SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010
(Main)Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
This Technical Report defines key terms commonly used in energy management and energy efficiency.
Energiemanagement und Energieeffizienz - Glossar
Management de l'énergie et efficacité énergétique - Glossaire
Le présent rapport définit les termes clés couramment utilisés dans le domaine du management de l'énergie et de l'efficacité énergétique.
Upravljanje z energijo in energijska učinkovitost - Slovar izrazov
To tehnično poročilo določa ključne izraze, uporabljene pri upravljanju z energijo in energijski učinkovitosti.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010
01-september-2010
8SUDYOMDQMH]HQHUJLMRLQHQHUJLMVNDXþLQNRYLWRVW6ORYDUL]UD]RY
Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
Energiemanagement und Energieeffizienz - Glossar
Management de l'énergie et efficacité énergétique - Glossaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010
ICS:
01.040.27 Prenos energije in toplote Energy and heat transfer
(Slovarji) engineering (Vocabularies)
27.010 Prenos energije in toplote na Energy and heat transfer
splošno engineering in general
SIST-TP CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/CLC/TR 16103
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2010
ICS 01.040.27; 27.010
English Version
Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
Management de l'énergie et efficacité énergétique - Energiemanagement und Energieeffizienz - Glossar
Glossaire
th th
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 6 October 2009 and CENELEC on 14 April 2010.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN Management Centre: CENELEC Central Secretariat:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Methodology .4
3 European Directives, terms and definitions .4
4 Terms and definitions elaborated by group of terms .5
4.1 Energy .5
4.2 Energy use and energy consumption .7
4.3 Energy efficiency .9
4.4 Energy performance . 11
4.5 Energy management . 12
4.6 Energy services . 13
4.7 Energy measurement . 14
5 Alphabetical index of terms . 16
Annex A CEN-CENELEC SFEM information . 18
A.1 CEN-CENELEC SFEM structures (Task Forces and Working Groups) . 18
A.2 SFEM recommendations about Terminology on Energy management and Energy
efficiency . 19
A.3 SFEM Working Group TEMEE members list . 20
Annex B List of documents and Bibliography . 21
Annex C Comments on Directive terms and definitions . 23
Annex D List of energy management and energy efficiency terms which the working group
consider warrant definition . 26
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Foreword
This document (CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010) was approved by CEN/BT (Resolution BT C076/2009) and
CENELEC/BT (Resolution D136/045).
In 2007, when CEN-CENELEC Task Force (TF) 189 and CEN-CENELEC Task Force (TF) 190 project teams
were working on standards for energy management, they identified the need for a set of common terms and
definitions. The same need had been identified by CEN-CENELEC Sector Forum Energy Management
(SFEM) (see A.1).
Also, certain terms and definitions in European directives dealing with energy efficiency were subject to
discussion and varied interpretation:
Directive 2002/91 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy
performance of building;
Directive 2006/32 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end use
efficiency and energy services.
In recommendation 14/2007, SFEM appointed a group of experts to resolve this terminology issue by building
a repository of terms on energy management and energy efficiency : Working Group on Terminology on
Energy Management and Energy Efficiency ((SFEM WG TEMEE), see A.2 and A.3).
SFEM WG TEMEE started the work at the beginning of 2008. Liaison with the project teams in TF 189 and TF
190 ensured broad agreement on key terms used in EN 16001:2009 and EN 15900:2010.
In mid 2008, ISO/TMB/SAG E (ISO Strategic Advisory Group on Energy efficiency and renewable energy
sources) and IEC/SMB/SG1 (IEC Strategic Group on Energy efficiency and renewable resources) had both
also identified terminology as a key issue needing resolution. Consequently, a new work item proposal has
been submitted to all ISO members and IEC national committees for voting during first quarter 2009.
SFEM WG TEMEE recommended delivery in the form of a Technical Report (TR). This was first circulated to
CEN-CENELEC SFEM members and then sent for approval to both CEN and CENELEC technical boards
(BT). This approach was approved by CEN-CENELEC SFEM in its recommendation 10/2008 (December
2008).
When preparing the document, the working group endeavoured to take into account the interest of the
different stakeholders (experts working in energy management, standard writers, standard users, regulation
authorities, industry, etc). When issues arose, priority was given to commonly used terms by energy efficiency
implementers and consistency with other definitions. The terms and definitions included are only those where
full consensus was reached.
This document is the final report of the initial stage, dealing just with key concepts and terms. Future work
may expand the list of terms by including additional definitions where such need arises.
