EN ISO 13473-1:2019
(Main)Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1: Determination of mean profile depth (ISO 13473-1:2019, Corrected version 2021-06)
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1: Determination of mean profile depth (ISO 13473-1:2019, Corrected version 2021-06)
This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics.
The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method[13].
Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers.
This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014[6]). Macrotexture depth measurements according to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of specifying a surfacing.
This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface. This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g. Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials or pavement finishing techniques.
The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture, can be used to assess the quality of pavements.
This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications. Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B).
NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example, References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.
Charakterisierung der Textur von Deckschichten unter Verwendung von Oberflächenprofilen - Teil 1: Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (ISO 13473-1:2019, korrigierte Fassung 2021-06)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der mittleren Tiefe der Makrotextur der Deckschicht (siehe Abschnitt 3) durch Messung des Profils einer Oberfläche und Berechnung der Texturtiefe aus diesem Profil. Das Verfahren dient dazu, einen Wert ausschließlich für die mittlere Tiefe der Makrotextur der Deckschicht zu liefern, und wird als unempfindlich gegenüber der Mikrotextur und Unebenheit der Fahrbahn angesehen.
Zweck dieses Dokuments ist es, ein international anerkanntes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Texturtiefe der Deckschicht als Alternative zu dem herkömmlichen volumetrischen Verfahren (üblicherweise unter Verwendung von Sand oder Glaskugelflecken), das vergleichbare Texturtiefenwerte ergibt, verfügbar zu machen. Zu diesem Zweck beschreibt das vorliegende Dokument Filterungsverfahren, die dafür ausgelegt sind, die mit dem volumetrischen Verfahren [13] bestimmten Texturtiefen bestmöglich darzustellen.
Die meisten aktuell verwendeten Profilometer sind von kontaktloser Ausführung (z. B. Laser, Lichtschlitz oder Lichtschnitt, um nur einige zu nennen) und dieses Dokument ist in erster Linie für diese Ausführung vorgesehen. Das schließt jedoch nicht die Anwendung von Teilen davon auf andere Arten von Profilometern aus.
Die Normenreihe ISO 13473 wurde aufgrund eines festgestellten Bedarfs bei der Festlegung einer Prüfoberfläche für Messungen der Fahrzeuggeräusche (siehe ISO 10844:2014 [6]) erstellt. Makrotextur¬tiefenmessungen nach dem vorliegenden Dokument sind nicht in jedem Fall dafür geeignet, Prüfbedingungen für Fahrzeug oder Verkehrsgeräuschmessungen festzulegen, sie sind aber in Verbindung mit anderen Verfahren zur Festlegung einer Oberfläche bedingt als Ergänzung verwendbar.
Das hier beschriebene Prüfverfahren ist für die Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (MPD) einer Deckschicht geeignet. Diese MPD kann zu einer Größe umgerechnet werden, die eine Schätzung der Makrotexturtiefe in Übereinstimmung mit dem volumetrischen Verfahren darstellt. Es ist gleichermaßen bei Feld und Laborprüfungen an Belagproben anwendbar. Bei Anwendung in Kombination mit anderen physikalischen Prüfverfahren sind die aus diesem Prüfverfahren abgeleiteten Makrotexturtiefenwerte für die Schätzung der Merkmale der Fahrbahngriffigkeit (siehe z. B. Literaturhinweis [15]), die Schätzung der Geräuschmerkmale und die Beurteilung der Eignung des Deckschichtmaterials oder der Oberflächenbearbeitungs¬verfahren anwendbar.
Dieses Verfahren kann zusammen mit anderen Messungen (sofern anwendbar) wie etwa der Porosität oder Mikrotextur zur Beurteilung der Qualität von Deckschichten verwendet werden.
Dieses Dokument ist an die Messung der Textur einer Deckschicht angepasst und nicht für andere Anwendungen vorgesehen. Form, Größe und Verteilung der Partikel von Zuschlagstoffen sind nicht Gegenstand der Belagsmerkmale für dieses Verfahren. Das Verfahren ist nicht als vollständige Beurteilung aller Oberflächeneigenschaften der Textur einer Deckschicht gedacht. Insbesondere ist bekannt, dass bei der Auswertung der Ergebnisse Probleme auftreten, wenn das Verfahren auf poröse oder gerillte Oberflächen angewendet wird (siehe Anhang B).
ANMERKUNG Andere Internationale Normen, die sich mit Methoden zur Messung von Oberflächenprofilen befassen, umfassen z. B. die Literaturhinweise [1], [2] und [3]. Obwohl es in diesen Normen nicht ausdrücklich vermerkt ist, werden sie vor allem für die Messung (der Mikrotextur) endbehandelter Metalloberflächen verwendet und sind nicht dafür vorgesehen, auf Deckschichten angewendet zu werden.
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de relevés de profils de la surface - Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du profil (ISO 13473-1:2019, Version corrigée 2021-06)
Le présent document décrit une méthode d'essai permettant de déterminer la profondeur moyenne de la macrotexture de la surface d'un revêtement (voir Article 3) en mesurant le profil de cette surface et en calculant la profondeur de texture à partir de ce profil. Cette technique est conçue pour fournir une valeur de la profondeur moyenne de la macrotexture du revêtement uniquement et est considérée comme insensible aux caractéristiques de microtexture et d'uni du revêtement.
