prEN 17460
(Main)Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and their components
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and their components
This document defines terms and specifies requirements for adhesive bonding and sealing work in rail vehicles and their components independent of the material of the adherend and the solidification mechanism, strength and deformation properties of the adhesives.
This document is applicable to adhesive bonding and sealing adherends in the:
- development (pre-production);
- production (in-production);
- maintenance including repair (post-production);
- quality assurance of production, inspection, maintenance including repair;
of rail vehicles and their components.
This document is not applicable to:
- screw retention by the usage of adhesives, if a screw assembly without further safeguard of identical joint design is sufficient for the purpose;
- hybrid joints, if the expected function is given exclusively by another joining technology e.g. welding, screwing, riveting;
- production of vulcanizates;
- production of plywood;
- production of fibre reinforced plastic composites (FRP-composites);
- production of laminated safety glass;
- pure encapsulating of electronic parts; and
- application of single-sided adhesive decorative films.
Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Kleben von Schienenfahrzeugen und Schienenfahrzeugteilen
Dieses Dokument legt die allgemeinen Begriffe und Grundregeln für Kleb- und Dichtarbeiten sowie die Anforderungen an Anwender von Klebstoffen fest (im weiteren Verlauf "Anwenderbetriebe" genannt) und gilt als Stand der Technik für die Organisation von Kleb- und Dichtprozessen in der Eisenbahnindustrie.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Kleb- und Dicht-Fügeteile für:
- die Entwicklung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (Vorproduktion),
- die Herstellung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (während der Produktion),
- die Instandhaltung und Instandsetzung von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten (nach der Produktion) und
- die Qualitätssicherung der Herstellung, Inspektion, Instandhaltung und Instandsetzung von Schienen¬fahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten.
Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Klebverbindungen von Schienenfahrzeugen und ihrer Komponenten unabhängig vom Werkstoff des Fügeteils. Sie gilt außerdem für alle Arten von Klebstoffen unabhängig von ihrem Aushärtungsmechanismus, ihrer Festigkeit und ihren Verformungseigenschaften.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für
- Schraubensicherungen unter Einsatz von Klebstoffen, wenn eine reine Schraubenverbindung derselben Konstruktion für den Zweck ausreichend wäre,
- Hybridverbindungen, wenn die erwartete Funktion ausschließlich durch eine andere Fügetechnik wie etwa Schweißen, Schrauben, Nieten erzielt wird,
- die Herstellung von Vulkanisaten, die nicht zu Klebverbindungen führen,
- die Herstellung von Sperrholz,
- die Herstellung von Faserverbund-Kunststoff-Formteilen (CFK),
- die Herstellung von Schichtglas (LSG),
- den reinen Verguss von Elektronikteilen und
- einseitige dekorative Klebfolien.
Applications ferroviaires - Assemblage par collage de véhicules et pièces ferroviaires
Le présent document définit les termes généraux et les attentes fondamentales des travaux d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage, ainsi que les exigences applicables aux utilisateurs d'adhésif (appelés par la suite sociétés utilisatrices) et représente l'état actuel de la technique en matière d'organisation des procédés d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage dans l'industrie ferroviaire.
Le présent document s'applique aux supports d'apprêtage et d'assemblage par collage pour :
- le développement de véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (préproduction) ;
- la production de véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (production) ;
- la maintenance, notamment la réparation, des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants (postproduction) ; et
- l'assurance de la qualité de la production, du contrôle, de la maintenance (notamment de la réparation) des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants.
Le présent document est applicable à tous les joints fixés par adhésion des véhicules ferroviaires et de leurs composants, quel que soit le matériau du support. Il s'applique aux adhésifs de tous types, quels que soient leur mécanisme de solidification, leur pouvoir adhérent et leurs propriétés de déformation.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable dans les cas suivants :
- retenue de vis par l'usage d'adhésifs, si un assemblage par vissage de même conception suffit ;
- joints hybrides, si la fonction attendue est exclusivement remplie par une autre technologie d'assemblage telle que le soudage, le vissage, le rivetage ;
- production de produits vulcanisés qui ne servent pas à la réalisation de joints fixés par adhésion ;
- production de contreplaqué ;
- production de matériaux composites plastiques renforcés de fibres (composites PRF) ;
- production de verre feuilleté (VF) ;
- simple encapsulage de pièces électroniques ; et
- films décoratifs adhésifs simple face.
