SIST EN 12977-5:2012
(Main)Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
This European Standard specifies performance test methods for control equipment. Furthermore, this document contains requirements on accuracy, durability and reliability of control equipment.
The tests described in this document are limited to electrically activated components delivered with or for the system by the final supplier. For the purposes of this document controller and control equipment for solar heating systems and auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, are restricted to the following:
a) Controllers as:
1) system clocks, timers and counters;
2) differential thermostats;
3) multi-function controllers.
b) Sensors as:
1) temperature sensors;
2) irradiance sensors (for short wave radiation);
3) pressure sensors;
4) level sensors;
5) flow meters;
6) heat meters.
c) Actuators as:
1) pumps;
2) solenoid and motor valves;
3) relays.
d) Combinations of controllers, sensors and actuators listed above.
An additional objective of the procedures described in this document is to verify control algorithms and, together with the accuracy of sensors, to determine control parameters. In addition to verifying the functioning of a controller, its equipment and actuators, the determined parameters may be used for numerical system simulations.
Typically, electrical anodes are not part of the control equipment and are not controlled by the control equipment. However, because they are electrical appliances, electrical anodes are included in this document.
This document is valid for control equipment of solar heating systems for the purpose of hot water preparation and/or space heating. If the solar system is connected to or part of a conventional heating system, the validity is extended to the entire system. In combination with the standards EN 12976 1, EN 12976 2 as well as FprEN 12977 1, FprEN 12977 2, FprEN 12977 3 and FprEN 12977 4, this document is valid for
e) factory made solar heating systems,
f) small custom built solar heating systems,
g) large custom built solar heating systems,
h) auxiliary heater equipment used in connection with e), f) and g).
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfmethoden für die Regeleinrichtungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt Prüfverfahren für die Beschreibung der Leistung von Regeleinrichtungen fest.
Darüber hinaus enthält das vorliegende Dokument Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit, die Dauerhaftigkeit und
die Zuverlässigkeit von Regeleinrichtungen.
Die in dem vorliegenden Dokument beschriebenen Prüfungen sind auf die vom Endlieferanten mit der oder für
die Anlage gelieferten elektrisch betriebenen Bauteile begrenzt. Für die Anwendung des vorliegenden Dokuments
sind Regler, Reglerzubehör und Regeleinrichtungen für solare Heizungsanlagen und Zusatzheizungen,
sofern diese Bestandteil der Anlage sind, auf folgende beschränkt:
a) Regler, wie z. B.:
1) Systemuhren, Zeitgeber und Zähler,
2) Differenzthermostate,
3) Multifunktionsregler;
b) Messfühler, wie z. B.:
1) Temperaturfühler,
2) Bestrahlungsstärkesensoren (für kurzwellige Strahlung),
3) Drucksensoren,
4) Niveausensoren,
5) Durchflussmesser,
6) Wärmemengenzähler;
c) Stellglieder, wie z. B.:
1) Pumpen,
2) Magnet- und Motorventile,
3) Relais;
d) Kombinationen der vorstehend aufgeführten Regler, Messfühler und Stellglieder sind eingeschlossen.
Ein weiteres Ziel der in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Verfahren besteht darin, die Regelalgorithmen zu
verifizieren und in Verbindung mit der Messfühlergenauigkeit die Regelparameter zu bestimmen. Zusätzlich
zur Verifizierung der Funktionsweise eines Reglers sowie des dazugehörigen Reglerzubehörs und der Stellglieder
können die ermittelten Kennwerte für numerische Anlagensimulationen verwendet werden.
Elektrische Anoden sind üblicherweise nicht Bestandteil der Regeleinrichtungen und werden von diesen auch
nicht geregelt oder gesteuert. Da es sich bei elektrischen Anoden jedoch um elektrische Einrichtungen
handelt, werden sie im vorliegenden Dokument mit einbezogen.
Das vorliegende Dokument gilt für Regeleinrichtungen von solaren Heizungsanlagen, die zur Trinkwassererwärmung
und/oder Raumheizung dienen. Für den Fall, dass die Solaranlage an eine konventionelle
Heizungsanlage angeschlossen oder Bestandteil einer solchen ist, wird die Gültigkeit dieses Dokuments auf
die gesamte Anlage ausgedehnt. In Verbindung mit den Normen EN 12976-1 und EN 12976-2 sowie mit
FprEN 12977-1, FprEN 12977-2, FprEN 12977-3 und FprEN 12977-4 gilt das vorliegende Dokument für:
e) vorgefertigte solare Heizungsanlagen;
f) kleine kundenspezifisch gefertigte solare Heizungsanlagen;
g) große kundenspezifisch gefertigte solare Heizungsanlagen;
h) Zusatzheizeinrichtungen, die in Verbindung mit e), f) und g) eingesetzt werden.
