EN 594:2011
(Main)Timber structures - Test methods - Racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall panels
Timber structures - Test methods - Racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall panels
This European Standard specifies the test method to be used in determining the racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall panels.
The test method is intended primarily for panels as described, to provide:
- comparative performance values for the materials used in the manufacture of the panels, and
- data information for use in structural design.
The principle of the test method is suited to other sizes and shapes of panels and to other methods of hold down as well as panels which are partially sheathed and to combinations of panels.
NOTE The method is detailed for a general situation where the client for the test knows the materials to be used in the construction, which may cover a range of different panels and walls and therefore wishes to test a standard configuration of panel. Where specific details are fixed they may be incorporated into the test but any additions or changes to the standard configuration are indicated in the test report and, later, can lead to limitations on the use of the test data.
Holzbauwerke - Prüfverfahren - Wandscheiben-Tragfähigkeit und -Steifigkeit von Wandelementen in Holztafelbauart
Diese Europäische Norm legt das Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Wandscheiben-Tragfähigkeit und -Steifigkeit von Wandelementen in Holztafelbauart fest.
Das Prüfverfahren gilt vorrangig für die im Folgenden beschriebenen Tafeln, um:
- vergleichbare Werte für die Leistungsfähigkeit der bei der Herstellung der Tafeln verwendeten Materialien; und
- Daten für die Verwendung bei der Bemessung
zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Das Prinzip des Prüfverfahrens ist auch für andere Größen oder Formen von Tafeln sowie für andere Niederhalteverfahren, für teilweise beplankte Tafeln sowie für Kombinationen von Tafeln geeignet.
ANMERKUNG Das Verfahren ist im Einzelnen für eine allgemeine Situation beschrieben, in der der Auftraggeber der Prüfung die bei der Konstruktion verwendeten Materialien kennt, die einen Bereich unterschiedlicher Tafeln und Wände umfassen können, und der daher wünscht, eine Standard-Konfiguration der Tafel zu prüfen. Wenn besondere Einzelheiten festgelegt sind, können sie in die Prüfung aufgenommen werden, aber jegliche Ergänzungen oder Änderungen der Standard-Konfiguration werden im Prüfbericht angegeben und können später zu einer eingeschränkten Anwendbarkeit der Prüfdaten führen.
Structures en bois - Méthodes d'essai - Essai de raideur et résistance au contreventement des murs à ossature en bois
La présente norme spécifie la méthode d'essai à utiliser pour la détermination de la raideur et de la résistance au contreventement de panneaux muraux à ossature en bois.
La méthode d'essai s'applique principalement aux panneaux muraux décrits, pour établir :
- les performances comparées des matériaux utilisés dans la fabrication des panneaux muraux en bois, et
- des informations chiffrées pour le calcul de structure.
Le principe de la méthode d'essai est applicable à d'autres dimensions et formes de panneaux muraux en bois, à d’autres méthodes d’ancrage et à des panneaux muraux en bois partiellement revêtus ainsi qu’à des combinaisons de panneaux.
NOTE La méthode est décrite pour une situation générale où le client de l’essai connaît les matériaux à utiliser dans la construction, laquelle peut concerner différents types de panneaux et murs, et souhaite donc soumettre à essai une configuration normale de panneau mural. Lorsque des détails spécifiques sont fixés, ils peuvent être intégrés à l’essai, mais toute adjonction ou modification de la configuration standard doit être enregistrée dans le rapport d’essai, et peut ultérieurement donner lieu à des restrictions d’utilisation des données d’essai.
Lesene konstrukcije - Preskusni postopki - Natezna trdnost in togost lesenih stenskih okvirjev s ploščami (panelov)
Ta evropski standard opredeljuje preskusno metodo, ki se uporablja za ugotavljanje natezne trdnosti in togosti lesenih stenskih okvirjev s ploščami (panelov). Ta testna metoda je primerna predvsem za opisane panele, ki zagotavljajo: primerjalne podatke o zmogljivostih materialov, uporabljenih pri izdelavi panelov, in podatke za uporabo pri projektiranju. Načelo preskusne metode je primerno za druge velikosti in oblike panelov ter za druge metode zadrževalnih panelov in panelov, ki so delno oplaščeni, in za kombinacije panelov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 594:1996
/HVHQHNRQVWUXNFLMH3UHVNXVQLSRVWRSNL1DWH]QDWUGQRVWLQWRJRVWOHVHQLK
VWHQVNLKRNYLUMHYVSORãþDPL SDQHORY
Timber Structures - Test methods - Racking strength and stiffness of timber frame wall
panels
Holzbauwerke - Prüfverfahren - Wandscheiben-Tragfähigkeit und -Steifigkeit von
Wänden in Holztafelbauart
Structures en bois - Méthodes d'essai - Essai de raideur et résistance au
contreventement des murs à ossature en bois
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 594:2011
ICS:
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 594
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2011
ICS 91.060.10; 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 594:1995
English Version
Timber structures - Test methods - Racking strength and
stiffness of timber frame wall panels
Structures en bois - Méthodes d'essai - Essai de raideur et Holzbauwerke - Prüfverfahren - Wandscheiben-
résistance au contreventement des murs à ossature en Tragfähigkeit und -Steifigkeit von Wandelementen in
bois Holztafelbauart
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 594:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Symbols .5
5 Requirements for test panels .5
6 Test method .5
6.1 Principle .5
6.2 Apparatus .6
6.3 Base and loading frame .7
6.3.1 General .7
6.3.2 Mounting of test panel .7
6.3.3 Preparation of the specimens .8
6.4 Procedure .8
6.4.1 General .8
6.4.2 Stabilizing load cycle . 11
6.4.3 Strength test . 11
6.4.4 Moisture content and density . 11
6.5 Expression of the results . 11
6.6 Test report . 12
Annex A (normative) The testing of units of dimensions other than 2,4 m ×××× 2,4 m . 14
A.1 General . 14
A.2 Requirements for panels . 14
A.3 Apparatus . 14
A.4 Procedure . 15
A.5 Test report . 15
Foreword
This document (EN 594:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”,
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 594:1995.