Železniške naprave - Lepilno spajanje za železniška vozila in dele
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
01-februar-2020
Železniške naprave - Lepilno spajanje za železniška vozila in dele
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles and parts
Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Kleben von Schienenfahrzeugen und
Schienenfahrzeugteilen
Applications ferroviaires - Assemblage par collage de véhicules et pièces ferroviaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17460ICS:
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
oSIST prEN 17460:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17460:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17460
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2019
ICS 45.060.01; 83.180
English Version
Railway applications - Adhesive bonding of rail vehicles
and parts
Applications ferroviaires - Assemblage par collage de Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Kleben von
véhicules et pièces ferroviaires Schienenfahrzeugen und SchienenfahrzeugteilenThis draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17460:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17460:2020
prEN 17460:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 10
4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2 Competence of personnel– minimum requirements ...................................................................... 15
4.3 Special process requirements ................................................................................................................. 16
5 Design and verification of adhesively bonded joints on railway vehicles ............................... 16
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Design process............................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.1 Flow chart ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.2 List of requirements .................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2.3 Preliminary design and general design parameters ....................................................................... 19
5.3 Design ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.3.2 Risk analysis and security classification ............................................................................................. 20
5.3.3 Adhesive bonding joint list ....................................................................................................................... 21
5.3.4 Qualification of an adhesive ..................................................................................................................... 21
5.4 Validation of the design ............................................................................................................................. 25
5.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 25
5.4.2 Identifying of the influences / loads ...................................................................................................... 26
5.4.3 Calculation ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.4.4 Proven design ................................................................................................................................................ 30
5.4.5 Component test ............................................................................................................................................. 30
5.4.6 Combination of calculation / component test / proven design ................................................... 30
5.5 Proof of conformity ..................................................................................................................................... 30
6 Workmanship ................................................................................................................................................ 32
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
6.2 General process requirements ................................................................................................................ 32
6.2.1 Transport and storage of adhesives, auxiliary materials and adherends ............................... 32
6.2.2 Manufacturing environment .................................................................................................................... 32
6.2.3 Preparation of work stations and acclimatization of materials ................................................. 33
6.2.4 Occupational health and safety, environmental protection ......................................................... 33
6.2.5 Checking for fitting accuracy concerning shape, position and dimension .............................. 33
6.2.6 Checks prior to start of production ....................................................................................................... 33
6.2.7 Treatment of the adherend surfaces ..................................................................................................... 33
6.2.8 Dosing, mixing and application ............................................................................................................... 35
6.2.9 Joining the adherends ................................................................................................................................ 35
6.2.10 Fixing ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
6.2.11 Solidification .................................................................................................................................................. 36
6.2.12 Packaging and transport of adhesively bonded components ...................................................... 36
6.3 Work instructions: minimum requirements ...................................................................................... 36
6.4 Production-accompanying work-samples as a proof possibility of application quality .... 38
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6.5 Rework ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
6.6 Quality assurance ......................................................................................................................................... 39
6.6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
6.6.2 Quality planning ............................................................................................................................................ 40
6.6.3 Quality inspection......................................................................................................................................... 41
6.6.4 Corrective action ........................................................................................................................................... 42
6.6.5 Imperfections in adhesive bonds ............................................................................................................ 42
7 Maintenance and repair ............................................................................................................................. 42
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
7.2 Documentation .............................................................................................................................................. 42
7.3 Execution rules .............................................................................................................................................. 43
7.4 Maintenance and repair instructions .................................................................................................... 43
7.5 Subcontracting ............................................................................................................................................... 43
Annex A (informative) Requirements concerning the competence-scope ............................................. 44
A.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
A.2 Adhesive bonding personnel - specification of the levels of competencies, knowledge
and experiences ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Annex B (informative) Requirements and duties of adhesive bonding personnel .............................. 45
B.1 Staffing .............................................................................................................................................................. 45
B.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
B.1.2 Competencies of adhesive bonding operators ................................................................................... 45
B.1.3 (Responsible) Adhesive Bonding Coordinator (rABC / ABC) ....................................................... 45
B.1.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
B.1.3.2 Duties of (responsible) Adhesive Bonding Coordinators (rABCs/ABCs) ................................. 46
B.1.3.3 Competencies of ABC ................................................................................................................................... 48
B.2 Organizational integration of adhesive bonding coordination ................................................... 48
B.3 Monitoring and testing personnel .......................................................................................................... 49
Annex C (informative) Explanation of comprehensive, specific and basic competencies,
knowledge application, practical application, and experiences with respect to the
content mentioned in Annex A / Table A.1 .......................................................................................... 50
C.1 Competence - subject ................................................................................................................................... 50
C.2 General definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences defined in Table 1 of this standard ....................................................................... 51
C.2.1 Comprehensive .............................................................................................................................................. 51
C.2.2 Specific .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
C.2.3 Basic................................................................................................................................................................... 52
C.3 Detailed definitions of competencies, knowledge application, practical application,
and experiences with respect to the subject contents defined in Table C.1 of this
annex ................................................................................................................................................................. 52
C.3.1 Comprehensive: detailed definitions .................................................................................................... 52
C.3.1.1 Adhesion and adhesives ............................................................................................................................. 52
C.3.1.2 Materials as adherends .............................................................................................................................. 54
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C.3.1.3 Construction and design ............................................................................................................................ 54
C.3.1.4 Durability ........................................................................................................................................................ 55
C.3.1.5 Adhesive bonding process ........................................................................................................................ 56
C.3.1.6 Testing and analysis .................................................................................................................................... 56