L'objectif du présent document est de proposer une procédure reconnue à l'échelle internationale permettant de déterminer la profondeur de texture de la surface d'un revêtement qui soit une alternative à la méthode volumétrique traditionnelle à la tache (qui utilise généralement du sable ou des microbilles de verre) et qui donne des valeurs de profondeur de texture comparables. A cette fin, le présent document décrit une procédure de filtrage conçue pour donner la meilleure représentation possible de la profondeur de texture déterminée avec la méthode volumétrique [13].
Les profilomètres modernes utilisés sont presque tous du type sans contact (par exemple à laser ou lumière à fente pour n'en citer que quelques-uns) et le présent document concerne principalement ce type de capteurs. Toutefois, cela n'exclut pas l'application de certaines parties du présent document à d'autres types de profilomètre.
La série des normes ISO 13473 a été préparée pour répondre à un besoin identifié au moment de l'élaboration de la norme décrivant les spécifications des surfaces d'essai pour le mesurage du bruit émis par les véhicules routiers (voir ISO 10844:2014[6]). Les mesurages de la profondeur de la macrotexture, conformément au présent document ne conviennent généralement pas pour spécifier des conditions d'essai relatives aux mesurages du bruit occasionné par les véhicules ou le trafic routiers, mais ont des applications limitées comme supplément en conjonction avec d'autres façons de spécifier un revêtement de surface.
Il convient d'utiliser la présente méthode d'essai pour déterminer la profondeur moyenne du profil (PMP) de la surface d'un revêtement. Cette profondeur moyenne du profil peut être transformée en une valeur permettant d'évaluer la profondeur de la macrotexture selon la méthode volumétrique à la tâche. Elle est applicable soit pour des essais sur le terrain, soit pour des essais en laboratoire sur des échantillons de revêtement. Quand on combine les valeurs de la profondeur de la macrotexture obtenues par la présente méthode à d'autres essais physiques, on peut les utiliser pour évaluer les caractéristiques d'adhérence du revêtement (voir par exemple la Référence [15]), estimer les caractéristiques du bruit et évaluer l'adéquation des matériaux de pavage ou des techniques de finition.
Cette méthode ainsi que d'autres mesurages comme les mesurages de la porosité ou de la microtexture, quand il est possible de les effectuer, peuvent également servir à déterminer la qualité des revêtements.
Le présent document est adapté au mesurage de la texture des revêtements de chaussée et n'est pas destinée à d'autres applications. La forme, la taille et la distribution des granulats sont des caractéristiques de la texture de surface qui ne sont pas traitées dans la présente norme. Cette méthode n'a pas pour objectif de déterminer toutes les caractéristiques de la texture de surface d'un revêtement. En particulier, des précautions doivent être prises lors de l'interprétation des r
Karakterizacija teksture vozišča z uporabo profilov površine - 1. del: Ugotavljanje povprečne globine profila (ISO 13473-1:2019, popravljena verzija 2021-06)
Ta dokument opisuje preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje povprečne globine makrostrukture površine vozišča (glej točko 3) z merjenjem profila površine in izračunom globine teksture
na podlagi tega profila. Tehnika je zasnovana tako, da podaja povprečno vrednost globine zgolj
makroteksture vozišča ter se obravnava kot neobčutljiva za mikroteksturo vozišča in lastnosti neravnosti.
Namen tega dokumenta je omogočiti razpoložljivost mednarodno priznanega postopka za ugotavljanje globine teksture površine vozišča, ki je alternativa tradicionalno uporabljani tehniki z volumetričnimi zaplatami (običajno s peskom ali steklenimi kroglicami) in podaja primerljive vrednosti globine teksture. V skladu s tem namenom ta dokument opisuje postopke filtriranja, ki so zasnovani tako, da zagotavljajo najboljši možen prikaz globin teksture na podlagi metode z volumetrično zaplato [13].
Sodobni merilniki profilov, ki so v uporabi, so skoraj v celoti brezstični (npr. laser, svetlobna reža, svetlobni trak) in ta dokument je namenjen predvsem tej vrsti merilnikov. Vendar to ne izključuje uporabe njegovih delov za druge vrste merilnikov profilov.
Ta skupina standardov ISO 13473 je bila pripravljena zaradi potrebe, ugotovljene pri določanju preskusne površine za merjenje hrupa vozil (glej ISO 10844:2014[6]). Meritve globine makroteksture v skladu s tem dokumentom na splošno niso primerne za določanje preskusnih pogojev za meritve hrupa vozil ali prometa, vendar se lahko omejeno uporabljajo kot dodatek v povezavi z drugimi načini določanja površine.
Ta preskusna metoda je primerna za ugotavljanje povprečne globine profila (MPD) površine vozišča. Ta povprečna globina profila se lahko preoblikuje v količino, ki omogoča oceno globine makroteksture v skladu z metodo z volumetrično zaplato. Uporablja se za terenske in laboratorijske preskuse na vzorcih vozišč. Pri uporabi v povezavi z drugimi fizičnimi preskusi se lahko vrednosti globine makroteksture,
izpeljane iz te preskusne metode, uporabijo za ocenjevanje značilnosti torne sposobnosti vozišča (glej npr. sklic [15]), značilnosti hrupa in primernosti materialov za vozišča ali tehnik končne obdelave vozišč.
Metoda se lahko skupaj z drugimi meritvami (kadar je to primerno), kot so meritve poroznosti ali mikroteksture, uporablja za oceno kakovosti vozišč.
