EN ISO 4499-2:2020
(Main)Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size (ISO 4499-2:2020)
This document gives guidelines for the measurement of hardmetal grain size by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for WC/Co hardmetals (also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily tungsten carbide (WC[1]) as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the grain size and distribution by the linear-intercept technique.
This document essentially covers four main topics:
— calibration of microscopes, to underpin the accuracy of measurements;
— linear analysis techniques, to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data;
— analysis methods, to calculate representative average values;
— reporting, to comply with modern quality requirements.
This document is supported by a measurement case study to illustrate the recommended techniques (see Annex A).
This document is not intended for the following:
— measurements of size distribution;
— recommendations on shape measurements. Further research is needed before recommendations for shape measurement can be given.
Measurements of coercivity are sometimes used for grain-size measurement, however, this document is concerned only with a metallographic measurement method. It is also written for hardmetals and not for characterizing powders. However, the method can, in principle, be used for measuring the average size of powders that are suitably mounted and sectioned.
[1] DE: Wolframcarbid, EN: tungsten carbide.
Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur - Teil 2: Messung der WC-Korngröße (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Dieses Dokument gibt Leitlinien für die Messung der Hartmetallkorngröße mittels metallographischer Verfahren ausschließlich unter Anwendung der Licht oder Elektronenmikroskopie an. Es ist für WC/Co Hartmetalle (auch als Hartmetalle oder Cermets bezeichnet) vorgesehen, die hauptsächlich Wolframcarbid (WC ) als harte Phase haben. Er ist ebenfalls für die Messung der Korngröße und deren Verteilung mit dem Linienschnittverfahren vorgesehen.
Dieses Dokument behandelt im Wesentlichen vier Hauptthemen:
- Kalibrierung von Mikroskopen, um die Genauigkeit der Messungen zu untermauern;
- lineare Analysenverfahren, um ausreichend statistisch aussagekräftige Daten zu erhalten;
- Analysenverfahren zur Berechnung repräsentativer Mittelwerte;
- Berichterstattung, um den modernen Qualitätsanforderungen zu entsprechen.
Dieses Dokument wird durch eine Messfallstudie zur Veranschaulichung der empfohlenen Verfahren unterstützt (siehe Anhang A).
Dieses Dokument ist nicht für Folgendes vorgesehen:
- Messungen von Korngrößenverteilung;
- Empfehlungen für Formmessungen. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, bevor Empfehlungen für Formmessung gegeben werden können.
Zur Messung der Korngröße werden mitunter Messungen von Koerzitiv-Feldstärke herangezogen, dieses Dokument befasst sich jedoch ausschließlich mit einem metallographischen Messverfahren. Darüber hinaus ist es für Hartmetalle und nicht zur Charakterisierung von Pulvern vorgesehen. Das Verfahren kann jedoch grundsätzlich zur Messung der mittleren Korngröße von Pulvern, die in geeigneter Weise eingebettet und geteilt sind, herangezogen werden.
Métaux-durs - Détermination métallographique de la microstructure - Partie 2: Mesurage de la taille des grains de WC (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Le présent document donne des lignes directrices relatives au mesurage de la taille des grains de métaux-durs selon des techniques métallographiques utilisant uniquement un microscope optique ou électronique. Il est destiné aux métaux-durs WC/Co (également appelés carbures cémentés ou cermets) contenant principalement du carbure de tungstène (WC[1]) sous la forme d'une phase dure. Il est également destiné au mesurage de la taille des grains et de la distribution au moyen de la technique d'interception linéaire.
Le présent document couvre essentiellement quatre sujets principaux :
— étalonnage de microscopes, pour appuyer la précision des mesures ;
— techniques d'analyses linéaires, pour obtenir suffisamment de données statistiquement significatives ;
— méthodes d'analyse, pour calculer des valeurs moyennes représentatives ;
— rapports, pour répondre aux exigences modernes de qualité.
Le présent document est étayé par une étude de cas de mesurage destinée à illustrer les techniques recommandées (voir Annexe A).
