TC 101 - Electrostatics

IEC 61340-4-9:2024 provides test methods for measuring the electrical resistance of garments used for static control applications. These test methods can be used for evaluating outer garments that are homogenously conductive or homogeneously dissipative, or that utilize surface conductive or surface dissipative components or elements.
NOTE It is possible that the test methods defined in this document will not be able to measure materials with buried conductive layers.
This third edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) IEC 61010-1 and IEC 61010-2-030 added as requirements for measurement equipment;
b) testing voltage range for personnel ground path changed from "7 V DC to 30 V DC" to "7 V DC to 100 V DC";
c) cleaning requirements changed from a minimum of five cycles of cleaning to a minimum of three cycles of cleaning;
d) moderate humidity requirements deleted;
e) figures replaced with generic drawings.

IEC 61340-6-1:2018 applies to facilities that provide healthcare including hospitals, care centres and clinics. This document provides technical requirements and recommendations for controlling electrostatic phenomena in healthcare facilities, which includes requirements for equipment, materials, and products used to control static electricity. The requirements of this document do not apply to medical electrical equipment specified in IEC 60601-1 and in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment specified in IEC 61010‑2‑101.

IEC 61340-5-1:2024 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM). Also, protection from isolated conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS with lower withstand voltages can require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this document. This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 provides guidance on the implementation of this document. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases, and powders. The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the “program”). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definitions have been added to the document;
b) updates to product qualification requirements;
c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems;
d) Table 2 was replaced;
e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is;
f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor;
g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for compliance verification testing;
h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include requirements for compliance verification of packaging;
i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of tailoring.

IEC TS 61340-6-2:2023 applies to the interior design of public places, retail and office areas such as, but not limited to staircases, offices, meeting rooms, auditoriums, airports, train stations, shopping centres, restaurants and theatres. This document includes guidelines for architects, interior designers and facility managers.
Hazards, nuisances and other problems associated with electrostatic phenomena and the principles of their control are outlined. This document includes requirements and recommendations for materials, and products used to control static electricity.
The handling of electrostatic sensitive components is described in IEC 61340-5-1 and the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity in explosive atmospheres is presented in IEC TS 60079-32-1. The requirements for electrostatic control in healthcare facilities are specified in IEC 61340-6-1. The guidance in this document is not intended to replace or supersede the requirements of the aforementioned standards and technical specification, but can be used in association with them to establish appropriate electrostatic control measures.
These guidelines do not replace or supersede any requirements for personnel safety specified in other standards or codes of practice.

IEC PAS 61340-5-6:2022 describe a set of methodologies, techniques, and tools that can be used to characterize a process where ESD sensitive (ESDS) items are handled. The process assessment covers risks by charged personnel, ungrounded conductors, charged ESDS items, and ESDS items in an electrostatic field. This document applies to activities that manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive items, flammable liquids, or powders. The document does not address program management, compliance verification, troubleshooting, or program manager/coordinator certification. In this version of the document, risks due to electromagnetic sources that produce AC fields are not considered.

IEC 61340-2-1:2015 describes test methods for measuring the rate of dissipation of static charge of insulating and static dissipative materials and products. It includes a generic description of test methods and detailed test procedures for specific applications. The two test methods for measuring charge decay time, one using corona charging and one using a charged metal plate are different and may not give equivalent results. Nevertheless, each method has a range of applications for which it is best suited. The corona charging method is suitable for evaluating the ability of materials, e.g. textiles, packaging, etc., to dissipate charge from their own surfaces. The charged metal plate method is suitable for evaluating the ability of materials and objects such as gloves, finger cots, hand tools, etc. to dissipate charge from conductive objects placed on or in contact with them. The charged plate method may not be suitable for evaluating the ability of materials to dissipate charge from their own surfaces. In addition to its general application, this horizontal standard is also intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the first edition supported requirements in IEC TR 61340-5-1, but with the revision of IEC TR 61340-5-1 into an International Standard, this support is no longer required; references to IEC 61340-5-1 have been removed;
b) the introduction gives additional information on when charge decay time measurements are appropriate, and the applications for which each of the two test methods are best suited;
c) procedures for performance verification of measuring instruments for the corona charging method have been added. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.