Ta dokument je prilagojen za merjenje teksture vozišča in ni namenjen za druge vrste uporabe.
Oblika, velikost in porazdelitev delcev agregata vozišča so lastnosti teksture površine,
ki v tem postopku niso obravnavane. Metoda ni namenjena temu, da bi podala popolno oceno
lastnosti teksture površine vozišča. Do težav lahko pride zlasti pri razlagi rezultata,
če se metoda nanaša na porozne površine ali na površine z utori (glej dodatek B).
OPOMBA: Drugi mednarodni standardi, ki obravnavajo metode profiliranja površin, vključujejo npr.
sklice [1], [2] in [3]. Čeprav to v njih ni jasno navedeno, se uporabljajo predvsem za merjenje površinske obdelave (mikroteksture) kovinskih površin in se predvidoma ne uporabljajo za vozišča.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 13473-1:2004
Karakterizacija teksture vozišča z uporabo profilov površine - 1. del: Ugotavljanje
povprečne globine profila (ISO 13473-1:2019, popravljena verzija 2021-06)
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1: Determination of
mean profile depth (ISO 13473-1:2019, Corrected version 2021-06)
Charakterisierung der Textur von Deckschichten unter Verwendung von
Oberflächenprofilen - Teil 1: Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (ISO 13473-1:2019,
korrigierte Fassung 2021-06)
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de relevés de profils
de la surface - Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du profil (ISO 13473-
1:2019, Version corrigée 2021-06)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13473-1:2019
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 13473-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.140.30; 93.080.20 Supersedes EN ISO 13473-1:2004
English Version
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface
profiles - Part 1: Determination of mean profile depth (ISO
13473-1:2019, Corrected version 2021-06)
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de Charakterisierung der Textur von Fahrbahnbelägen
chaussée à partir de relevés de profils de la surface - unter Verwendung von Oberflächenprofilen - Teil 1:
Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (ISO 13473-
profil (ISO 13473-1:2019, Version corrigée 2021-06) 1:2019, korrigierte Fassung 2021-06)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January 2019.
This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre on 23 June 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13473-1:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13473-1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
"Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13473-1:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13473-1:2019, Corrected version 2021-06 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13473-
1:2019 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13473-1
Second edition
2019-02
Corrected version
2021-06
Characterization of pavement texture
by use of surface profiles —
Part 1:
Determination of mean profile depth
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de
relevés de profils de la surface —
Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du profil
Reference number
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test surfaces . 4
4.1 Condition of the surface . 4
4.2 Amount of data to be collected per field test section . 4
4.2.1 Continuous measurements . 4
4.2.2 Spot measurements . 5
4.3 Amount of data to be collected on laboratory samples . 5
5 Measurement instruments . 5
5.1 Instruments in general . 5
5.2 Vertical resolution . 6
5.3 Horizontal resolution . 6
5.4 Measurement speed . 6
5.5 Alignment of sensor . 7
5.6 Bandwidth of sensor and recording system . 7
5.7 Performance check . 8
5.8 Indication of invalid readings (drop-outs) . 8
5.9 Sensitivity to vibrations . 8
6 Measurement procedure . 8
6.1 Performance checks. 8
6.2 Measurements . 8
6.3 Continuous or spot measurements . 8
7 Data processing procedure . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Summary of data processing steps . 9
7.3 Drop-out correction and interpolation .10
7.4 Resampling to a certain spatial resolution .11
7.5 Spike identification and reshaping the profile .11
7.6 Removal of long-wavelength components and normalization of profile sharpness .11
7.7 Segment limiting.12
7.8 Peak and MSD determination .12
7.9 Extreme MSD value removal (optional) .12
7.10 Averaging of MSD to determine the MPD .12
7.11 Calculation of ETD (optional) .13
8 Measurement uncertainty assessment according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 .13
9 Safety considerations .15
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Texture ranges .17
Annex B (informative) Problems experienced on special surfaces .20
Annex C (informative) Procedure for sampling of mean segment depth values by spot
measurements .22
Annex D (normative) Data quality-enhancing procedures .25
Annex E (normative) Spike removal procedure .29
Annex F (informative) Measurement uncertainty .32
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Annex G (informative) Performance check .36
Annex H (informative) Flow charts for determination of MSD and MPD .39
Bibliography .42
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13473-1:1997), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Some alternative calculation options such as the slope suppression for continuous data have been
removed.
— A more precise definition of high-pass and low-pass filtering has been provided.
— Removal of spikes has been introduced in the profile.
— The MPD now refers only to the overall value obtained after averaging all MSDs where MSD means
Mean Segment Depth (earlier, MPD was used as the term both for the mean segment depth and for mean
profile depth, which might have been confusing).
A list of all parts in the ISO 13473 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
This corrected version of ISO 13473-1:2019 incorporates the following corrections:
— The segment length was corrected to 100 mm throughout the document;
— in 7.3, at the end of the fourth paragraph, the following sentence was added: "If there are more
invalid samples than 5 mm in the beginning or the end of a sampled profile the effected MSD
value(s) should be discarded." and in the last paragraph, "Profiles" was replaced by "Segments" and
"readings" replaced by "samples";
— in 7.6, the third paragraph was replaced by the following one: "If there are no data available before
and after the section to be computed, one should extend the signal by mirroring the first and the last
segments before filtering.";
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
— in 7.10, the first list element was rephrased;
— in Clause 10, the following text was deleted: "whether or not spike removal procedure was applied;",
"type and order of filters used;" and "and type of interpolation used";
— in D.3.7, replace "7.10" by "7.9";
— in E.1, fifth paragraph, a third sentence was added as follows: "The spikes are first identified in
forward and reverse direction before replacing them with the interpolated value.".
