EN 12195-3:2001
(Main)Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 3: Lashing chains
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 3: Lashing chains
This Part of EN 12195 specifies safety requirements for lashing chains and lashing combinations with chain for the safe surface transport of goods on load carriers, e.g. trucks and trailers which are used on roads or located on vessels or on rail waggons and/or combinations thereof. The standard includes only tensioning devices to be hand driven with a maximum handforce of 500 N. It does not give requirements for multi-purpose lover blocks other than to the type of fine calibrated chain and the additional marking of the maximum hand-operating force.
This part of EN 12195 deals with hazards which could occur when lashing chains are in use as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4 and Annex A).
Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Zurrketten
Anwendungsbereich
Dieser Teil von EN 12195 legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen fest für Zurrketten und Zurrkombinationen mit Ketten zum sicheren Transport von Lasten auf Straßenfahrzeugen, z. B. auf Lastwagen und Anhängern, die sich sowohl auf Stra-ßen, auf Schiffen als auch auf der Bahn und/oder in ent-sprechender Kom-bina-tion befinden können.
Die Norm schließt nur handbetriebene Spannelemente ein mit einer maximalen Handzugkraft von 500 N. Die Norm enthält keine Anforderungen für Mehrzweck-Ratschzüge, außer derjenigen für den Typ der feintolerierten Kette und der zusätzlichen Kennzeichnung der Handzugkraft.
Dieser Teil von EN 12195 behandelt Gefährdungen, die bei der bestimmungsgemäßen Anwendung von Zurrketten, wie vom Hersteller vorgesehen, auftreten können (siehe Abschnitt 4 und Anhang A).
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges à bord des véhicules routiers - Sécurité - Partie 3: Chaînes d'amarrage
Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'EN 12195 spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité relatives aux chaînes d'amarrage et aux combinaisons d'amarrage à chaînes destinées au transport de surface et en toute sécurité de marchandises par véhicules, par exemple, camions et remorques, soit par route ou à bord de navire rouliers, ou par chemin de fer et/ou combinaison de ces divers modes de transport.
La présente partie de l'EN 12195 traite des phénomènes dangereux qui pourraient se produire lors de l'utilisation telle qu'elle est prévue des chaînes d'amarrage dans les conditions prévues par le fabricant (voir article 4 et annexe A).
Naprave za varovanje tovora na cestnih vozilih - Varnost - 3. del: Zategovalne verige
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2001
Naprave za varovanje tovora na cestnih vozilih - Varnost - 3. del: Zategovalne
verige
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 3: Lashing chains
Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Zurrketten
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges a bord des véhicules routiers - Sécurité - Partie 3:
Chaînes d'amarrage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12195-3:2001
ICS:
53.080 6NODGLãþQDRSUHPD Storage equipment
55.180.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
distribucijo blaga s prevozom freight distribution of goods
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12195-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2001
ICS 53.080; 55.180.99
English version
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 3:
Lashing chains
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges à bord des véhicules Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen -
routiers - Sécurité - Partie 3: Chaînes d'amarrage Sicherheit - Teil 3: Zurrketten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 January 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12195-3:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Page 2
Contents
Page
Foreword. 2
Introduction . 3
1 Scope. 3
2 Normative references . 3
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Hazards. 7
5 Safety requirements . 7
6 Verification of safety requirements. 9
7 Instructions for use . 10
8 Marking . 10
9 Manufacturer's certificate . 11
Annex A (normative) Hazards. 12
Annex B (normative) Specification for information for use and maintenance
to be provided by the manufacturer. 14
Bibliography . 16
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 "Chains, ropes, webbing, slings
and accessories - Safety", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2001.
The annexes A and B are normative.
The Parts of EN 12195 – Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles are:
Part 1: Calculation of lashing forces
Part 2: Web lashings made from man-made fibres
Part 3: Lashing chains
Part 4: Wire lashing ropes
This is the first edition of this Part of EN 12195.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Page 3
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety
requirements on lashing chains in the Common European Market and thus enabling the free movement of goods.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition lashing chains for
securing of loads on vehicles should conform as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this
Standard.
1 Scope
This Part of EN 12195 specifies safety requirements for lashing chains and lashing combinations with chain for the
safe surface transport of goods on load carriers, e.g. trucks and trailers which are used on roads or located on vessels
or on rail waggons and/or combinations thereof. The standard includes only tensioning devices to be hand driven with
a maximum handforce of 500 N. It does not give requirements for multi-purpose lever blocks other than to the type of
fine tolerance chain and the additional marking of the maximum hand-operating force .
This Part of EN 12195 deals with hazards which could occur when lashing chains are in use as intended and under
conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4 and Annex A).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-1:1991
Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology
EN 292-2:1991
Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 2: Technical principles and specifications
EN 818-1:1996
Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 1: General conditions of acceptance
EN 818-2:1996
Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings – Grade 8
prEN 818-7:1998
Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 7: Fine tolerance chain for hoists, Grade T (Types T, DAT and DT)
EN 1677-1
Components for slings – Safety – Part 1: Forged steel components, Grade 8
EN 1677-2
Components for slings – Safety – Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8
EN 1677-4
Components for slings – Safety – Part 4: Links, Grade 8
prEN 12195-1:2000
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles – Safety – Part 1: Calculation of lashing forces
prEN 13157:1998
Cranes – Safety - Hand powered cranes
Page 4
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Part of EN 12195 the following terms and definitions apply.