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon - Partie 5 : Méthodes d'essai pour chauffe-eau solaires et installations solaires combinées
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performances des systèmes de régulation. Par ailleurs, le présent document comporte des exigences relatives à la précision, à la durabilité et à la fiabilité des systèmes de régulation.
Les essais décrits sont limités aux composants fonctionnant à l’électricité fournis avec ou pour l’installation par le fournisseur final. Pour les besoins du présent document, le régulateur et les systèmes de régulation des installations de chauffage solaire et des appareils de chauffage d’appoint, s’ils sont intégrés à l’installation, se limitent aux éléments suivants :
a) régulateurs tels que :
1) les horloges, temporisateurs et compteurs de l’installation ;
2) les thermostats différentiels ;
3) les régulateurs multifonctionnels.
b) capteurs tels que :
1) les capteurs de température ;
2) les capteurs d’éclairement énergétique (pour le rayonnement à onde courte) ;
3) les capteurs de pression ;
4) les capteurs de niveau ;
5) les débitmètres ; ou
6) les compteurs de chaleur.
c) actionneurs tels que :
1) les pompes ;
2) les électrovannes et vannes motorisées ; ou
3) les relais.
d) les combinaisons des régulateurs, des capteurs et des actionneurs énumérés ci-dessus.
Les modes opératoires décrits dans le présent document ont également pour objet de vérifier les algorithmes de régulation et, avec la précision des capteurs, de déterminer les paramètres de régulation. Outre les résultats de la vérification du fonctionnement d’un régulateur, de ses équipements et actionneurs, les paramètres déterminés peuvent être utilisés pour des simulations numériques de l’installation.
Les anodes électriques types ne font pas partie du système de régulation et ne sont pas contrôlées par le système de régulation. Cependant, du fait qu’elles constituent un appareil électrique, les anodes électriques sont incluses dans le présent document.
Le présent document s’applique aux systèmes de régulation des installations de chauffage solaire destinées à la production d’eau chaude et/ou au chauffage des locaux. Si l’installation solaire est raccordée à ou fait partie d’une installation de chauffage conventionnelle, la validité est élargie à toute l’installation. En combinaison avec les normes EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 ainsi que les EN 12977 1, EN 12977 2, EN 12977 3 et EN 12977 4, le présent document est valide pour :
e) les installations de chauffage solaire de série ;
f) les petites installations de chauffage solaire assemblées à façon ;
g) les grandes installations de chauffage solaire assemblées à façon ; et
h) les appareils de chauffage d’appoint utilisés en liaison avec e), f) et g).
NOTE Installations de chauffage solaire de série et assemblées à façon.
Toplotni sončni sistemi in sestavni deli - Neserijsko izdelani sistemi - 5. del: Preskusne metode delovanja kontrolnih naprav
Preskusi, opisani v tem dokumentu, so omejeni na električne sestavne dele, ki jih končni dobavitelj dobavi s sistemom ali zanj. Za namene tega dokumenta so krmilniki in kontrolne naprave za sončne ogrevalne sisteme in pomožne grelnike, če so del sistema, omejeni na: a) Krmilnike: 1) sistemske ure, časovniki in števci; 2) diferenčni termostati; 3) večfunkcijski krmilniki. b) Senzorje: 1) temperaturni senzorji; 2) senzorji za obsevanost (za kratkovalovno sevanje); 3) tlačni senzorji; 4) nivojski senzorji; 5) merilniki pretoka; 6) merilniki toplote. c) Aktivatorje: 1) črpalke; 2) elektromagnetni in motorni ventili; 3) releji. d) Kombinacije naštetih krmilnikov, senzorjev in aktivatorjev. Postopki, opisani v tem dokumentu, so namenjeni tudi za preverjanje kontrolnih algoritmov in, skupaj z natančnostjo senzorjev, za določanje kontrolnih parametrov. Določeni parametri se poleg uporabe za preverjanje delovanja krmilnika, njegove opreme in aktivatorjev lahko uporabljajo za numerične simulacije sistema. Električne anode običajno niso del kontrolnih naprav, pri čemer jih te naprave ne upravljajo. Ker pa so anode električne naprave, so vseeno vključene v ta dokument.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfmethoden für die RegeleinrichtungenInstallations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon - Partie 5 : Méthodes d'essai pour chauffe-eau solaires et installations solaires combinéesThermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment91.140.65Oprema za ogrevanje vodeWater heating equipment91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systems27.160Solar energy engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12977-5:2012SIST EN 12977-5:2012en,fr,de01-julij-2012SIST EN 12977-5:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 12977-5:20101DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12977-5
April 2012 ICS 27.160 Supersedes CEN/TS 12977-5:2010English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 5: Performance test methods for control equipment
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assemblées à façon - Partie 5: Méthodes d'essai pour chauffe-eau solaires et installations solaires combinées
Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 5: Prüfverfahren für die Regeleinrichtungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 February 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12977-5:2012: ESIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51Scope .62Normative references .73Terms and definitions .84Symbols and abbreviations .95Controller classification (including equipment classification) .95.1Controller .95.2Sensor . 105.3Actuator . 106Requirements . 116.1General requirements . 116.2Controllers, system clocks, timers and counters . 126.3Sensors . 126.4Indicators . 156.5Actuators . 156.6Initial operation and commissioning . 166.7Documentation . 167Testing of sensors . 177.1General . 177.2Testing of temperature sensors . 177.3Testing of solar irradiance sensors . 217.4Testing of further sensors and measuring equipment . 258Testing of system clocks, timers and counters . 258.1General . 258.2Test equipment . 258.3Installation of system clocks, timers and counters . 258.4Test procedure . 268.5Data processing and evaluation . 269Function testing of simple differential thermostats . 279.1General . 279.2Test equipment . 279.3Installation of differential thermostats and/or sensors . 299.4Test procedure . 2910Function testing of multi-function controllers . 3110.1General . 3110.2Principle of multi-function controller testing . 3210.3Intellectual property of the manufacturer . 3210.4Test facility for multi-function controller testing . 3210.5Preliminary steps when using a test facility provided with an input/output emulator . 3410.6Test procedure . 3710.7Data acquisition and processing . 3911Testing of actuators and additional control equipment . 4011.1General . 4011.2Determination of the electric power consumption of actuators and further components . 4011.3Measuring the electric power of pumps with varying power consumption . 40SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 3 12Documentation . 4012.1General . 4012.2General information . 4012.3Marking . 4012.4Information for the installer, assembly and installation . 4112.5Information for the user, operation and maintenance . 4113Test report . 42Annex A (informative)
Testing the electrical supply voltage dependence of control equipment . 43A.1General . 43A.2Test equipment . 43A.3Test procedure . 43A.4Data processing . 44Bibliography . 45 Figures Figure 1 — Elevation of an oven-arrangement to test temperature sensor accuracy, high-temperature resistance and differential thermostat functions . 18Figure 2 — Example of a simulation box for testing differential thermostats of solar heating systems . 28Figure 3 — Schematic of a controller test facility including an input/output emulator . 34Figure 4 — Flow chart of steps when using a test facility provided with an input/output emulator according to Figure 3 . 35 Tables Table 1 — Classification of controllers for solar heating systems . 9Table 2 — Common sensors for solar heating systems . 10Table 3 — Most common actuators for solar heating systems . 10Table 4 — Accuracy of system clocks, timers and counters . 12Table 5 — Accuracy requirements of temperature sensors for solar heating systems . 13Table 6 — Requirements of high-temperature resistance of temperature sensors . 13Table 7 — Climate test conditions for solar irradiance sensors capability to resist to high irradiance . 14Table 8 — Climate test conditions for solar irradiance sensors capability to resist to high surrounding temperatures . 14Table 9 — Accuracy requirements for solar irradiance sensors . 14Table 10 — Total maximum electrical power of the pump(s) . 15Table 11 — Temperatures to be used for the accuracy test . 20Table 12 — Minimum climate test conditions for exposure and for external shock test . 23Table 13 — Irradiance levels to test the accuracy of solar irradiance sensors . 24Table 14 — Examples of control algorithms and corresponding test sequences for multi-function controllers . 38 SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12977-5:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 12977-5:2010. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 5 Introduction One purpose of this document is to define how to check that a controller is behaving as it is intended when in combination with associated equipment (e.g. sensors, pumps and other actuators). In addition, function testing of differential thermostats and so-called "multi-function" controllers are described in order to determine switch on and switch off temperature differentials as well as control algorithms where dependent on temperature differences, temperature levels or operating conditions of the system. For all functions and operations, it should be tested and documented, whether the controller and control equipment comply with the manufacturer's guidance.
In addition, the capability for all sensors to resist extreme operating conditions and to determine any significant drift in accuracy caused by this should be tested. The energy consumption of the controller and the associated control equipment should be documented, e.g. actuators. If the electrical supply is different from the mains supply this should be documented, e.g. PV powered pumps. Performance predictions for the associated system that the control equipment belongs to are considered. For the determination of the component parameters according to the CTSS method, as specified in EN 12977-2, a detailed investigation of all relevant algorithms, features and parameters controlling the system is relevant.