— Figure E.3 was corrected.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Introduction
Road surface texture determines factors such as noise emission from the tyre/pavement interface,
acoustic comfort inside vehicles, friction between the tyre and road, rolling resistance and tyre wear.
The main concept and the basic terms are illustrated for information in Annex A. Valid methods for
measuring surface texture are therefore highly desirable.
The so-called “sand patch” method, or the more general “volumetric patch” method (see Clause 3), has
been used worldwide for many years to give a single and very simple measurement describing surface
texture. It relies on a given volume of sand or glass beads which is spread out on a surface. The material
is distributed to form a circular patch, the diameter of which is measured. By dividing the volume
of material spread out by the area covered, a value is obtained which represents the average depth
of the sand or glass bead layer, known as “mean texture depth” (MTD). The method was originally
1) [5]
standardized in ISO 10844:1994 , Annex A in order to put limits concerning surface texture for a
[13]
reference surface used for vehicle noise testing but was later adopted by CEN as EN 13036-1 .
The volumetric patch method is operator-dependent and can be used only on surfaces which are partly
or fully closed to traffic. Therefore, it is not practical for use in network surveys of roads, for example.
Along with developments in contactless surface profiling techniques, it has become possible to replace
the volumetric patch measurements with those derived from profile recordings, which are possible
to make by mobile equipment in flowing traffic. However, several very different techniques have been
used to calculate a “predicted mean texture depth”, many of them quite successfully. The values they
give are not always comparable, although individually they generally offer good correlation coefficients
with texture depth measured with the volumetric patch method.
It is, therefore, important to have a standardized method for measuring and evaluating the texture
depth by a more modern, safe and economical technique than the traditional volumetric patch method,
resulting in values which are directly compatible both with the patch-measured values and between
different equipment.
1) Withdrawn and replaced by ISO 10844:2014.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface
profiles —
Part 1:
Determination of mean profile depth
1 Scope
This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface
macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth
from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement
macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics.
The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for
determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used
volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth
values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best
[13]
possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method .
Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light
sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not
exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers.
This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface
[6]
for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014 ). Macrotexture depth measurements according
to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise
measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of
specifying a surfacing.
This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface.
This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to
the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement
samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived
from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g.
Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials
or pavement finishing techniques.
The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture,
can be used to assess the quality of pavements.
This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications.
Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed
in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface
texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if
the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B).
NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example,
References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface
finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
texture wavelength
λ
quantity describing the horizontal dimension of the irregularities of a texture profile (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: Texture wavelength is normally expressed in metres (m) or millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: Texture wavelength is a descriptor of the wavelength components of the profile and is related
to the concept of the Fourier Transform of a series regularly sampled measurement points along a spatial axis.
Vertical displacement (height) has an arbitrary reference.
3.2
texture
pavement texture
deviation of a pavement surface from a true planar surface, with a texture wavelength (3.1) less than
0,5 m
3.3
surface profile
texture profile
upper contour of a vertical cross-section through a pavement
Note 1 to entry: Texture profile is similar to surface profile but limited to the texture range.
Note 2 to entry: The profile of the surface is described by two coordinates: one in the surface plane, called
distance (the abscissa), and the other in a direction normal to the surface plane, called vertical displacement
(the ordinate). An example is given in Figure A.1. The distance may be in the longitudinal or lateral (transverse)
directions in relation to the travel direction on a pavement, or in a circle or any other direction between these
extremes.
3.4
macrotexture
pavement macrotexture
deviation of a pavement surface from a true planar surface with the characteristic dimensions along the
surface of 0,5 mm to 50 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths (3.1) with one-third-octave bands
including the range 0,63 mm to 50 mm of centre wavelengths
Note 1 to entry: Peak-to-peak amplitudes may normally vary in the range 0,1 mm to 20 mm. This type of texture
is the texture which has wavelengths of the same order of size as tyre tread elements in the tyre/road interface.
Surfaces are normally designed with a sufficient macrotexture to obtain suitable water drainage in the tyre/
road interface. The macrotexture is obtained by suitable proportioning of the aggregate and mortar of the mix or
by surface finishing techniques.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Note 2 to entry: Based on physical relations between texture and friction, noise, etc., the World Road Association
[16]
(PIARC) originally defined the ranges of micro-, macro- and megatexture . Figure A.2, which is a modified
version of the original PIARC figure, illustrates how these definitions cover certain ranges of surface texture
wavelength and spatial frequency. In this figure, “discomfort for travellers” includes effects experienced in and
on motorized road vehicles and bicycles, as well as wheelchairs and other vehicles used by disabled people.
3.5 Texture depth measurements
3.5.1
texture depth
TD
in the three-dimensional case, the distance between the surface and a plane through the top of the
three highest peaks within a surface area in the same order of a size as that of a car tyre/pavement
interface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.
3.5.2
mean texture depth
MTD
texture depth (3.5.1) obtained from the volumetric patch method
Note 1 to entry: In the application of the “volumetric patch method” (see below), the “plane” is in practice
determined by the contact between a rubber pad and the surface when the pad is rubbed over the area. Therefore,
the texture depth obtained in this case is not based on exactly a “plane”, but rather an approximation which is a
somewhat curved surface that is hard to define.