IEC 61340-5-3:2022 defines the ESD protective packaging properties required to protect ESD sensitive devices (ESDSs) through all phases of production, rework and maintenance, transport and storage. Test methods are referenced to evaluate packaging and packaging materials for these product and material properties. Performance limits are provided.
This document does not address protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic pulsing (EMP) or protection of electrically initiated explosive materials or devices.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) reference to IEC 61340-4-10 was removed;
b) material resistance property "electrostatic field shielding" was removed;
c) the requirement for electrostatic discharge shielding was changed from 50 nJ to 20 nJ;
d) Table 1 – footnote "b" was changed to mention the two-point probe in IEC 61340-2-3;
e) "shall be marked" was changed to "should be marked" in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3;
f) Table 3 – the classification symbol and the primary function code F was removed;
g) Table A.2 – references to IEC TS 61340-5-4 [2] and IEC TR 61340-5-5 [3] were added;
h) Annex C – guidance regarding electric field shielding was added;
i) Annex D – low charging material property was added.

IEC TS 61340-5-4:2021(E) describes compliance verification testing for technical items that are included in ESD control programs, such as those specified in IEC 61340-5-1.
Test methods are based on those specified in IEC 61340-5-1 and other parts of the IEC 61340 series, and are simplified where necessary for the purposes of compliance verification, to be performed by competent personnel.
Users can, by reference to this document in their compliance verification plan, adopt the necessary test methods described herein without change or addition. Alternatively, test methods described in this document can be adapted to match the requirements of their own ESD control program, provided deviations in equipment or procedure are documented in their compliance verification plan.
Compliance verification test frequency is not specified in this document. Guidance on how users can consider compliance verification test frequency is given in informative Annex A.
Product qualification is excluded from the scope of this document.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TR 61340-5-4 published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TR 61340­5-4:
test methods in the main body of the document have been made normative, and consequently normative references have been added;
the term "ESD ground" has been added and defined;
description of equipment for measuring low resistance has been added;
user specified electrodes, including surface resistance bar electrodes, are permitted to be used for resistance measurements;
an informative annex on verification of compliance verification test equipment has been added;
compliance verification of person-footwear-flooring systems by measuring body voltage has been moved to an informative annex.

IEC/TR 61340-1:2012 describes the fundamental principles of electrostatic phenomena including charge generation, retention and dissipation and electrostatic discharges. Methods for measuring electrostatic phenomena and related properties of materials are described in a general way. Hazards and problems associated with electrostatic phenomena and principles of their control are outlined. Useful applications of electrostatic effects are summarized. The purpose of this technical report is to serve as a reference for the development of electrostatics related standards, and to provide guidance for their end-users. The contents of the corrigendum of March 2013 and the corrigendum 2 of December 2017 have been included in this copy.

IEC TR 61340-5-5:2018(E) discusses packaging material requirements for electrostatic discharge sensitive items (ESDS) as well as non–ESDS which can apply to packaging materials such as embossed carrier tape, trays, tubes (stick magazines), rails and others used in back end line processing and parts handling where test methods described in other standards are, for the most part, inadequate. Issues related to electrostatic charge generation, electrostatic attraction and repulsion are included. The recommendations and discussions within this document can also be applicable to other types of packaging that cannot be evaluated by other means.
This document discusses the issues related to
1) technical considerations for packaging material selection and packaging system design,
2) packaging material specifications for electrostatic control,
3) existing test methods and their limitations for packaging materials,
4) suggestions for the evaluation of small dimension packaging materials, and
5) industry common practices.

ISO 20615:2018 This document specifies a method for determining the electrostatic charging propensity of fibre ropes by measuring the surface potential generated by tribocharging.
This document is not intended to be used to evaluate the safety of ropes for use in explosive atmospheres as safety also depends on application conditions.
The test method described in this document is only applicable to fibre ropes of diameter between 12 mm and 20 mm.
The result obtained using this test method is valid only for the charging mechanism and parameters described in the test method. Charging can be different in end-use applications.

IEC TR 61340-5-2:2018, which has been developed to support IEC 61340-5-1, applies to activities that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V HBM, 200 V CDM and 35 V for isolated conductors. Additional control elements or adjusted limits can be applicable for ESDS with lower withstand voltages. This second edition of IEC TR 61340-5-2 has been modified to provide guidance for users of IEC 61340-5-1:2016. The text has been arranged to follow the requirements of IEC 61340‑5‑1:2016 as closely as possible as well as providing specific guidance on each of the requirements of IEC 61340-5-1:2016.

