Glass in building - Assessment of relaease of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air from glass products

This document provides specific rules for the assessment of the release on dangerous substances from glass products into indoor air of buildings in complement to the horizontal rules given in EN 16516.
This document addresses specifically products as mentioned in TC 129 Mandate - M135 Amendment 1 EN (2012), i.e. products covered by the following European Standards: EN 1036 2 and FprEN 16477 2. However, this document can also be applied to other glass products containing volatiles organic compounds (VOC) such as: EN 1279 5, EN 15755 1 and EN 14449. Glass products that do not contain organic compounds are not in the scope of this document (see Annex A).
This document address the release of dangerous substances into indoor air from construction products, although it can also be applied to glass products used in other applications such as furniture.

Glas im Bauwesen - Beurteilung der Freisetzung gefährlicher Stoffe - Bestimmung von Emissionen in die Innenraumluft aus Glasprodukten

Dieses Dokument gibt ergänzend zu den in EN 16516 angegebenen horizontalen Regeln spezifische Regeln für die Bewertung der Freisetzung gefährlicher Stoffe aus Glaserzeugnissen in die Innenraumluft von Gebäuden vor.
Dieses Dokument behandelt speziell die in Änderung 1 EN (2012) des Normungsauftrags M135 (TC 129) genannten Erzeugnisse, das heißt Erzeugnisse, die durch die folgenden Europäischen Normen abgedeckt sind: EN 1036 2 und FprEN 16477 2. Dieses Dokument kann jedoch auch auf andere Glaserzeugnisse angewendet werden, die flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VOC) enthalten, zum Beispiel: EN 1279 5, EN 15755 1 und EN 14449. Glaserzeugnisse, die keine organischen Verbindungen enthalten, fallen nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments (siehe Anhang A).
Dieses Dokument behandelt die Freisetzung gefährlicher Stoffe aus Bauprodukten in die Innenraumluft, es kann jedoch auch auf Glaserzeugnisse in anderen Anwendungen, etwa Möbeln, angewendet werden.

Verre dans la construction - Évaluation de l’émission de substances dangereuses - Détermination des émissions par les produits verriers dans l’air intérieur

Le présent document fournit des règles spécifiques pour l’évaluation des émissions de substances dangereuses par les produits verriers dans l’air intérieur des bâtiments, en complément des règles horizontales données dans l’EN 16516.
Il traite en particulier des produits mentionnés dans le mandat M/135 Amendement 1 (EN (2012)) donné au TC 129, c’est-à-dire des produits couverts par les Normes européennes suivantes : l’EN 1036 2 et le FprEN 16477 2. Toutefois, ce document peut également être appliqué à d’autres produits verriers contenant des composés organiques volatils (COV) tels que : les produits couverts par l’EN 1279 5, l’EN 15755 1 et l’EN 14449. Les produits verriers ne contenant pas de composés organiques volatils ne relèvent pas du domaine d’application du présent document (voir l’Annexe A).
Le présent document traite des émissions de substances dangereuses par les produits de construction dans l’air intérieur, bien qu’il puisse également être appliqué à des produits verriers utilisés dans d’autres applications, notamment comme éléments d’ameublement.

Steklo v gradbeništvu - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Določevanje emisij iz steklenih izdelkov v zrak v zaprtih prostorih

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Sep-2019
Publication Date
09-May-2021
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
02-Apr-2021
Due Date
07-Jun-2021
Completion Date
10-May-2021

Buy Standard

Standard
EN 17416:2021
English language
14 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day
Draft
prEN 17416:2019
English language
14 pages
sale 10% off
Preview
sale 10% off
Preview
e-Library read for
1 day