3.5.3
profile depth
PD
in the two-dimensional case, i.e. when studying a profile, the difference, within a certain longitudinal/
lateral distance in the same order of length as that of a car tyre/pavement contact interface, between
the profile and a horizontal line through the top of the highest peak within this profile
3.5.4
evaluation length
l
length of a portion of one or more profiles for which MPD (3.5.2) is to be calculated
3.5.5
segment
portion of the profile over a length of 100 mm
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.4.
3.5.6
mean segment depth
MSD
average value of the profile depth (3.5.3) of a segment (3.5.5)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.4.
3.5.7
mean profile depth
d
MPD
MPD
average of the values of the MSD (3.5.6) of the tested section
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
3.5.8
estimated texture depth
d
ETD
ETD
term used when the MPD (3.5.7) is used to estimate the MTD (3.5.2) by means of a transformation
formula
3.6
volumetric patch method
method relying on the spreading of a material, usually sand or graded glass beads, in a patch
Note 1 to entry: The material is distributed with a rubber pad to form an approximately circular patch, the
average diameter of which is measured. By dividing the volume of material by the area covered, a value is
obtained which represents the average depth of the layer, i.e. MTD. The volumetric patch method is described in
EN 13036-1.
Note 2 to entry: The volumetric patch method is used not only with sand or glass beads as the patch material, but
in some cases with putty or grease. However, such materials have certain disadvantages, and for international
standardization, only glass beads have been recommended. The ETD measure is based on glass beads as the
patch material.
3.7
drop-out
data in the measured profile indicated by the sensor as invalid
3.8
spike
unusually high and sharply defined peak in the measured profile, which is not part of the true profile
and is not automatically detected as invalid by the system
Note 1 to entry: See Annex E for a quantitative definition of a spike.
4 Test surfaces
4.1 Condition of the surface
Measurements shall not be made during rain or snow fall. Unless it has been demonstrated that the
equipment provides valid measurements on wet or damp surfaces, the surface shall be dry during the
measurements. It shall also be clean and reasonably free of debris and foreign objects.
It is possible that optical-based measuring systems do not perform properly on newly laid asphalt
surfaces which are glossy and dark. If the test is performed during the paving process, optical
distortions due to temperature gradients in the air above the tested surface can produce invalid data.
For roads which have been in service, the texture can vary across the pavement. In this case, the
transverse location of the measurement is normally determined by the intended use of the data.
4.2 Amount of data to be collected per field test section
4.2.1 Continuous measurements
Continuous measurements are made when a certain length of a road is measured with possible
interruptions of a maximum of 10 % of the length. The minimum evaluation length over which MPD is
calculated shall be 1,0 m. It is not meaningful to report MPD over shorter lengths.
It is recommended that measurements and calculations be made continuously along the entire test
section.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
4.2.2 Spot measurements
If a continuous measurement is not possible, as is the case for stationary devices, measurements may be
made at certain spots which are appropriately distributed. The following minimum provisions apply:
— Each evaluation length shall include at least eight single measured segments of 100 mm length. This
would normally be along a straight line, but may also be in a circular path or in parallel lines (in
connection with 3D measurements). Each segment shall be measured continuously. The exception
is when analysing round laboratory samples; see 4.3.
— The procedure in Annex C is recommended to select measurement positions and evaluation lengths
in an unbiased manner.
— The minimum evaluation length shall be 1,0 m.
For surfaces with periodic textures (e.g. grooved or tined surfaces), the total profile length shall include
at least 10 periods of the dominant texture frequency.
4.3 Amount of data to be collected on laboratory samples
Laboratory samples are generally either circular cores or rectangular slabs. They may be directly taken
from a road or airfield, produced in a laboratory or replicated based on mouldings from an actual road
or airfield site.
When measuring laboratory samples, care should be taken that edge effects of the samples do not affect
the measurement.
In order for the measurements to give values reasonably representative of an actual field site, the
following three requirements shall be met:
— Cores, slabs or mouldings intended for profile measurement shall be taken from at least four
different places, evenly distributed longitudinally along the site.
— The measurements shall include at least 4 segments (per core), evenly distributed on the laboratory
samples (see below), each profile measured over 100 mm length and not being part of another
profile, except that one profile may cross another profile.
— The minimum evaluation length shall be 1,0 m.
It is recommended that cores have a minimum 150 mm diameter, although 100 mm diameter cores are
acceptable. If the core diameter does not allow measurements to follow a straight line of the required
length across the core, it is recommended to rotate the core underneath the sensor (or vice versa) and
make the measurement along a circle around the core centre. Such circles should have a minimum
circumference of 200 mm (corresponding to a diameter of 64 mm).
Rectangular samples often have dimensions which exceed typical core dimensions. On such samples,
individual profile measurements should be distributed uniformly.
Measurements on laboratory samples can have many different purposes. This means that it is difficult
to specify general minimum requirements. The specification here assumes that the purpose is to obtain
values which are reasonably representative of pavements.
5 Measurement instruments
5.1 Instruments in general
A profilometer system shall be used which produces a signal output that is proportional to the distance
between a sensor reference plane and the surface spot in question. Examples of sensors include
acoustical, electro-optical type or a video camera. The final output shall be linearly related to the texture
profile and this may be obtained either in hardware or software, as necessary. The profilometer system
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
shall also provide means of moving the sensor along or across the surface at an elevation (vertically)
which is essentially constant over at least one profile length. This does not apply when the profile is
produced by some techniques such as light sectioning.
