CEN/TR 16298:2011
(Main)Textiles and textile products - Smart textiles - Definitions, categorisation, applications and standardization needs
Textiles and textile products - Smart textiles - Definitions, categorisation, applications and standardization needs
This Technical Report provides definitions in the field of "smart" textiles and textile products as well as a categorisation of different types of smart textiles. It describes briefly the current stage of development of these products and their application potential and gives indications on preferential standardization needs.
Textilien und textile Produkte - Intelligente Textilien - Definitionen, Klassifizierung, Anwendungen und Normungsbedarf
Der vorliegende Technische Bericht enthält Begriffe aus dem Bereich der „intelligenten“ Textilien und textilen Erzeugnisse, sowie eine Kategorisierung verschiedener Typen von intelligenten Textilien. In Kurzform werden der aktuelle Entwicklungsstand dieser Erzeugnisse und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeit beschrieben, und es werden Angaben zu vorrangigen Normungsergebnissen gemacht.
Textiles et produits textiles - Textiles intelligents - Définitions, catégorisation, applications et besoins de normalisation
Le présent Rapport technique fournit des définitions dans le domaine des textiles et produits textiles « intelligents », ainsi qu’une catégorisation des différents types de textiles intelligents. Il décrit brièvement l’état actuel de développement de ces produits et leur application potentielle et fournit des indications sur les besoins de normalisation préférentiels.
Tekstilije - Inteligentne tekstilije - Definicije, kategorizacija, uporaba in standardizacijske potrebe
To tehnično poročilo vsebuje definicije na področju »inteligentnih« tekstilij in kategorizacijo različnih vrst inteligentnih tekstilij. Na kratko opisuje trenutno stopnjo razvoja teh izdelkov in potencial za uporabo ter navaja prednostne standardizacijske potrebe.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2012
Tekstilije - Inteligentne tekstilije - Definicije, kategorizacija, uporaba in
standardizacijske potrebe
Textiles and textile products - Smart textiles - Definitions, categorisation, applications
and standardization needs
Textilien und textile Produkte - Intelligente Textilien - Definitionen, Klassifizierung,
Anwendungen und Normungsbedarf
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16298:2011
ICS:
59.080.01 Tekstilije na splošno Textiles in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16298
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
November 2011
ICS 59.080.99
English Version
Textiles and textile products - Smart textiles - Definitions,
categorisation, applications and standardization needs
Textiles et produits textiles - Textiles intelligents - Textilien und textile Produkte - Intelligente Textilien -
Définitions, catégorisation, applications et besoins de Definitionen, Klassifizierung, Anwendungen und
normalisation Normungsbedarf
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 October 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 248.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16298:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .6
2 Terms and definitions .6
3 Functional and smart textile materials .7
3.1 Functional textile materials .7
3.2 Intelligent (smart) textile materials .9
4 Smart textile systems . 14
4.1 Categories . 15
4.2 Examples of “intelligent textile systems” and their functional analysis . 16
5 Recommendations for standardization . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Verification of claimed performances . 22
5.3 Innocuousness . 22
5.4 Durability of properties . 22
5.5 Product information. 22
5.6 Environmental aspects . 23
5.7 Examples of possible standardization of intelligent textile materials and systems . 24
Annex A (informative) Regulations, standards and conformity assessment . 28
Bibliography . 32
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16298:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and
textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
Terms like “smart textile” and “intelligent textile” mean different things to different people. However, there is
some common agreement that these are textiles or textile products that possess additional intrinsic and
functional properties not normally associated with traditional textiles.
Although adjectives such as "smart" or "intelligent" are mainly intended for marketing purposes, more
technically correct definitions will not prevent the use of this terminology by textile manufacturers or by the
general public. Nor will the unintended inclusion of “non-smart” products make products any less safe or fit for
purpose.
The standardization of smart textiles or smart textile products or systems is not straightforward because it
involves an overlap between the standardization of the "traditional" textile product, e.g. a fire fighter's jacket,
and the standardization of the additional intrinsic functional properties of the "smart product", whatever they
may be. This overlap can manifest itself in a number of areas that may include:
Legislation: all textile products should comply with the requirements of the general product safety
directive, which stipulates that only safe products should be put on the European market. Certain textile
product groups, e.g. protective clothing, geotextiles or textile floor coverings, are in addition subject to
specific national and European legislation and it may even be necessary to simultaneously address the
requirements of more than one EU Directive. A "classic" fire fighter's suit should comply with the
requirements of the PPE Directive, usually supported by EN 469, whereas a "smart" fire fighter's suit with
built-in electronic features should e.g. also comply with the applicable provisions of ICT and ATEX
regulations. Conformity assessment will also need to follow the conformity assessment schemes for both
regulations.