IEC 61340-4-4:2018 specifies requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC) between 0,25 m3 and 3 m3 in volume, intended for use in hazardous explosive atmospheres. The explosive atmosphere can be created by the contents in the FIBC or can exist outside the FIBC. The requirements include:
– classification and labelling of FIBC;
– classification of inner liners;
– specification of test methods for each type of FIBC, inner liner, labels and document pockets;
– design and performance requirements for FIBC, inner liners, labels and document pockets;
– safe use of FIBC (including those with inner liners) within different zones defined for explosion endangered environments, described for areas where combustible dusts are, or can be, present (IEC 60079-10-2), and for explosive gas atmospheres (IEC 60079-10-1);
– procedures for type qualification and certification of FIBC, including the safe use of inner liners. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2012, and Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) in light of experimental evidence, the maximum resistance to ground limit for Type C FIBC, and corresponding resistance limits for inner liners used in Type C FIBC has been increased from 10 M ohms to 100 M ohms;
b) the classification of Type L1 inner liners has been revised and extended to include Type L1C inner liners made from multi-layer materials with a conductive internal layer;
c) a labelling requirement to include a reference to IEC TS 60079-32-1 for guidance on earthing has been added.

IEC 61340-4-5:2018 specifies test methods for evaluating electrostatic protection provided by a system of footwear and flooring in combination with a person. Test results are valid only for the specific footwear and flooring combination tested. The test methods are not intended for individual product qualification purposes. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) normative references have been updated;
b) Figure 2 has been improved and expanded to include actual examples of body voltage recordings, and text has been added to explain how to interpret recordings;
c) an alternative walking pattern has been added in an informative annex.

IEC 61340-4-3:2017 describes a test method for determining the electrical resistance of footwear (shoes, slippers or booties) used in the control of electrostatic potential on people. This document is suitable for use by the manufacturer of footwear as well as the end user. A method for measuring the electrical resistance of footwear alone is described and serves as a qualification test or an acceptance test for new footwear, or as a periodic test of in-use footwear.
Although this document does not include requirements for personal safety, footwear used within the scope of this document in all places of work is regulated by the relevant local statutory requirements regarding the health and safety of all persons.
Insulating footwear is not included within the scope of this document although the electrical resistance measurement techniques can be applicable.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) classification of footwear as electrostatic conductive or electrostatic dissipative has been removed – classification is not specified;
b) environmental classes for laboratory testing have been removed – one set of conditions for pre-conditioning, conditioning and testing is specified;
c) reference to IEC 61340-2-3 for measuring the resistance of the counter electrode inserted inside footwear has been removed.

IEC 61340-4-7:2017 provides test methods and procedures for evaluating and selecting air ionization equipment and systems (ionizers).
This document establishes measurement techniques, under specified conditions, to determine offset voltage (ion balance) and decay (charge neutralization) time for ionizers. This document does not include measurements of electromagnetic interference (EMI), or the use of ionizers in connection with ordnance, flammables, explosive items or electrically initiated explosive devices. As contained in this document, the test methods and test conditions can be used by manufacturers of ionizers to provide performance data describing their products. Users of ionizers are urged to modify the test methods and test conditions for their specific application in order to qualify ionizers for use, or to make periodic verifications of ionizer performance. The user will decide the extent of the data required for each application. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the use of contacting plate voltage measurements in addition to the previous non-contacting plate voltage measurements has been added. Charged plate monitors (CPMs) using this technology have been in use in the industry for many years.