5.2 Vertical resolution
The vertical resolution shall be 0,05 mm or better. The measuring range of the sensor should be a
minimum of 20 mm. When measuring smoother surfaces, a smaller range is permissible. For a sensor
mounted on a moving vehicle, a higher range is usually required to allow for vehicle motion.
NOTE 1 A laser sensor system having a measuring range of 200 mm and a 12-bit digital resolution has a
vertical resolution of a little less than 0,05 mm.
NOTE 2 It has appeared that many of the laser profilometers have a noise floor which corresponds to 0,13 mm
to 0,17 mm of MPD. A vertical resolution of 0,05 mm means that the vertical resolution does not contribute to the
noise floor.
5.3 Horizontal resolution
In the case of a device utilizing a laser, other electro-optical sensor, or a sensor based on sound
transmission, the spot of the radiation should be such that its average diameter on the road surface
shall in no case be greater than 1 mm over the used vertical range. In this case, the effective spot is
taken as that contained within an area limited by a contour line where the intensity of the spot is 1/e
(approximately 37 %) of the maximum intensity within the spot.
In the case where a light-sectioning device is used, the projected light band or line shall be sufficiently
sharp to give a light/dark transition within 1 mm. In this case, the effective line width is taken as that
where the intensity of the line has reduced from 100 % to 1/e (approximately 37 %) of the maximum
intensity within the line.
In the case where a contact device is used (e.g. utilizing a stylus sensor), the widest dimension of the
contacting part (tip) shall have a diameter of no more than 1 mm up to 1 mm in height from the tip.
Contact forces on the surface shall not be so high as to cause penetration or destruction of the surface
texture. Such destruction is usually detectable as a clearly visible trace where contact was made.
The sampling interval shall not be more than 1,0 mm, and samples shall be taken at a fixed interval in
the horizontal direction.
It shall be noted that the movement by the laser or light spot during the time of collecting each sample
means that the spot is extended somewhat in the direction of measurement. This “stretching” of the
spot due to the measurement speed can be calculated by dividing the measurement speed by the time
for each sample collection and it should never result in a spot longer than 1 mm. It can mean a limitation
of the measurement speed.
5.4 Measurement speed
The measurement speed is the speed with which the profile is traced by the profilometer, and shall be
such that the requirements on sampling interval are met. This applies to stationary as well as mobile
profilometers. The relation is:
v ≤ f · s / 1 000 (1)
s
where
v is the profilometer speed (m/s);
f is the sampling frequency of the sensor (Hz);
s
s is the sampling interval (mm).
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
In some devices, the speed influences the effect of the background noise, since the latter can be higher
at higher frequencies. Depending on how sampling takes place and the low-pass filtering, the speed
can influence the electronic frequency corresponding to the lower texture wavelength limit. See 5.2
regarding possible effect of sampling variations.
NOTE Low-pass refers to a filtering of the signal with the intention to attenuate the higher frequencies
(either temporal or spatial).
5.5 Alignment of sensor
In case of reflected radiation, the angle between the optical or acoustical axis of the radiation toward
the surface and the optical or acoustical axis of the detector (α) should not exceed 30°. See Figure 1.
Larger angles underestimate very deep textures and cause higher drop-out rates. It is preferred that
the β angle is as low as possible. This paragraph applies also to light-sectioning devices.
It is recommended that the sensor be moved in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the radiation;
i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
For mechanical devices, α is not applicable and β shall be no more than 30°.
Key
1 emitting device
2 receiving device
3 surface normal
4 road surface
Figure 1 — Requirements regarding alignment of non-contact sensors above a road surface
5.6 Bandwidth of sensor and recording system
The bandwidth of the sensor and recording system shall meet at least the bandwidth induced by the
filtering procedures described in 7.6.
NOTE 1 The bandwidth can be verified to be within the appropriate range by using surfaces machined
to simulate textures with known profiles. For mobile devices, such surfaces (discs or drums) can be rotated
underneath the sensing device. In this instance, the measurement device remains stationary.
NOTE 2 The lower and the higher texture wavelength limits given in 7.6 do not correspond to the definition of
macrotexture according to 3.4. This is because:
— to some extent, this imitates the effect of the enveloping by rubber surfaces, such as a tyre,
— wavelengths smaller than 3 mm and higher than 140 mm do not play a major role in determination of MPD or
ETD according to Figure 13 of Reference [15],
— many profilometers have poor performance in the range below 3 mm, and
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
— with a 3 mm limit, profilometers will give more uniform values less affected by erroneous transients.
5.7 Performance check
Regular performance checks shall be made by operating the sensor over a designated reference surface,
utilising a stable profile.
Performance checks shall be designed such that differences as small as 0,1 mm between the recorded
MPD and the actual MPD for the reference surface can be detected. The MPD of the reference surface
should be at least 1,5 mm.
NOTE 5.2 requires that vertical resolution be 0,05 mm or better.
If the performance check shows a difference greater than 0,1 mm, or 5 % (whichever is the most
stringent value), from the expected reference MPD value, the deviation should be reported. If the
difference is greater than 0,2 mm, or 10 % (whichever is the most stringent value), it indicates that
something might be wrong with the system and the problem should be investigated.