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17416:2021
01-junij-2021
Steklo v gradbeništvu - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Določevanje
emisij iz steklenih izdelkov v zrak v zaprtih prostorih
Glass in building - Assessment of relaease of dangerous substances - Determination of
emissions into indoor air from glass products
Glas im Bauwesen - Beurteilung der Freisetzung gefährlicher Stoffe - Bestimmung von
Emissionen in die Innenraumluft aus Glasprodukten
Verre dans la construction - Évaluation de l’émission de substances dangereuses -
Détermination des émissions par les produits verriers dans l’air intérieur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17416:2021
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
81.040.20 Steklo v gradbeništvu Glass in building
SIST EN 17416:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021


EN 17416
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.20; 81.040.20
English Version

Glass in building - Assessment of release of dangerous
substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air
from glass products
Verre dans la construction - Évaluation de l'émission Glas im Bauwesen - Beurteilung der Freisetzung
de substances dangereuses - Détermination des gefährlicher Stoffe - Bestimmung von Emissionen in
émissions par les produits verriers dans l'air intérieur die Innenraumluft aus Glasprodukten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17416:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021
EN 17416:2021 (E)

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviations . 5
4 Intended conditions of use, emission scenarios and European reference room . 6
4.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario . 6
4.1.1 Product description . 6
4.1.2 Mirrors, painted glass, and adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass . 6
4.1.3 Laminated glass . 6
4.1.4 Insulating glass unit . 7
4.2 Reference room and emission scenario . 8
4.2.1 General. 8
4.2.2 Dimensions and loading factors in the reference room. 8
5 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 8
5.1 General. 8
5.2 Preparation of a sampling plan and sampling strategy . 9
5.2.1 General. 9
5.2.2 As per EN 16516. Sampling approach . 9
5.2.3 Population and sub-population . 9
5.2.4 Size of samples . 9
5.2.5 Sampling location and moment . 10
6 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 10
6.1 Preparation of the test specimen . 10
Annex A (informative) Glass products not covered by this standard . 12
Bibliography . 14

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021
EN 17416:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17416:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 129 “Glass in
building”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021
EN 17416:2021 (E)

Introduction
This document provides specific rules for flat glass products used in buildings to support the assessment
of release of dangerous substances into indoor air.
This document aims at complementing the general rules established in EN 16516:2017+A1:2020, by
providing additional detailed rules on technical aspects specific to the glass products.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021
EN 17416:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document provides specific rules for the assessment of the release on dangerous substances from
glass products into indoor air of buildings in complement to the horizontal rules given in EN 16516.
This document addresses specifically products as mentioned in TC 129 Mandate - M135 Amendment
1
1 EN (2012), i.e. products covered by the following European Standards: EN 1036-2 and EN 16477-2 .
However, this document can also be applied to other glass products containing volatile organic
compounds (VOC) such as: EN 1279-5, EN 15755-1 and EN 14449. Glass products that do not contain
organic compounds are not in the scope of this document (see Annex A).
This document addresses the release of dangerous substances into indoor air from construction products,
although it can also be applied to glass products used in other applications such as furniture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16516:2017+A1:2020, Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances -
Determination of emissions into indoor air
EN ISO 12543-1, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 1: Definitions and
description of component parts (ISO 12543-1)
EN ISO 12543-2, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 2: Laminated safety
glass (ISO 12543-2)
EN ISO 12543-3, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 3: Laminated glass
(ISO 12543-3)
EN ISO 16000-11, Indoor air - Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing - Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens (ISO
16000-11)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16516 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
VOC volatile organic compound
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN 17416:2021
EN 17416:2021 (E)

4 Intended conditions of use, emission scenarios and European reference room
4.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario
4.1.1 Product description
The glass that represent in general the main part of the glass product does not contain any VOC. Glass is
manufactured in furnaces where the raw materials are melted at a temperature above 1 500 °C and
therefore no organic compounds whatsoever are present within the glass itself. VOC in glass products are
generally found in added components such as paint, plastic film, sealant, glue, etc. Moreover the organic
containing component is rarely exposed directly to the indoor air but most likely placed against a hard
surface (e.g. wall, ceiling, floor, frame, etc.).
4.1.2 Mirrors, painted glass, and adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass
Mirrors (EN 1036-1), painted glass (EN 16477-1), adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass (EN 15755-1):
the component that is susceptible to release VOC's is applied on the back of the product on the entire
surface; it consists of paint and/or adhesive polymeric film (see Figure 1). During use, the face covered is
generally applied on to a hard surface such as a wall. Those products are used inside the building as
decorative wall covering; they rarely cover all four walls of a room but more generally two walls or less.

