, which is opaque to visible wavelengths and whose transmission optical spectra are beyond 0,78 µm.

This document specifies terms and definitions to be used in the field of light microscopy and advanced techniques in light microscopy.

This document specifies fundamental requirements for uncut finished spectacle lenses. This document is not applicable to protective spectacle lenses. This document takes precedence over the corresponding requirements of other standards, if differences exist.

This document specifies the default (implicit) tolerances for indication in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems.

This document gives definitions of terms and requirements for endoscopes and endotherapy devices used in the practice of medicine.

This document gives general guidance for the construction and use of equipment for measurement of the optical transfer function (OTF) of imaging systems. This document specifies important factors that can influence the measurement of the OTF and gives general rules for equipment performance requirements and environmental controls. It specifies important precautions that should be taken to ensure accurate measurements and correction factors to be applied to the collected data. The OTF measuring equipment described in this document is restricted to that which analyses the radiation distribution in the image plane of the optical imaging system under test. Interferometer-based instruments are outside the scope of this document.

This document specifies fundamental requirements for optical radiation safety for ophthalmic instruments and is applicable to all ophthalmic instruments that direct optical radiation into or at the eye. It is also applicable to all new and emerging ophthalmic instruments that direct optical radiation into or at the eye, as well as to those portions of therapeutic or surgical systems that direct optical radiation into or at the eye for diagnostic, illumination, measurement, imaging or alignment purposes. NOTE For the purpose of this document, optical radiation relates to the wavelength range of 250 nm to 2 500 nm. This document does not apply to therapeutic radiation. However, in the case of the treatment beams of therapeutic devices, when conducting risk assessments for non-target tissues, the limits given in this document may be applied to those parts of the treatment beam that strike non-target tissue. Where vertical (instrument-specific) International Standards contain specific light hazard requirements different from those given in ISO 15004-2, then those in the vertical International Standard take precedence. This document classifies ophthalmic instruments into either Group 1 or Group 2 to distinguish instruments that are non-hazardous from those that are potentially hazardous.

This document specifies a test method to be used in evaluating the antimicrobial activity of products for contact lens disinfection by chemical methods using the trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba species as the challenge organism. This document is not applicable to the evaluation of oxidative systems that require a special lens case for use.

This document specifies reference wavelengths to be used for the characterization of optical materials, optical systems and instruments, and ophthalmic lenses. It defines the associated principal refractive indices and principal dispersions, as well as the Abbe numbers with regard to these reference wavelengths and principal dispersions.

This document specifies methods by which the spectral characteristics such as wavelength, bandwidth, spectral distribution and wavelength stability of a laser beam can be measured. This document is applicable to both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed laser beams. The dependence of the spectral characteristics of a laser on its operating conditions may also be important.

This document specifies fundamental requirements and their test methods for unglazed spectacle frames designed for use with prescription lenses. It is applicable to spectacle frames at the point of sale by the manufacturer or supplier to the retailer. This document is applicable to: — all mass-produced spectacle frame types, including rimless mounts, semi-rimless mounts and folding spectacle frames; — spectacle frames made with additive manufacturing, for example, 3D printing; — spectacle frames made from natural organic materials; — the frame or mount of clip-ons designed specifically for attachment to particular models of spectacle frame, but not to their lenses or filters to which ISO 16034 or ISO 12312-1 apply; — prescription inserts designed for attachment to particular models of, for example, eye protector, sunglass or diving mask. Parts of this document are applicable to custom-made frames – see 3.1.3 and Table 1. NOTE See Annex A for recommendations on the design of spectacle frames and terms to be used when describing metal frames. This document is not applicable to spectacle frames used in eye protection, where ISO 16321-1 applies, or to sunglasses with afocal filters, where ISO 12312-1 applies.

This document specifies methods for testing optical properties, other than wavefront aberrations[1] of microlenses in microlens arrays. It is applicable to microlens arrays with very small lenses formed on one or more surfaces of a common substrate and to graded-index microlenses.

This document specifies methods for testing geometrical properties of microlenses in microlens arrays. It is applicable to microlens arrays with very small lenses formed on one or more surfaces of a common substrate and to graded-index microlenses.

This document specifies methods for testing wavefront aberrations for microlenses within microlens arrays. It is applicable to microlens arrays with very small lenses formed inside or on one or more surfaces of a common substrate.

This document is applicable to optical coherence tomography (OCT) instruments, systems, and methods that are intended to image and measure the biological tissue of the posterior segment of the human eye. This document specifies characteristics and minimum requirements for OCT instruments and systems. It specifies type tests and procedures to verify that a system or instrument qualifies as an OCT instrument or system in accordance with this document. NOTE In this document the term OCT refers to ophthalmic applications.

This document describes the methods currently used in applying tolerances to the focal powers of spectacle lenses and methods that can be considered for adoption in the future; it also describes methods of measuring the prism imbalance (relative prism error) between the lenses of a mounted pair. The results of a 2014 survey of manufacturing capability for lens power and a 2018 international web survey are discussed, as are possible new methods for applying tolerances to the focal power of spectacle lenses.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for certain optical properties of intraocular lenses (IOLs) with monofocal, toric, simultaneous vision, and/or accommodative optics. The generic descriptor ‘IOL’ used throughout this document also includes phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL).

This document is applicable to the three-dimensional aspects of spectacle lenses and their mounting in frames. It gives possible details of how these aspects can be taken into account, particularly for lenses with their permanent reference engravings (markings) on their back surface.

This document specifies proposals for the tolerances and methods for measuring the base and add power of refractive/symmetric multifocal contact lenses. This document is not intended to measure current production lenses (or similar) and does not include measurement of diffractive multifocal contact lenses nor the measurement of distance (or label) power. This document is intended to obtain additional feedback from clinicians, manufacturers, and health authorities on the proposals for tolerances and test methods. This document is not intended to be used in any quality system or by any governing body to control the manufacturing or acceptance of contact lenses.

This document defines chalcogenide glass correctly from a chemical perspective and specifies basic characterization and reporting of optical properties of chalcogenide glass used in the infrared spectral range from 0,78 um to 25 um

This document specifies the use of the marking on objectives for polarization microscopes and defines measurands and measurement procedures of polarization characteristics of the objectives for qualitative polarization imaging. These measurements are defined on the image plane of the objective lens. This marking is consistent with ISO 8578. NOTE This document does not apply to objectives exclusively used on stereomicroscopes.

This document specifies a test method for the temperature coefficient of refractive index of optical glass using interferometry. Temperature changes in optical glass lead to changes in the optical path length. The change in optical path length can be measured with an interferometer using the number of cycles of light/dark change of the interference stripe. This document defines a test method to measure the amount of change in the refractive index when the temperature of the specimen is changed continuously. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is an arbitrary range. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is within 1 × 10-6 K-1.