This Technical Report is not a standard and any standardization group has the authority to define its own
terms. However, the definitions in this technical report have already added value to project teams writing
energy management and energy efficiency standards.
Standards writers are strongly recommended to use these terms and definitions.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report defines key terms commonly used in energy management and energy efficiency.
2 Methodology
Terms and definitions were collected from selected documents and organized into concepts and groups. From
this, concepts were agreed and definitions were written. Terms needed in standards under development by
CEN-CENELEC TF 189 and CEN-CENELEC TF 190 were prioritised.
The following documents have been consulted, and followed when it was considered compatible with the
objective of the working group:
ISO 704:2000, Terminology work — Principles and methods;
ISO 1087-1:2000, Terminology work — Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application;
ISO 10241:1992, International terminology standards — Preparation and layout;
ISO 860:2007, Terminology work — Harmonization of concepts and terms.
Support from DIN Terminology department was highly appreciated.
At this stage, only English has been used although a key working rule of the group was that each definition
was accepted if no difficulty for translation was forecast.
NOTE ISO 10241:1992, 5.1.6.1 recommends that terminology work is carried out in all official languages
simultaneously.
Two sets of selected terms have been defined:
from EU directives, terms and their definitions with comments and recommendations;
recommended list of commonly used terms with their definitions.
3 European Directives, terms and definitions
The following directives were reviewed:
Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy
performance of building;
Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end use
efficiency and energy services.
Comments on the directive terms and definitions can be found in Annex C.
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4 Terms and definitions elaborated by group of terms
Diagrams are aimed to highlight the links between concepts and terms using logical blocks
Figure 1 — General Diagram of the different group of terms
4.1 Energy
Figure 2 — Diagram for the “Energy” group of terms
4.1.1
energy
capacity of a system to produce external activity (Max Planck)
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NOTE 1 Commonly, the term “energy” is used for electricity, fuel, steam, heat, compressed air and other like media.
Energy can take a wide variety of forms, for example: chemical energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, electric
energy, gravitational energy, nuclear energy, hydraulic energy, etc.
NOTE 2 The SI unit for energy is joule (J), and for electric energy also watt-hour (Wh).
[EN 16001:2009] with modifications
4.1.2
energy source
source material or natural resource from which energy in a useful form can be extracted or recovered either
directly or by means of energy conversion
[ISO 15615:1997] with modifications
4.1.3
renewable energy source
energy source not depleted by extraction
EXAMPLE Examples of renewable energy sources commonly include wind, solar, geothermal, hydrothermal and
ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, and biogases.
4.1.4
renewable energy
energy from renewable energy sources
4.1.5
non-renewable energy
energy from a source depleted by extraction
EXAMPLE Fossil fuels, uranium.
4.1.6
primary energy
energy that has not been subjected to any conversion process
NOTE Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy. The sum of primary energy from all
energy sources may be called total primary energy.”
4.1.7
energy conversion
transformation of the physical or chemical form of energy
NOTE The term “energy transformation” may be employed in this sense.
4.1.8
secondary energy
energy resulting from energy conversion of primary energy
EXAMPLE Electricity, gasoline, process steam, compressed air.
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4.1.9
cogeneration
simultaneous energy conversion into electric and thermal energy
NOTE 1 In addition, mechanical energy may also be obtained.
NOTE 2 The term “combined heat and power” (CHP) is often used as a synonym, although CHP doesn’t cover
mechanical energy.
[Directive 2006/32]
4.1.10
energy recovery
extraction of unused energy available after completion of a process
4.1.11
energy carrier
substance or phenomenon used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical
processes
[ISO 15615:1997] and [ISO 13600:1997]
4.1.12
final energy
energy as received by an energy-using system
NOTE Final energy may be either primary or secondary energy, or both.
4.2 Energy use and energy consumption
Figure 3 — Diagram for the “Energy use and Energy consumption” group of terms
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4.2.1
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Lighting, ventilation, heating, processes, transport.
NOTE The quantity of the energy applied is expressed as energy consumption.
4.2.2
energy end user
entity consuming final energy
NOTE The energy end user may differ from the customer who might purchase the energy but does not necessarily
use it.
4.2.3
energy demand
necessary supply capacity for the projected level of energy use
NOTE 1 When considering future trends, energy demand is often used in the sense of potential energy consumption.
NOTE 2 Energy demand is often used in the context of supply-demand interaction where demand is not given but
dependent on external factors such as energy prices.
4.2.4
energy using system
physically defined energy consuming item with boundaries, energy input and output
NOTE 1 An energy using system can be a plant, a process, part of a process, a building, a part of a building, a
machine, equipment, a product, etc.