The changes compared to the previous version are:
1) the test standard opened the scope for more types of panels;
2) the test protocol is changed to allow a more straight forward comparison between results of different panels.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the test method to be used in determining the racking strength and stiffness
of timber frame wall panels.
The test method is intended primarily for panels as described, to provide:
comparative performance values for the materials used in the manufacture of the panels, and
data information for use in structural design.
The principle of the test method is suited to other sizes and shapes of panels and to other methods of hold
down as well as panels which are partially sheathed and to combinations of panels.
NOTE The method is detailed for a general situation where the client for the test knows the materials to be used in
the construction, which may cover a range of different panels and walls and therefore wishes to test a standard
configuration of panel. Where specific details are fixed they may be incorporated into the test but any additions or changes
to the standard configuration are indicated in the test report and, later, can lead to limitations on the use of the test data.
2 Normative references
EN 322, Wood-based panels — Determination of moisture content
EN 323, Wood-based panels — Determination of density
EN 14358, Timber structures — Calculation of the characteristic 5-percentile values and acceptance criteria
for a sample
ISO 3130, Wood — Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests
ISO 3131, Wood — Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
timber frame wall panel
structural wall panel consisting of timber framing with sheathing material fixed to one or both faces and are
referred to herein as 'panels'
3.2
head binder
piece of timber fixed to the top of the panel for test purposes
3.3
packer
piece of timber fixed to the base of the test rig for test purposes
3.4
racking strength
capacity of a panel to resist a horizontal load in the plane of the panel
3.5
racking stiffness
calculated stiffness of a panel when it is loaded to approximately 40 % of its racking strength
4 Symbols
F applied racking load, in newtons;
F maximum racking load, in newtons;
max
F estimated maximum racking load, in newtons;
max,est
F applied vertical load, in newtons;
v
R racking stiffness, in newtons per millimetre;
ν panel deformation, in millimetre.
5 Requirements for test panels
The dimensions of panels shall be as given in Figure 1. The requirements for other panel sizes and shapes
and their testing are given in Annex A.
The edges of all sheathing materials shall be fixed or partly fixed.
Frame fixings should be those used in practice but where this is not known, two 3,87 mm diameter nails of any
type with adequate pointside penetration should be used at each rail to stud joint. Frame material should be
that recommended for use in practice. Care should be taken to use timber of a quality no better than could be
expected in practice. Special care should be taken to ensure that the bottom rail and centre stud timbers (and
leading stud if a holding down restraint is attached) are not above average for the timbers used in the tests.
The specification of the timber should follow that used in practice but where this is not known C16 timber with
a nominal size of 90 mm × 40 mm is recommended.
NOTE 1 2,4 m is the recommended height of the panel if the height to be used in practice is not known or can vary.
The test method is appropriate for panel heights between 2,1 m and 3,0 m.
NOTE 2 If the sheathing is unsuitable for joining two sheets on a single stud, that stud may be replaced by two studs
adequately connected along their length. Gaps between sheets should be typical of that used in practice. Where this is
unknown a 3 mm gap is recommended.
The standard configuration is for studs at nominal 600 mm centres.
NOTE 3 The number, location and orientation of intermediate studs are not critical to the test panel, and should reflect
the normal construction practice except with relation to vertical load. If the construction requires the sheets to be laid with
the long edge horizontal, the vertical joint shown in Figure 1 can be replaced by a mid height horizontal joint. The
sheathing to one face of the panel will normally consist of two sheets approximately 1,2 m × 2,4 m. Where other sizes of
sheet are used in practice they may be substituted and suit the size of the timber frame.
NOTE 4 Test panels may include sheathing on both faces of the panel or more than one layer of sheathing on one face
if required by construction practice and if all sheets are considered to contribute to the racking strength or stiffness.
The position and spacing of fixings shall be consistent and follow the specification for the panel.
NOTE 5 Sheathing thickness, sheathing fixings and their spacing are all related directly to test performance. Variation
from specification can limit the use of the test results.
6 Test method
6.1 Principle
The test method measures the resistance to racking load of panels which can deform both vertically and
horizontally in the plane of the panel.
In this test method, the panel is either fixed to the test rig in the same manner as that used in practice or, if the
site fixing arrangement is unknown, the bottom rail of the panel is bolted (or similar) to the test rig and uplift is
resisted by the sheathing fixings and also by the vertical loads on the top rail of the panel or holding down
restraints.
NOTE 1 Different panels should be tested for each condition of vertical load (see 6.4.2 and 6.4.3). Normally, it is
sufficient to test the maximum and minimum conditions of vertical load appropriate to the design of the panel.
NOTE 2 The number of panels tested will depend on the variability in materials and manufacture, the required level of
confidence and the number of loading conditions to be applied. Wherever possible more than three panels of the same
design and loading regime should be tested to permit the assessment of the likely variability in performance.
6.2 Apparatus
The test apparatus shall be as shown in Figure 3, and shall be capable of applying separately both racking
load F and vertical load F . The method of applica
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.