See Annex G
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 13473-1:2004
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDWHNVWXUHYR]LãþD]XSRUDERSURILORYSRYUãLQHGHO 8JRWDYOMDQMH
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Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1: Determination of
mean profile depth (ISO 13473-1:2019)
Charakterisierung der Textur von Fahrbahnbelägen unter Verwendung von
Oberflächenprofilen - Teil 1: Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (ISO 13473-1:2019)
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de relevés de profils
de la surface - Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du profil (ISO 13473-
1:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13473-1:2019
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 13473-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.140.30; 93.080.20 Supersedes EN ISO 13473-1:2004
English Version
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface
profiles - Part 1: Determination of mean profile depth (ISO
13473-1:2019)
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de Charakterisierung der Textur von Fahrbahnbelägen
chaussée à partir de relevés de profils de la surface - unter Verwendung von Oberflächenprofilen - Teil 1:
Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du Bestimmung der mittleren Profiltiefe (ISO 13473-
profil (ISO 13473-1:2019) 1:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13473-1:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13473-1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
"Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13473-1:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13473-1:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13473-1:2019 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13473-1
Second edition
2019-02
Characterization of pavement texture
by use of surface profiles —
Part 1:
Determination of mean profile depth
Caractérisation de la texture d'un revêtement de chaussée à partir de
relevés de profils de la surface —
Partie 1: Détermination de la profondeur moyenne du profil
Reference number
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test surfaces . 4
4.1 Condition of the surface . 4
4.2 Amount of data to be collected per field test section . 4
4.2.1 Continuous measurements . 4
4.2.2 Spot measurements . 5
4.3 Amount of data to be collected on laboratory samples . 5
5 Measurement instruments . 5
5.1 Instruments in general . 5
5.2 Vertical resolution . 6
5.3 Horizontal resolution . 6
5.4 Measurement speed . 6
5.5 Alignment of sensor . 7
5.6 Bandwidth of sensor and recording system . 7
5.7 Performance check . 8
5.8 Indication of invalid readings (drop-outs) . 8
5.9 Sensitivity to vibrations . 8
6 Measurement procedure . 8
6.1 Performance checks. 8
6.2 Measurements . 8
6.3 Continuous or spot measurements . 8
7 Data processing procedure . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Summary of data processing steps . 9
7.3 Drop-out correction and interpolation .10
7.4 Resampling to a certain spatial resolution .11
7.5 Spike identification and reshaping the profile .11
7.6 Removal of long-wavelength components and normalization of profile sharpness .11
7.7 Segment limiting.12
7.8 Peak and MSD determination .12
7.9 Extreme MSD value removal (optional) .12
7.10 Averaging of MSD to determine the MPD .12
7.11 Calculation of ETD (optional) .12
8 Measurement uncertainty assessment according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 .13
9 Safety considerations .15
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Texture ranges .17
Annex B (informative) Problems experienced on special surfaces .20
Annex C (informative) Procedure for sampling of mean segment depth values by spot
measurements .22
Annex D (normative) Data quality-enhancing procedures .25
Annex E (normative) Spike removal procedure .29
Annex F (informative) Measurement uncertainty .32
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Annex G (informative) Performance check .36
Annex H (informative) Flow charts for determination of MSD and MPD .39
Bibliography .42
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13473-1:1997), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Some alternative calculation options such as the slope suppression for continuous data have
been removed.
— A more precise definition of high-pass and low-pass filtering has been provided.
— Removal of spikes has been introduced in the profile.
— The MPD now refers only to the overall value obtained after averaging all MSDs where MSD
means Mean Segment Depth (earlier, MPD was used as the term both for the mean segment depth and
for mean profile depth, which might have been confusing).
A list of all parts in the ISO 13473 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Introduction
Road surface texture determines factors such as noise emission from the tyre/pavement interface,
acoustic comfort inside vehicles, friction between the tyre and road, rolling resistance and tyre wear.
The main concept and the basic terms are illustrated for information in Annex A. Valid methods for
measuring surface texture are therefore highly desirable.
The so-called “sand patch” method, or the more general “volumetric patch” method (see Clause 3), has
been used worldwide for many years to give a single and very simple measurement describing surface
texture. It relies on a given volume of sand or glass beads which is spread out on a surface. The material
is distributed to form a circular patch, the diameter of which is measured. By dividing the volume
of material spread out by the area covered, a value is obtained which represents the average depth
of the sand or glass bead layer, known as “mean texture depth” (MTD). The method was originally
1)
[5]
standardized in ISO 10844:1994 , Annex A in order to put limits concerning surface texture for a
[13]
reference surface used for vehicle noise testing but was later adopted by CEN as EN 13036-1 .
The volumetric patch method is operator-dependent and can be used only on surfaces which are partly
or fully closed to traffic. Therefore, it is not practical for use in network surveys of roads, for example.
Along with developments in contactless surface profiling techniques, it has become possible to replace
the volumetric patch measurements with those derived from profile recordings, which are possible
to make by mobile equipment in flowing traffic. However, several very different techniques have been
used to calculate a “predicted mean texture depth”, many of them quite successfully. The values they
give are not always comparable, although individually they generally offer good correlation coefficients
with texture depth measured with the volumetric patch method.
It is, therefore, important to have a standardized method for measuring and evaluating the texture
depth by a more modern, safe and economical technique than the traditional volumetric patch method,
resulting in values which are directly compatible both with the patch-measured values and between
different equipment.