NOTE 2 Boundaries must be clearly delimited.
NOTE 3 Output can be energy, service, product.
4.2.5
energy consumption
amount of energy used
NOTE 1 Although technically incorrect, energy consumption is a widely used term.
NOTE 2 The manner or kind of application of energy is expressed as energy use.
4.2.6
adjustment factor
quantifiable parameter affecting energy consumption
EXAMPLE Weather conditions, behaviour related parameters (indoor temperature, light level) working hours,
production throughput, etc.
4.2.7
energy baseline
energy consumption calculated or measured over a period of time normalized by adjustment factors
NOTE Baseline may be used for calculation of energy saving, as a reference before energy efficiency improvement
action.
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4.2.8
energy saving
reduction of energy consumption following implementation of energy efficiency improvement action(s)
NOTE 1 The reduction is obtained by comparison against the baseline taking into account all adjustment factors.
NOTE 2 Energy savings can be potential following an assessment or actual after implementing an action(s).
4.3 Energy efficiency
Figure 4 — Diagram for the “ Energy efficiency” group of terms
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4.3.1
energy efficiency
ratio between an output of performance, service, goods or energy, and an input of energy
NOTE 1 Both input and output need to be accurately defined in quantity and quality, and be measurable.
NOTE 2 Energy efficiency is commonly used with the meaning of “Optimum Energy Efficiency”, namely: “To operate
(an entity) with minimum energy consumption”.
NOTE 3 Commonly used sense of energy efficiency is doing at least the same with less energy.
4.3.2
energy efficiency policy
statement of intentions and principles in relation to overall energy performance
NOTE 1 The statement is made by an entity, being a public authority or a private organisation.
NOTE 2 The energy efficiency policy provides a framework for the setting and achieving of energy efficiency targets
and actions.
4.3.3
energy efficiency improvement
increase in energy efficiency as a result of technological, behavioural and/or economic changes
4.3.4
energy efficiency mechanism
instrument used to create a supportive framework or incentives for market actors to provide and purchase
energy efficiency services and other energy efficiency improvement measures
NOTE 1 Energy efficiency mechanisms are used by governments or governments bodies.
NOTE 2 This definition is used in the EU legal context (Directive 2006/32).
4.3.5
energy efficiency improvement programme
set of activities focusing on energy end users with the intent of providing energy efficiency improvement that
are verifiable, measurable or estimable.
NOTE In the context of an energy management system, the definition would be, “ action plan specifically aimed at
achieving energy efficiency objectives and targets”.
4.3.6
energy efficiency improvement measure
action normally leading to a verifiable, measurable or estimable energy efficiency improvement
NOTE The term “energy efficiency improvement measure” is generally used in a context of support frameworks. In
other contexts the term “energy efficiency improvement action” is preferable.
4.3.7
energy efficiency improvement action
technical, behavioural or economic change normally leading to a verifiable, measurable or estimable energy
efficiency improvement
NOTE Usually included in an energy efficiency action plan.
4.3.8
energy efficiency indicator
value indicative of the energy efficiency
NOTE Mainly used as a metric in policy evaluation and in macroeconomic studies.
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4.3.9
energy intensity
energy consumption per financial unit of output
EXAMPLE Gigajoule per euro of GDP (gross domestic product); Gigajoule per unit of turn over.
4.3.10
specific energy consumption
energy consumption per physical unit of output
2
EXAMPLE Gigajoule (GJ) per ton of steel, annual kWh per m .
4.3.11
white certificate
tradable official certificate, issued by an authority or an independent certifying body, confirming the claims of
energy savings by an entity consequent on energy efficiency improvement actions
NOTE By 2009, a “white certificate” mechanism has been used by three European countries (Italy, France and
United Kingdom) in three different ways.
4.3.12
rational use of energy
energy use by consumers in a manner best suited to the realization of economic objectives, taking into
account technical, social, political, financial and environmental constraints
4.4 Energy performance
Figure 5 — Diagram for the“ Energy performance ” group of terms
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4.4.1
energy performance
quantified results of an entity’s energy consumption or energy management system
NOTE 1 According to the context, entity can be an organization, a building, a plant, a product etc.
NOTE 2 In the context of energy management systems, results can be measured against the organization’s energy
policy, objectives, targets and other energy performance requirements.
4.4.2
energy performance requirement
level of energy performance that has to be achieved
NOTE Can be expressed by an indicator with a minimum, a maximum or a range as applicable.