NOTE The most widely used control equipment for solar heating systems is described in EN 12977-5. For control equipment not widely used in solar heating systems or auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, accompanying standards should be applied if available.
In respect of potential adverse effects to human health or life (e.g. drinking water quality) caused by the products covered by EN 12977-5 it should be noted that: this document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as EN 12977-1, EN 12977-2, EN 12977-3, and EN 12977-4 distinguish two categories of solar heating systems:
1) factory made solar heating systems;
2) custom built solar heating systems.
As defined in EN 12977-1, the classification of a system as factory made or custom built is a choice of the final supplier. Custom built solar heating systems are subdivided into two categories: i) large custom built systems are uniquely designed for a specific situation. ii) small custom built systems offered by a company are described in a so-called assortment file, in which all components and possible system configurations, marketed by the company, are specified; SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies performance test methods for control equipment. Furthermore, this document contains requirements on accuracy, durability and reliability of control equipment. The tests described in this document are limited to electrically activated components delivered with or for the system by the final supplier. For the purposes of this document controller and control equipment for solar heating systems and auxiliary heaters, if part of the system, are restricted to the following: a) Controllers as: 1) system clocks, timers and counters; 2) differential thermostats; 3) multi-function controllers. b) Sensors as: 1) temperature sensors; 2) irradiance sensors (for short wave radiation); 3) pressure sensors; 4) level sensors; 5) flow meters; 6) heat meters. c) Actuators as: 1) pumps; 2) solenoid and motor valves; 3) relays. d) Combinations of controllers, sensors and actuators listed above. An additional objective of the procedures described in this document is to verify control algorithms and, together with the accuracy of sensors, to determine control parameters. In addition to verifying the functioning of a controller, its equipment and actuators, the determined parameters may be used for numerical system simulations. Typically, electrical anodes are not part of the control equipment and are not controlled by the control equipment. However, because they are electrical appliances, electrical anodes are included in this document. SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 7 This document is valid for control equipment of solar heating systems for the purpose of hot water preparation and/or space heating. If the solar system is connected to or part of a conventional heating system, the validity is extended to the entire system. In combination with the standards EN 12976-1, EN 12976-2 as well as EN 12977-1, EN 12977-2, EN 12977-3 and EN 12977-4, this document is valid for e) factory made solar heating systems, f) small custom built solar heating systems, g) large custom built solar heating systems, h) auxiliary heater equipment used in connection with e), f) and g). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1151-1, Pumps — Rotodynamic pumps — Circulation pumps having a rated power input not exceeding 200 W for heating installations and domestic hot water installations — Part 1: Non-automatic circulation pumps, requirements, testing, marking EN 12975-2, Thermal solar systems and components — Solar collectors — Part 2: Test methods EN 12976-1:2006, Thermal solar systems and components — Factory made systems — Part 1: General requirements EN 12977-1:2012, Thermal solar systems and components — Custom built systems — Part 1: General requirements for solar water heaters and combisystems EN 60038, CENELEC standard voltages (IEC 60038) EN 60255 (all parts), Measuring relays and protection equipment (IEC 60255, all parts) EN 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60335-1) EN 60335-2-21, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 2-21: Particular requirements for storage water heaters (IEC 60335-2-21) EN 60730 (all parts), Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use (IEC 60730, all parts) EN 62305-3, Protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard (IEC 62305-3) EN ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413) EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy — Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999) ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation
ISO/TR 9901, Solar energy — Field pyranometers — Recommended practice for use ISO 15218, Pneumatic fluid power — 3/2 solenoid valves — Mounting interface surfaces SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12976-1:2006, EN 12977-1:2012, EN ISO 9488:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 actuator component or device designed to perform actions to operate a solar heating system or auxiliary heating system according to signals from the control equipment Note 1 to entry: For classification, see Table 3. 3.2 control equipment assortment complete list of components (controller, sensors, actuators), which a company offers to control a solar heating system, including auxiliary heater control equipment, if the auxiliary heater is part of the solar heating system
3.3 controller device to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary heater(s) Note 1 to entry: For classification, see Table 1. 3.4 pump any device capable of circulating liquid 3.5 reference device/measurement device or measurement which control equipment under test or measured quantities are referred or compared to 3.6 sensor device to measure physical (or chemical) qualities/properties