Le présent document ne traite pas les points suivants :
— mesurage de la distribution de la taille ;
— recommandations sur les mesurages de forme. De plus amples recherches sont nécessaires avant de pouvoir établir des recommandations relatives au mesurage de forme.
Des mesurages de coercivité servent parfois au mesurage de la taille des grains, toutefois le présent document ne traite que de la méthode de mesurage métallographique. Il est également rédigé pour les métaux durs et non pour les poudres caractérisantes. Toutefois, la méthode peut, en principe, servir au mesurage de la granulométrie moyenne de poudres convenablement montées et sectionnées.
[1] ALL : Wolframcarbid, AN : tungsten carbide.
Trdine - Metalografsko določevanje mikrostrukture - 2. del: Merjenje velikosti zrn volframovega karbida (WC) (ISO 4499-2:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 4499-2:2010
Trdine - Metalografsko določevanje mikrostrukture - 2. del: Merjenje velikosti zrn
volframovega karbida (WC) (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Part 2: Measurement of
WC grain size (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur - Teil 2: Messung der WC
Korngröße (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Métaux-durs - Détermination métallographique de la microstructure - Partie 2: Mesurage
de la taille des grains de WC (ISO 4499-2:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4499-2:2020
ICS:
77.040.99 Druge metode za Other methods of testing of
preskušanje kovin metals
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 4499-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.040.99; 77.160 Supersedes EN ISO 4499-2:2010
English Version
Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of
microstructure - Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size
(ISO 4499-2:2020)
Métaux-durs - Détermination métallographique de la Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der
microstructure - Partie 2: Mesurage de la taille des Mikrostruktur - Teil 2: Messung der WC Korngröße
grains de WC (ISO 4499-2:2020) (ISO 4499-2:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
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United Kingdom.
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EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4499-2:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4499-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS M11 “Powder metallurgy” the
secretariat of which is held by CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4499-2:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4499-2:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4499-2:2020 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4499-2
Second edition
2020-07
Hardmetals — Metallographic
determination of microstructure —
Part 2:
Measurement of WC grain size
Métaux-durs — Détermination métallographique de la
microstructure —
Partie 2: Mesurage de la taille des grains de WC
Reference number
ISO 4499-2:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 4499-2:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 4499-2:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 3
4 General information . 3
5 Apparatus . 4
6 Calibration . 5
7 Grain-size measurement by the linear-intercept method . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Sampling . 6
7.2.1 Sampling of products . 6
7.2.2 Sampling of microstructure . 6
7.3 Measurement errors . 7
7.3.1 Systematic and random errors . 7
7.3.2 Large WC grain sizes. 7
7.3.3 Smallest measurable intercept . 7
8 Reporting . 8
Annex A (informative) Measurement case study .10
Annex B (informative) Report proforma .15
Bibliography .17
ISO 4499-2:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee
SC 4, Sampling and testing methods for hardmetals, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS M11, Powder metallurgy, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4499-2:2008), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— former 3.1 has been removed;
— 3.2 has been expanded;
— in Clause 5, “Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD)” has been added;
— in 7.2.1, the list has been revised;
— in 7.3.3, Table 1, row “Electron back scatter diffraction” has been added and in the row “Scanning
electron microscope”, the value for the “Minimum visible intercept length” has been corrected from
200 nm into 400 nm.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4499 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4499-2:2020(E)
Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of
microstructure —
Part 2:
Measurement of WC grain size
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines for the measurement of hardmetal grain size by metallographic
techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for WC/Co hardmetals (also called
1)
cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily tungsten carbide (WC ) as the hard phase. It is
also intended for measuring the grain size and distribution by the linear-intercept technique.
This document essentially covers four main topics:
— calibration of microscopes, to underpin the accuracy of measurements;
— linear analysis techniques, to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data;
— analysis methods, to calculate representative average values;
— reporting, to comply with modern quality requirements.
This document is supported by a measurement case study to illustrate the recommended techniques
(see Annex A).
This document is not intended for
...
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