Expertise: the knowledge and experience of standardization for the textile properties and for the
additional properties (temperature sensing, variable thermal insulation properties) may come from
different unrelated standardization groups. To take the above example, there will need to be input from
standardization groups working in the areas of textiles, medical devices and electric or electronic devices.
Testing: there will be a need to test the additional functional properties to specific textile test standards
and vice versa. Again, with the same example, the electronic elements might have to be assessed for
their resistance to cleaning and the textile elements may need to be tested for electrical safety.
Unexpected and/or unintended synergies: these might result from the combination of technologies in
smart textiles and should be recognised and addressed by standardization, wherever possible. For
example, the presence of conductive fibres to incorporate a personal stereo into a smart raincoat might
increase the risk of the wearer suffering a lightning-strike in a thunderstorm. This is despite the fact that
neither rainwear nor personal stereos, when separate, need to be assessed against this risk.
The purpose of this technical report is to give advice and information on the considerations that need to be
addressed when writing standards for smart textiles, or applying existing standards to them. This information
may be of use to:
end-users, in determining whether a product has indeed been fully assessed;
conformity assessment bodies, as a guide towards assessing products according to the appropriate
standards;
specification writers, as a guide to writing new specific standards for smart textiles;
manufacturers of smart textiles, to advise them on appropriate product testing and on suitable ways to
substantiate product claims;
market surveillance authorities, to help in the assessment of product claims, product safety and fitness for
purpose.
The factual information in this report is available elsewhere in a more comprehensive form and each individual
item will inevitably be common knowledge to at least one group of readers. The aim of this technical report is
to guide readers through those areas, with which they are not familiar, and to direct them towards further,
more specialised reading. In accordance with CEN rules, this Technical Report will be reviewed regularly to
keep it in line with technical and market evolutions.
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides definitions in the field of "smart" textiles and textile products as well as a
categorisation of different types of smart textiles. It describes briefly the current stage of development of these
products and their application potential and gives indications on preferential standardization needs.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
In literature, both the terms ‘smart’ and ‘intelligent’ are used. In this text the two terms are considered
equivalent and hence exchangeable.
NOTE European Directive 2008/121-EC provides definitions of "textile products" and "textile fibres", but these
definitions are not suitable for the purpose of this Technical Report, since they do not distinguish between "textile
products" and "textile materials".
According to the Directive "textile products" are "raw, semi-worked, worked, semi-manufactured,
manufactured, semi-made-up or made-up products which are exclusively composed of textile fibres,
regardless of the mixing or assembly process employed" or
(a) products containing at least 80 % by weight of textile fibres;
(b) furniture, umbrella and sunshade coverings containing at least 80 % by weight of textile components;
similarly, the textile components of multi-layer floor coverings, of mattresses and of camping goods, and
warm linings of footwear, gloves, mittens and mitts, provided such parts or linings constitute at least 80 %
by weight of the complete article;
(c) textiles incorporated in other products and forming an integral part thereof, where their composition is
specified.
2.1
textile material
material made of textile fibres and intended to be used, as such or in conjunction with other textile or non-
textile items, for the production of textile products
2.2
functional textile material
textile material to which a specific function is added by means of material, composition, construction and/or
finishing (applying additives, etc.)
2.3
smart textile material (intelligent textile material)
functional textile material, which interacts actively with its environment, i.e. it responds or adapts to changes in
the environment
NOTE The term "smart textile" may refer to either a "smart textile material" or a "smart textile system". Only the
context, in which the term is used, will determine which one of the two is intended.
2.4
environment (surroundings)
the circumstances, objects, or conditions, which surround a textile material or textile product or the user of that
material or product
2.5
textile system
an assemblage of textile and non-textile components integrated into a product that still retains textile
properties, e.g. a garment, a carpet or a mattress
NOTE The terms "textile system" and "textile product" may be interchangeable in many cases.
2.6
smart textile system
a textile system which exhibits an intended and exploitable response as a reaction either to changes in its
surroundings/environment or to an external signal/input
3 Functional and smart textile materials
3.1 Functional textile materials
3.1.1 General
Functional textile materials can be components of intelligent textile systems and hence functional textile
materials, which are relevant for these intelligent textile systems, will be discussed here. This is illustrated by
the following examples:
Example 1: A textile resistance heater
Functional textile material: a conductive material forming the basis of a resistance heater in a textile
system.
Smart textile system: a textile resistance heater as (part of) a textile system, connected to an electrical
power supply which can only be switched on and off manually or a resistance heater as part of a textile
system, connected to an electrical power supply with a regulated power output and equipped with a
temperature sensor as to maintain a constant temperature around the heater.
Example 2: Optical fibres
Functional textile material: optical fibres used as part of a textile system
Smart textile system: optical fibres as (part of) a textile system, connected to a light source which can
only be switched on and off manually or optical fibres as part of a textile system, connected to a light
source with a regulated power output and equipped with a sensor to adjust the illumination level t
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