Note 1 to entry: With respect to solar heating systems, temperature, irradiance, flow/circulation, pressure and level sensors are most common. Note 2 to entry: For classification see Table 2. SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 9 4 Symbols and abbreviations G hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor, in watts per square metre; t time, in seconds. vair surrounding air speed, in metres per second; ∆ϑhyst hysteresis, difference between ON- and OFF-temperature difference for switching an actuator, in Kelvin; ϑamb ambient or surrounding air temperature, in degrees Celsius; ϑmax maximum (allowed) temperature of a temperature sensor, in degrees Celsius; ϑref reference temperature, in degrees Celsius; ϑstart start temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in degrees Celsius; ϑstop stop temperature, e.g. of pump in solar collector circuit, in degrees Celsius; ϑstore temperature of the storage tank for heated water, in degrees Celsius; 5 Controller classification (including equipment classification) 5.1 Controller Control devices designed to control a solar heating system, sometimes in connection/combination with auxiliary heaters are classified according Table 1. Table 1 — Classification of controllers for solar heating systems
Controller C1 System clock, timer and counter Controlling the operation of one or more actuators by means of real or relative time. Timers and counters might be connected to different kinds of sensors influencing their behaviour by superposition of the commands. Beside time intervals counter might count and sum up events or quantities. C2 Differential thermostat Control of one or more actuators by means of a temperature difference between two temperature sensors. In most cases, a hysteresis between switching ON and OFF is present. Differential controllers are sometimes used with other signals, e.g. solar irradiation, pressure or level sensors. C3 Multi-function controller Controller designed to control one or more actuators based on measured quantities delivered by different kinds of sensors, real time or relative time and/or control concepts including specific control algorithms.
With regard to this document multi-function controllers are used to control and operate a solar heating system, and may also control a combination of hot water preparation, space heating, heat distribution or any kind of back-up heating. Multi-function controllers may use more than one differential algorithm in one unit or at least one operation is caused by more than a simple differential algorithm. If a device operates its output(s) depending on more than one (temperature) difference or not simply in an ON/OFF mode, then a controller incorporating such differential algorithm (thermostat) should be treated as a multi-function controller. If this is not the case, the unit shall be treated as a differential thermostat.
SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 10 5.2 Sensor Typical sensors used for controllers listed in Table 1 are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 — Common sensors for solar heating systems
Sensor S1 Temperature sensor Sensing of temperatures of different parts in the system. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or accessory measuring device determination of temperatures, e.g. in degrees Celsius.
S2 Irradiance sensor Instrument measuring the hemispherical solar irradiance in the plane of the radiation sensor within a spectral range of approx. 0,3 µm to 3 µm. To control a (solar) heating system irradiance sensors and accessory control equipment might have special designs to meet the specific requirements to solar energy utilization. With respect to this document both, irradiance sensors with thermoelectric sensor and irradiance sensors based on the photoelectrical effect are included. Supplementary photocells or other devices used to measure the solar irradiance are treated equate to solar irradiance sensor. S3 Flow/circulation sensors Sensing of the flow/circulation of a fluid. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or accessory measuring device determination of the volume and/or mass flow. S4 Pressure sensor Sensing of absolute or relative pressure. In connection with the electronic layout of a controller or accessory measuring device determination of absolute pressure or pressure differences. S5 Level sensor Sensing of the level of a fluid within a vessel or a store. NOTE 1 The controller or accessory-measuring devices shall enable the conversion of sensor signals to values suitable to serve as control criterion for functioning and supervising of the system. NOTE 2 Values serving as control criterion should be displayed by a control device or, at least, a read back of data should be possible. NOTE 3 If other physical quantities or conditions than listed under S1, S2, S3, S4 or S5 are measured, the use of those sensors and the data processing might be in a similar manner to S1, S2, S3, S4 or S5.
5.3 Actuator Table 3 gives a selection of the most common actuators that can be found in solar heating systems. Table 3 — Most common actuators for solar heating systems
Actuator A1 Pump Device to circulate a heat transfer medium and/or water in a forced-circulation system, e.g. a collector circuit, a circuit for space heating/cooling and/or hot water preparation. A2 Solenoid and motor valve Electric driven device to start and/or to stop flow/circulation as well as to join, divide and/or to divert flow streams. A3 Relay / Contactor Device to connect and/or to switch electrical loads and/or actuators, e.g. when using a low-level signal (voltage and/or current) of a controller to start and stop a high voltage/power pump.
SIST EN 12977-5:2012
EN 12977-5:2012 (E) 11 6 Requirements 6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 Basic principles Any part of the control equipment has to be suitable for the application it is applied to and also suitable for all relevant conditions. Any part of the control equipment mounted outdoors shall be resistant to UV radiation and ozone. For indoor and outdoor mounted control equipment, harmful impact and mechanical damage, e.g. caused by birds or rodents and other operating
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