IEC 61340-2-3:2016 describes test methods for the determination of the electrical resistance and resistivity of solid materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation, in which the measured resistance is in the range 10K Ohm to 1T Ohm. It takes account of existing IEC/ISO standards and other published information, and gives recommendations and guidelines on the appropriate method. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) a distinction has been introduced between instrumentation used for laboratory evaluations, instrumentation used for acceptance testing and instrumentation used for compliance verification (periodic testing);
b) an alternative electrode assembly is described, which can be used on non-planar products or when the dimensions of the product under test are too small to allow the larger electrode assembly to be used;
c) the formulae for calculating surface and volume resistivity have been modified to correspond with common industry practice in the main areas of application for the IEC 61340 series.
The contents of the corrigendum of July 2023 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61340-5-1:2016 applies to activities that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V HBM, 200 V CDM and 35 V for isolated conductors. ESDS with lower withstand voltages may require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this standard. This standard provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 [9] provides guidance on the implementation of this standard. This standard does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases and powders. The purpose of this standard is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the "program"). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Technical requirements were changed to align IEC 61340-5-1 with other industry ESD standards;
b) Reference documents were updated to reflect newly released IEC standards;
c) A section on product qualification was added;
d) Table 4 was deleted and detailed packaging requirements were deferred to IEC 61340-5-3;
e) Clause A.1 was removed and is now included in IEC 61340-4-6.
The contents of the corrigendum of May 2017 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61340-4-9:2016 provides test methods for evaluating the electrical resistance of garments that contain surface conductive or dissipative components or materials used in the electronics industry for the control of electrostatic discharge. This standard defines procedures for measuring electrical resistance, including a system resistance test for garments that provide a ground path for personnel. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) classification of three types of garments
- static control garments,
- groundable static control garments, and
- groundable static control garment system;
b) additional measurements according to the the garment type including cuff measurements, panel to groundable point, testing with a person in the garment system;
c) sleeve to sleeve measurements allowed with probes or by hanging;
d) additional recommended values for new garment types as set out in Annex A.

ISO 18080-1:2015 specifies a test method using corona charging with measurement of the impressed peak voltage and charge decay time on specimens of fabric or all types of composition and construction. The test methods described may not be suitable for evaluating garments and garment materials in relation to safety of personnel and protection of electrostatic discharge sensitive devices.

ISO 18080-2:2015 specifies a test method using rotary mechanical friction with measurement of the friction-charged electrostatic potential on specimens of fabric. The test method is suitable for fabrics of all types of composition and construction that are capable of withstanding frictional charging. Some fabrics, e.g. fabrics of low strength or loose construction, may not be physically capable of withstanding the mechanical friction used in this test method or may give false results. In such cases, the test method described in ISO 18080-1 can be used to evaluate electrostatic propensity. The test method described may not be suitable for evaluating garments and garment materials in relation to safety of personnel and protection of electrostatic discharge sensitive devices.

ISO 18080-3:2015 specifies a test method using manual friction with measurement of frictional charge density on specimens of fabric. The test method is suitable for fabrics of all types of composition and construction that are capable of withstanding frictional charging. Some fabrics, e.g. fabrics of low strength or loose construction, may not be physically capable of withstanding the manual friction used in this test method or may give false results. In such cases, the test method described in ISO 18080-1 can be used to evaluate electrostatic propensity. The test method described may not be suitable for evaluating garments and garment materials in relation to safety of personnel and protection of electrostatic discharge sensitive devices.

ISO 18080-4:2015 specifies a test method using horizontal mechanical friction with measurement of friction-charged electrostatic potential on specimens of fabric and the time for that potential to decay. The test method is suitable for fabrics of all types of composition and construction that are capable of withstanding frictional charging. Some fabrics, e.g. fabrics of low strength or loose construction, may not be physically capable of withstanding the manual friction used in this test method or may give false results. In such cases, the test method described in ISO 18080-1 can be used to evaluate electrostatic propensity. The test method described may not be suitable for evaluating garments and garment materials in relation to safety of personnel and protection of electrostatic discharge sensitive devices.

IEC 61340-5-3:2015 defines the ESD protective packaging properties needed to protect electrostatic discharge sensitive devices (ESDS) through all phases of production, rework/maintenance, transport and storage. Test methods are referenced to evaluate packaging and packaging materials for these product and material properties. Performance limits are provided. This standard does not address protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic pulsing (EMP) or protection of volatile materials. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) removal of all references to ANSI/ESD STM11.13, replaced by normative reference IEC 61340-4-10;
b) additional notes added to Table 1;
c) addition of a new Table 3 related to the "ESD classification symbol" and the "primary function code".

IEC 61340-4-6:2015 provides electrical and mechanical test methods and performance limits for evaluation, acceptance and periodic verification testing of wrist straps. This standard is intended for testing wrist straps and wrist strap systems used for the grounding of personnel engaged in working with ESD sensitive assemblies and devices. It does not address constant monitoring systems. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) editorial comments made during the review of the first edition were reviewed and incorporated where appropriate;
b) several changes were made to update the Figures and improve the presentation of metric measurements (Imperial measurements have been removed);
c) the option of using an integrated checker for wrist strap system continuity testing has been added;
d) the evaluation and acceptance limit for wrist strap resistance has been changed so as to harmonize with IEC 61340-5-1.