C.3.1.6.1 Non-destructive testing ..................................................................................................................... 56
C.3.1.6.2 Testing of surfaces ............................................................................................................................... 57
C.3.1.6.3 Destructive testing .............................................................................................................................. 57
C.3.1.7 Quality management ................................................................................................................................... 57
C.3.1.8 Manufacturing and production processes .......................................................................................... 58
C.3.1.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 59
C.3.2 Specific: detailed definitions .................................................................................................................... 59
C.3.2.1 Adhesion and adhesives ............................................................................................................................ 59
C.3.2.2 Materials as adherends .............................................................................................................................. 60
C.3.2.3 Construction and design ............................................................................................................................ 61
C.3.2.4 Durability ........................................................................................................................................................ 62
C.3.2.5 Adhesive bonding process ........................................................................................................................ 62
C.3.2.6 Testing and analysis .................................................................................................................................... 63
C.3.2.7 Quality management ................................................................................................................................... 63
C.3.2.8 Manufacturing and production processes .......................................................................................... 64
C.3.2.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 64
C.3.3 Basic: detailed definitions ......................................................................................................................... 65
C.3.3.1 Adhesion and adhesives ............................................................................................................................ 65
C.3.3.2 Materials as adherends .............................................................................................................................. 65
C.3.3.3 Construction and design ............................................................................................................................ 66
C.3.3.4 Durability ........................................................................................................................................................ 66
C.3.3.5 Adhesive bonding process ........................................................................................................................ 66
C.3.3.6 Testing and analysis .................................................................................................................................... 66
C.3.3.7 Quality management ................................................................................................................................... 67
C.3.3.8 Manufacturing and production processes .......................................................................................... 67
C.3.3.9 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................... 68
Annex D (informative) List of requirements ..................................................................................................... 69
Annex E (informative) Design principles – Examples .................................................................................... 71
Annex F (normative) Determining the stress limit ......................................................................................... 79
F.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 79
F.2 Characteristic values and the permissible stress limit .................................................................. 79
F.3 Testing low-modulus (flexible) adhesives .......................................................................................... 81
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F.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 81
F.3.2 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces ............................................................................................. 81
F.3.3 Testing the quasi-static adhesive bond strength for adhesive bonds formed with low-
modulus adhesives ....................................................................................................................................... 81
F.3.4 Testing the compression of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives ........................... 82
F.3.5 Testing the elongation at break after relaxation of adhesive bonds using flexible
adhesive ........................................................................................................................................................... 83
F.3.6 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives .................... 83
F.3.7 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using low-modulus adhesives ..................... 84
F.3.8 Measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture ........................................ 84
F.4 Testing high-modulus (very stiff) adhesives ...................................................................................... 84
F.4.1 Determining the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson’s ratio and the stress/strain
characteristic using adhesive test pieces ............................................................................................. 84
F.4.2 Testing lap shear strength ......................................................................................................................... 85
F.4.3 Testing the creep behaviour of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives .................. 85
F.4.4 Testing the fatigue strength of adhesive bonds using high-modulus adhesives ................... 85
F.4.5 Other tests: measurement of pH value of cured adhesives exposure to moisture ............... 85
Annex G (informative) Criteria for choosing an adhesive bonding system ............................................ 86
Annex H (informative) Description of non-destructive and destructive testing methods ................ 90
H.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 90
H.2 Non-destructive testing .............................................................................................................................. 90
H.2.1 Preliminary remark ..................................................................................................................................... 90
H.2.2 Visual inspection ........................................................................................................................................... 90
H.2.3 Ultrasonic testing .......................................................................................................................................... 90
H.2.4 Thermography ............................................................................................................................................... 91
H.2.5 Shearography ................................................................................................................................................. 92
H.2.6 Tap test ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
H.2.7 Water drop test.............................................................................................................................................. 94
H.2.8 Ink test .............................................................................................................................................................. 95
H.3 Destructive testing ....................................................................................................................................... 95
H.3.1 Preliminary remark ..................................................................................................................................... 95
H.3.2 Fracture patterns .......................................................................................................................................... 95
H.3.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 95
H.3.2.2 Adhesive fracture ......................................................................................................................................... 95
H.3.2.3 Cohesive fracture (cohesion fracture) .................................................................................................. 96
H.3.2.4 Superficial cohesion failure / superficial cohesive fracture ......................................................... 96
H.3.2.5 Substrate fracture......................................................................................................................................... 96
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H.3.2.6 Mixed fracture ............................................................................................................................................... 97
H.3.3 Lap shear test (EN 1465) ........................................................................................................................... 97
H.3.4 Floating roller peel test (EN 1464) ........................................................................................................ 99
H.3.5 Appropriate bead peel test [1] .............................................................................................................. 100
H.3.6 Dye penetrant testing (EN ISO 3452-1 [36]) ..................................................................................... 101
H.3.7 Test for adhesion at flanks...................................................................................................................... 101
H.3.8 Suction cup test ........................................................................................................................................... 101
H.3.9 Test using a feeler gauge ......................................................................................................................... 102
Annex I (informative) Description of accelerated ageing tests ................................................................ 103
I.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 103
I.2 Ageing factors and its effects ................................................................................................................. 103
I.3 Selection of accelerated ageing test..................................................................................................... 104
I.4 Examples of accelerated ageing tests .................................................................................................. 104
I.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 104
I.4.2 Constant climatic conditions ..............................................................
...
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