Key
1 glass
2 paint
3 adhesive polymeric film
Figure 1 — Illustration of a section of a painted glass or mirror with an adhesive backed
polymeric film
4.1.3 Laminated glass
Laminated glass consists of one sheet of glass with one or more sheets of glass and/or plastic glazing
sheet material joined together with one or more interlayers according to EN ISO 12543-1,
EN ISO 12543-2 and EN ISO 12543-3 (see Figure 2).
In the case one external part of the laminated product consists of a VOC containing material (e.g. plastic
glazing sheet material), the product shall be tested taking into account the specific intended application
(e.g. the plastic glazing sheet can be facing the interior).
The interlayer is generally made of organic compounds (e.g. polyvinyl butyral) and is susceptible to
releasing VOC's. Although, in most cases (see previous paragraph for exception) because the interlayer is
comprised between two glass panes the contact between the interlayer and the indoor air is limited to a
very small surface along the edge of the glass product. As laminated glass are usually placed into a frame,
there is no direct contact between the indoor air and the interlayer material. Those products are used in
insulating glass units (window) for façade (for safety or security purposes) and inside the building as
pa
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
01-september-2019
Steklo v gradbeništvu - Ocenjevanje sproščanja nevarnih snovi - Določevanje
emisij iz steklenih izdelkov v zrak v zaprtih prostorih
Glass in building - Assessment of relaease of dangerous substances - Determination of
emissions into indoor air from glass products
Glas im Bauwesen - Beurteilung der Freisetzung gefährlicher Stoffe - Bestimmung von
Emissionen in die Innenraumluft aus Glasprodukten
Verre dans la construction - Évaluation de l’émission de substances dangereuses -
Détermination des émissions par les produits verriers dans l’air intérieur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17416
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
13.040.40 Emisije nepremičnih virov Stationary source emissions
81.040.20 Steklo v gradbeništvu Glass in building
oSIST prEN 17416:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17416
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

July 2019
ICS 13.040.20; 81.040.20
English Version

Glass in building - Assessment of relaease of dangerous
substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air
from glass products
Verre dans la construction - Évaluation de l'émission Glas im Bauwesen - Beurteilung der Freisetzung
de substances dangereuses - Détermination des gefährlicher Stoffe - Bestimmung von Emissionen in
émissions par les produits verriers dans l'air intérieur die Innenraumluft aus Glasprodukten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 129.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17416:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 6
4 Intended conditions of use, emission scenarios and European reference room . 6
4.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario . 6
4.1.1 Product description. . 6
4.1.2 Mirrors, painted glass, and adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass . 6
4.1.3 Laminated glass . 7
4.1.4 Insulating Glass Unit . 7
4.2 Reference room and emission scenario . 8
4.2.1 General. 8
4.2.2 Dimensions and loading factors in the reference room. 8
5 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 9
5.1 General. 9
5.2 Preparation of a sampling plan and sampling strategy . 9
5.2.1 General. 9
5.2.2 Sampling approach . 9
5.2.3 Population and sub-population . 9
5.2.4 Size of samples . 9
5.2.5 Sampling location and moment . 10
6 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 10
6.1 Preparation of the test specimen . 10
6.2 Indirect method . 11
Annex A (informative) Glass products not covered by this standard . 13

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17416:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 129 “Glass in
building”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)