IEC 61340-4-8:2014 provides a test method for evaluating the performance of electrostatic discharge shielding bags tested according to the requirements of IEC 61340-5-3. The design voltage for the test apparatus is 1 000 V d.c. The test method presented in this standard can also be applied to packaging other than shielding bags. The purpose of this standard is to ensure that testing laboratories who use this test method to evaluate a given packaging material will obtain similar results. This standard does not address protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic pulsing (EMP) nor protection against volatile materials. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) modification to the title to include the word "Electrostatic" before discharge shielding";
b) removal of normative references ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and ASTM D-257-78 and replaced by normative references IEC 61340-3-1 and IEC 60093;
c) new normative reference to IEC 61340-5-3 added, because the requirement for shielding bags have been included in this standard;
d) imperial units have been removed.

IEC 61340-4-4:2012 specifies requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC) between 0,25 m3 and 3 m3 in volume, intended for use in hazardous explosive atmospheres. The explosive atmosphere may be created by the contents in the FIBC or may exist outside the FIBC. The requirements include:
- classification and labelling of FIBC;
- classification of inner liners;
- specification of test methods for each type of FIBC and inner liner;
- design and performance requirements for FIBC and inner liners;
- safe use of FIBC (including those with inner liners) within different zones defined for explosion endangered environments, described for areas where combustible dusts are, or may be, present (IEC 60079-10-2), and for explosive gas atmospheres (IEC 60079-10-1);
- procedures for type qualification and certification of FIBC, including the safe use of inner liners.
The requirements of this standard are applicable to all types of FIBC and inner liners, tested as manufactured, prior to use and intended for use in hazardous explosive atmospheres: Zones 1 and 2 (Groups IIA and IIB only) and Zones 21 and 22. For some types of FIBC, the requirements of this standard apply only to use in hazardous explosive atmospheres with minimum ignition energy of 0,14 mJ or greater and where charging currents do not exceed 3,0 μA. Compliance with the requirements specified in this standard does not necessarily ensure that hazardous electrostatic discharges, e.g. cone discharges, will not be generated by the contents in FIBC. Compliance with the requirements of this standard does not mitigate the need for full risk assessment. For example, metal and other conductive powders and toner powders may require additional precautions to prevent hazardous discharges from the powders. Test methods included in this standard may be used in association with other performance requirements, for example when a risk assessment has shown the minimum ignition energy of concern is less than 0,14 mJ, charging currents are greater than 3,0 μA, or the ambient conditions are outside of the range specified in this standard. Compliance with the requirements specified in this standard does not necessarily ensure that electric shocks to personnel will not occur from FIBC during normal use. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2005, and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the first edition are listed below:
a) Adoption of a type classification system for FIBC based on four types: A, B, C and D.
b) Guidance for safe use of FIBC in relation to hazardous areas and hazardous zones defined in IEC 60079-10-1 and IEC 60079-10-2 is added.
c) Resistance to groundable points and electrical breakdown voltage measurements on FIBC shall be measured at low humidity only.
d) Requirements for labelling FIBC are changed to improve clarity and ease of recognition by end users.
e) Classification, performance requirements and guidance for safe use of inner liners in combination with FIBC are added.
f) An informative annex giving guidance on test methods for quality control and inspection testing is added.

IEC/TS 61340-4-2:2013 describes test methods and procedures that can be used to evaluate the electrostatic charging and discharging propensity, field suppression properties and charge dissipation properties of garments and materials from which garments are constructed.

IEC 61340-5-3:2010 defines the ESD protective packaging properties needed to protect electrostatic discharge sensitive devices (ESDS) through all phases of production, transport and storage. Test methods are referenced to evaluate packaging and packaging materials for these product and material properties. Performance limits are provided. This standard does not address protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic pulsing (EMP) nor protection of volatile materials.

IEC 61340-4-9:2010 provides specific test methods for evaluating electrical resistance of static control garments. This part defines the test methods for determining the electrical resistance from sleeve-to-sleeve and point-to-point of static control garments. The test methods defined in this standard utilize standard instruments to measure the resistance of static control garments. These methods are intended as qualification test procedures. They can also be used as periodic tests to ensure ongoing electrical integrity of the garment under ambient conditions.