4.4.3
energy performance indicator
value indicative of energy performance
NOTE 1 Value can be a ratio, a figure, a rating.
NOTE 2 Value is determined by measurement metering, monitoring, calculation or estimation.
4.4.4
energy performance certificate
documented energy performance recognized by an authority
NOTE 1 An authority can be a government or accredited body.
NOTE 2 For example, In the European Union , the Energy Performance of Building Directive requires most buildings to
have an energy performance certificate.
4.4.5
energy performance contract
arrangement between a customer and a provider of an energy efficiency service where payment is linked to
an agreed level of energy efficiency improvement
NOTE Other agreed performance criteria can be included in the arrangement (i.e. quality criteria).
4.5 Energy management
Figure 6 — Diagram for the“ Energy management ” group of terms
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4.5.1
energy management
coordinated activities directing and controlling the energy use of an entity
4.5.2
energy management system
set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization formulated to establish energy policy and
objectives and to achieve those objectives
NOTE Targets and objectives can include availability, reliability, efficiency, renewable share, competitiveness.
[EN 16001:2009]
4.5.3
energy management programme
action plan specifically aimed at achieving energy objectives and targets
4.5.4
energy manager
person responsible and accountable for energy management and energy efficiency of an entity
NOTE The energy manager should be a person with adequate skills commensurate to the size and complexity of
what is being managed.
4.6 Energy services
Figure 7 — Diagram for “ Energy services ” group of terms
4.6.1
energy services
activities and their results related to the provision and/or use of energy
4.6.2
energy efficiency services
agreed task or tasks designed to lead to an energy efficiency improvement and other agreed performance
criteria
NOTE The agreement can relate to the task and/or to the improvement.
4.6.3
energy service company
entity that delivers energy services
NOTE The definition used for the term ESCO in the Directive 2006/32 actually refers to energy efficiency service
company.
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4.6.4
energy efficiency service company
entity that delivers energy efficiency services
NOTE The definition used for the term ESCO in the Directive 2006/32 refers to energy efficiency service company.
4.6.5
energy audit
systematic inspection and analysis of energy use and energy consumption of a system or organisation with
the objective of identifying energy flows and the potential for energy efficiency improvements
NOTE 1 “Energy audit” is the normal expression in English but can cause confusion when translated due to the word
“audit” having multiple meanings Suitable expressions can be used when translating into other languages, for example:
“diagnosi “ in Italian, “diagnostic” in French.
NOTE 2 An energy audit may include recommendations for energy efficiency improvement actions and a cost-benefit
analysis.
4.7 Energy measurement
Figure 8 — Diagram for “ Energy measurement” group of terms
4.7.1
energy measurement
process of obtaining one or more values that can be attributed to a quantity of energy
NOTE Measurement implies counting and comparison of quantities.
4.7.2
metering
applying a device measuring energy or other consumption
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4.7.3
estimation
process of judging one or more values that can be attributed to a quantity
NOTE Estimation by a suitable experienced professional can provide data of a reasonable accuracy.
4.7.4
monitoring
recording and checking of metered and other data over a period of time
4.7.5
evaluation
comparison of monitored results against targets
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5 Alphabetical index of terms
A
adjustment factor . 4.2.6
C
cogeneration . 4.1.9
E
energy . 4.1.1
energy audit . 4.6.5
energy baseline . 4.2.7
energy carrier . 4.1.11
energy consumption . 4.2.5
energy conversion . 4.1.7
energy demand . 4.2.3
energy efficiency. 4.3.1
energy efficiency improvement. 4.3.3
energy efficiency improvement action . 4.3.7
energy efficiency improvement measure . 4.3.6
energy efficiency improvement programme . 4.3.5
energy efficiency indicator . 4.3.8
energy efficiency mechanism . 4.3.4
energy efficiency policy . 4.3.2
energy efficiency service company . 4.6.4
energy efficiency services . 4.6.2
energy end user . 4.2.2
energy intensity . 4.3.9
energy management . 4.5.1
energy management programme . 4.5.3
energy management system . 4.5.2
energy manager . 4.5.4
energy measurement . 4.7.1
energy performance . 4.4.1
energy performance certificate . 4.4.4
energy performance contract . 4.4.5
energy performance indicator . 4.4.3
energy performance requirement . 4.4.2
energy recovery . 4.1.10
energy saving . 4.2.8
energy service company . 4.6.3
energy services . 4.6.1
energy source . 4.1.2
energy use . 4.2.1
energy using system .
...
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