Introduction
This document provides specific rules for flat glass products used in buildings to support the
assessment of release of dangerous substances into indoor air.
This document aims at complementing the general rules established in EN 16516:2017, by providing
additional detailed rules on technical aspects specific to the glass products.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document provides specific rules for the assessment of the release on dangerous substances from
glass products into indoor air of buildings in complement to the horizontal rules given in EN 16516.
This document addresses specifically products as mentioned in TC 129 Mandate - M135 Amendment
1 EN (2012), i.e. products covered by the following European Standards: EN 1036-2 and
FprEN 16477-2. However, this document can also be applied to other glass products containing
volatiles organic compounds (VOC) such as: EN 1279-5, EN 15755-1 and EN 14449. Glass products that
do not contain organic compounds are not in the scope of this document (see Annex A).
This document address the release of dangerous substances into indoor air from construction products,
although it can also be applied to glass products used in other applications such as furniture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1036-1, Glass in building - Mirrors from silver-coated float glass for internal use - Part 1: Definitions,
requirements and test methods
EN 1036-2, Glass in building - Mirrors from silver-coated float glass for internal use - Part 2: Evaluation of
conformity; product standard
EN 1279-1, Glass in Building - Insulating glass units - Part 1: Generalities, system description, rules for
substitution, tolerances and visual quality
EN 1279-5, Glass in building - Insulating glass units - Part 5: Product standard
EN 14449, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Evaluation of
conformity/Product standard
EN 15755-1, Glass in building - Adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass - Part 1: Definitions and
requirements
EN 16477-1, Glass in building - Painted glass for internal use - Part 1: Requirements
FprEN 16477-2, Glass in building - Painted glass for internal use - Part 2: Evaluation of
conformity/Product standard
EN 16516, Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of
emissions into indoor air
EN ISO 12543-1, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 1: Definitions and
description of component parts (ISO 12543-1)
EN ISO 12543-2, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 2: Laminated safety
glass (ISO 12543-2)
EN ISO 12543-3, Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 3: Laminated glass
(ISO 12543-3)
EN ISO 16000-11, Indoor air - Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing - Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens (ISO
16000-11)
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16516 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
4 Intended conditions of use, emission scenarios and European reference room
4.1 Intended conditions of use and emission scenario
4.1.1 Product description.
The glass that represent in general the main part of the glass product does not contain any VOC. Glass is
manufactured in furnaces where the raw materials are melted at a temperature above 1 500 °C and
therefore no organic compounds whatsoever are present within the glass itself. VOC in glass products
are generally found in added components such as paint, plastic film, sealant, glue, etc. Moreover the
organic containing component is rarely exposed directly to the indoor air but most likely placed against
a hard surface (e.g. wall, ceiling, floor, frame, etc.).
4.1.2 Mirrors, painted glass, and adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass
Mirrors (EN 1036-1), painted glass (EN 16477-1), adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass
(EN 15755-1): the component that is susceptible to release VOC's is applied on the back of the product
on the entire surface; it consists of paint and/or adhesive polymeric film (see Figure 1). During use, the
face covered is generally applied on to a hard surface such as a wall. Those products are used inside the
building as decorative wall covering; they rarely cover all four walls of a room but more generally two
walls or less.

Key
1 glass
2 paint
3 adhesive polymeric film
Figure 1 — Illustration of a section of a painted glass or mirror with an adhesive backed
polymeric film
6

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 17416:2019
prEN 17416:2019 (E)
4.1.3 Laminated glass
Laminated glass consists of one sheet of glass with one or more sheets of glass and/or plastic glazing
sheet material joined together with one or more interlayers according to EN ISO 12543-1,
EN ISO 12543-2 and EN ISO 12543-3 (see Figure 2).
In the case one external part of the laminated product consists of a VOC containing material (e.g. plastic
glazing sheet material), the product shall be tested taking into account the specific intended application
(e.g. the plastic glazing sheet can be facing the interior).
The interlayer is generally made of organic compounds (e.g. polyvinyl butyral) and is susceptible to
releasing VOC's. Although, in most cases (see previous paragraph for exception) because the interlayer
is comprised between two glass panes the contact between the interlayer and the in
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.