IEC 61340-4-7:2010 provides test methods and procedures for evaluating and selecting air ionization equipment and systems (ionizers). This standard establishes measurement techniques, under specified conditions, to determine offset voltage (ion balance) and discharge (charge neutralization) time for ionizers. This standard does not include measurements of electromagnetic interference (EMI), or uses of ionizers in connection with ordnance, flammables, explosive items or electrically initiated explosive devices.

IEC 61340-4-8:2010 provides a test method for evaluating the performance of electrostatic discharge shielding bags. The design voltage for the test apparatus is 1 000 V. The purpose of this standard is to ensure that testing laboratories who use this test method to evaluate a given packaging material will obtain similar results.

IEC 61340-4-6:2010 provides electrical and mechanical test methods and performance limits for evaluation, acceptance and functional testing of wrist straps. This standard is intended for testing wrist straps and wrist strap systems used for the grounding of personnel engaged in working with ESD sensitive assemblies and devices. It does not address constant monitoring systems.

This technical report has been developed to support IEC 61340-5-1. The controls and limits referenced in IEC 61340-5-1 were developed to protect devices that are susceptible to discharges of 100 V or greater using the human body model test method. However, the general concepts are still valid for devices that are susceptible to discharges of less than 100 V. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: This version has been modified to provide guidance for users of IEC 61340-5-1. The text has been arranged to follow the requirements of IEC 61340-5-1 as closely as possible as well as providing specific guidance on each of the requirements of IEC 61340-5-1. The contents of the corrigendum of May 2009 have been included in this copy.

Applies to activities that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM). Provides the requirements for an ESD control program. The user should refer to IEC 61340-5-2 for guidance on the implementation of this standard. Does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases and powders. The purpose of this standard is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the "program"). The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: This version of IEC 61340-5-1 focuses on the requirements for an ESD control program. In addition, this version of IEC 61340-5-1 has been aligned with other major ESD control program standards used throughout the world.

Describes procedures for evaluating the ignition risk presented by electrostatic discharges from FIBC to flammable or explosive environments. The requirements of this standard are applicable to all types of FIBC, tested as manufactured, prior to usage, intended for use without liners in flammable or explosive environments with minimum ignition energy of more than 0,14 mJ, and where the charging currents do not exceed 3,0 A. NOTE 0,14 mJ is the minimum ignition energy normally quoted for methanol. Although more sensitive materials exist, methanol has the lowest minimum ignition energy of any material that is likely to be present when FIBC are emptied. 3,0 uA is the highest charging current likely to be found in common industrial processes. This combination of minimum ignition energy and charging current represents the most severe conditions that might be expected in practice. Compliance with the requirements of this standard does not mitigate the need for full risk assessment. The test methods included in this standard may be used in association with other performance requirements, for example when a risk assessment has shown the minimum ignition energy of concern is less than 0,14 mJ or charging currents greater than 3,0 uA are present.

Specifies test methods for evaluating electrostatic protection provided by a system of footwear and flooring in combination with a person. The test methods are not intended for individual material or system classification purposes.

Specifies test methods for determining the electrical resistance of all types of floor coverings and installed floors with resistance to ground, point-to-point resistance and vertical resistance of between 104 W and 1013 W. Laboratory evaluations carried out under controlled environmental conditions can be used for classification or quality control purposes. Tests on installed floors under uncontrolled ambient conditions can be used to determine correct installation or as part of an ongoing system verification. The important changes refer only to the specification of test methods but do not contain classification or performance requirements; the test methods refer to resistance measurement, and the specified equipment comply more with those of the other parts of IEC 61340

Describes test methods for measuring the rate of dissipation of static charge of insulating and static dissipative materials and products. It includes a generic description of test methods and detailed test procedures for specific applications.

Describes the discharge current waveforms used to define the MM and the basic equipment requirements used to develop these waveforms. Test parameters are defined for testing and classifying the electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity of non-powered devices to the MM. The purpose of this standard is to establish a test model that will replicate MM failures and will define the MM transient current discharge waveform and all necessary test parameters to ensure reliable, reproducible test results. Reproducible data will allow accurate comparisons of MM ESD sensitivity levels.