Examples are given in Figure 1.
3.1
load restraint assembly
systems and devices for the securing of loads [prEN 12195-1:2000].
3.2
lashing equipment
device designed to be attached to the lashing points in order to secure the cargo on a load carrier. The lashing
equipment consists of tensioning elements (e.g. webbing, chain, wire rope), tensioning devices (e.g. wrench, ratchet,
spanner, tension jack) and connecting components, if required (e.g. hook, terminal link).
3.3
lashing chain
device for securing the load, consisting of a tensioning device and a chain with or without connecting components.
3.4
connection and tensioning device
device for connection and tensioning (e.g. spindle loadbinders, multi-purpose lever blocks); see C in Figure 1.
3.5
combined lashing
device for securing a load, consisting of tensioning device and a chain combined with textile webbings or steel wire
ropes, with or without connecting components.
3.6
connecting component
device between the chain and/or the tensioning device and the lashing point and/or the load.
3.7
tension force indicator
device which indicates the force in the lashing system (see E1 in Figure 1).
3.8
lashing point
securing device on a load carrier to which a lashing may be directly attached. A lashing point can be for example an
oval link, a hook, a D-ring, a lashing rail.
3.9
lashing capacity (LC)
maximum force for use in straight pull that a lashing is designed to sustain in use [prEN 12195-1:2000].
3.10
breaking force (BF)
maximum force that the lashing chain can withstand, when tested in the form of a representative lashing, i.e. complete
with load binder and connecting components.
3.11
tension force
force in the lashing chain created by tensioning of the tensioning device.
Page 5
3.12
standard tension force (S )
TF
residual force after physical release of the handle of the tensioning device.
3.13
hand-operating force (H )
F
force applied to the handle of the tensioning device which creates the tension force in the lashing.
3.14
standard hand force (S )
HF
residual force at a standard hand force of 500 N or the maximal force at the labelled hand force given on the
tensioning device.
3.15
competent person
designated person, suitably trained qualified by knowledge and practical experience and with the necessary
instructions to enable the required tests and examinations to be carried out.
3.16
traceability code
series of letters and/or numbers marked on a component which enables its manufacturing history, including identity of
the cast steel used, to be traced.
Page 6
A Complete lashing equipment: D Connecting components
lashing chain
A1 Marking D1 Lashing hook
D2 Terminal link
B Tensioning element: round steel link chain D3 Shackle
D4 Shortening component
C Tensioning devices D5 Connecting component
C1 Turnbuckle D6 Damping component
C2 Short loadbinder/quick loadbinder D7 Combination component
C3 Ratchet E1 Tension force indicator
C4 Multi-purpose lever block E2 Overload indicator
NOTE Only type of chain and marking of the maximum hand operated force are included in scope
Figure 1 - Examples of lashing chains, including tensioning devices C and connecting components D
Page 7
4 Hazards
The general hazards caused by the load or parts of load during improper use of lashing chains or the non use of load
securing devices are given in Annex A.
Hazards described in the following refer to persons, who can be endangered directly when handling the lashing
chains, e.g. during tensioning and unloading.
Hazards shall be evaluated in accordance with EN 292-1:1991.
The requirements of clause 5, the test in clause 6 and the user's instructions have been harmonized such that chains
and tensioning devices conforming to this European Standard are designed and dimensioned such that the following
hazards are taken into account, if they are used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions :
a) Hazards of being hit, losing one's balance or falling during application of force, due to defective equipment,
sudden breakage or malfunction of the tensioning leading to the sudden absence of the hand reaction force.
b) Injuries by pinching and shearing, hand and arm injuries during manipulation of tensioning devices due to sharp
edges of the chain and tensioning devices .
c) Hazards to the unloading personnel due loads having moved during transport, because of inadequate securing,
malfunction like recoil or breakage of equipment or defective equipment and then may fall onto the personnel,
especially when opening the side-panels.
d) Hazards due to wrong combinations made up by the operator.
The ergonomic requirements are taken into account by the fact that the maximum hand force has been defined in 5.2
and clause 7. Some persons, however, are able to apply with both hands or unpermitted levers considerably higher
forces. Accordingly reference is made in the user's instruction to the hand force having a value of 500 N.
Table A.1 gives a survey of all hazards and the corresponding requirements.
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Components of a lashing chain
5.1.1 Chain
The chain shall conform to
EN 818-2:1996
or in multi-purpose lever block complying to prEN 13157:1998 and to
prEN 818-7:1998, type T.
Lashing chains for timber transport (Long timber or round timber) only shall be in accordance with EN 818-2:1996, but
with a maximum pitch of 6d . The bend deflection f shall be increased in accordance with Table 1.
n
Table 1 - Bend deflection of some nominal sizes
d 6 9 11 mm
n
f 913 16 mm
Page 8
5.1.2 Connecting components
Connecting components shall conform:
– for type D4, D5 and D7 to EN 1677-1 ;
– for type D1 to EN 1677-2 ;
– for type D2 to EN 1677-4.
Connecting and shortening components shall have a securing device against working loose.
5.2 Tensioning devices
There shall be no sharp edges which may come into contact with the operators hands.
On tensioning device operated by hand, the recoil travel of the end of the tensioning device shall not exceed 150 mm.
Tensioning devices shall be designed to need an intentional action to release the tension in the lashing .
Turnbuckles and short loadbinders shall have a securing device against working loose. Tensioning devices with hook-
sha
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.