1) Withdrawn and replaced by ISO 10844:2014.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface
profiles —
Part 1:
Determination of mean profile depth
1 Scope
This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface
macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth
from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement
macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics.
The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for
determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used
volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth
values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best
[13]
possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method .
Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light
sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not
exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers.
This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface
[6]
for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014 ). Macrotexture depth measurements according
to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise
measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of
specifying a surfacing.
This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface.
This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to
the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement
samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived
from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g.
Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials
or pavement finishing techniques.
The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture,
can be used to assess the quality of pavements.
This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications.
Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed
in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface
texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if
the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B).
NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example,
References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface
finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
texture wavelength
λ
quantity describing the horizontal dimension of the irregularities of a texture profile (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: Texture wavelength is normally expressed in metres (m) or millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: Texture wavelength is a descriptor of the wavelength components of the profile and is related
to the concept of the Fourier Transform of a series regularly sampled measurement points along a spatial axis.
Vertical displacement (height) has an arbitrary reference.
3.2
texture
pavement texture
deviation of a pavement surface from a true planar surface, with a texture wavelength (3.1) less than 0,5 m
3.3
surface profile
texture profile
upper contour of a vertical cross-section through a pavement
Note 1 to entry: Texture profile is similar to surface profile but limited to the texture range.
Note 2 to entry: The profile of the surface is described by two coordinates: one in the surface plane, called
distance (the abscissa), and the other in a direction normal to the surface plane, called vertical displacement
(the ordinate). An example is given in Figure A.1. The distance may be in the longitudinal or lateral (transverse)
directions in relation to the travel direction on a pavement, or in a circle or any other direction between these
extremes.
3.4
macrotexture
pavement macrotexture
deviation of a pavement surface from a true planar surface with the characteristic dimensions along the
surface of 0,5 mm to 50 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths (3.1) with one-third-octave bands
including the range 0,63 mm to 50 mm of centre wavelengths
Note 1 to entry: Peak-to-peak amplitudes may normally vary in the range 0,1 mm to 20 mm. This type of texture
is the texture which has wavelengths of the same order of size as tyre tread elements in the tyre/road interface.
Surfaces are normally designed with a sufficient macrotexture to obtain suitable water drainage in the tyre/
road interface. The macrotexture is obtained by suitable proportioning of the aggregate and mortar of the mix or
by surface finishing techniques.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
Note 2 to entry: Based on physical relations between texture and friction, noise, etc., the World Road Association
[16]
(PIARC) originally defined the ranges of micro-, macro- and megatexture . Figure A.2, which is a modified
version of the original PIARC figure, illustrates how these definitions cover certain ranges of surface texture
wavelength and spatial frequency. In this figure, “discomfort for travellers” includes effects experienced in and
on motorized road vehicles and bicycles, as well as wheelchairs and other vehicles used by disabled people.
3.5 Texture depth measurements
3.5.1
texture depth
TD
in the three-dimensional case, the distance between the surface and a plane through the top of the
three highest peaks within a surface area in the same order of a size as that of a car tyre/pavement
interface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.3.
3.5.2
mean texture depth
MTD
texture depth (3.5.1) obtained from the volumetric patch method
Note 1 to entry: In the application of the “volumetric patch method” (see below), the “plane” is in practice
determined by the contact between a rubber pad and the surface when the pad is rubbed over the area. Therefore,
the texture depth obtained in this case is not based on exactly a “plane”, but rather an approximation which is a
somewhat curved surface that is hard to define.
3.5.3
profile depth
PD
in the two-dimensional case, i.e. when studying a profile, the difference, within a certain longitudinal/
lateral distance in the same order of length as that of a car tyre/pavement contact interface, between
the profile and a horizontal line through the top of the highest peak within this profile
3.5.4
evaluation length
l
length of a portion of one or more profiles for which MPD (3.5.2) is to be calculated
3.5.5
segment
portion of the profile over a length of 100 mm
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.4.
3.5.6
mean segment depth
MSD
average value of the profile depth (3.5.3) of a segment (3.5.5)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.4.
3.5.7
mean profile depth
d
MPD
MPD
average of the values of the MSD (3.5.6) of the tested section
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
3.5.8
estimated texture depth
d
ETD
ETD
term used when the MPD (3.5.7) is used to estimate the MTD (3.5.2) by means of a transformation formula
3.6
volumetric patch method
method relying on the spreading of a material, usually sand or graded glass beads, in a patch
Note 1 to entry: The material is distributed with a rubber pad to form an approximately circular patch, the
average diameter of which is measured. By dividing the volume of material by the area covered, a value is
obtained which represents the average depth of the layer, i.e. MTD. The volumetric patch method is described in
EN 13036-1.
Note 2 to entry: The volumetric patch method is used not only with sand or glass beads as the patch material, but
in some cases with putty or grease. However, such materials have certain disadvantages, and for international
standardization, only glass beads have been recommended. The ETD measure is based on glass beads as the
patch material.
3.7
drop-out
data in the measured profile indicated by the sensor as invalid
3.8
spike
unusually high and sharply defined peak in the measured profile, which is not part of the true profile
and is not automatically detected as invalid by the system
Note 1 to entry: See Annex E for a quantitative definition of a spike.
4 Test surfaces
4.1 Condition of the surface
Measurements shall not be made during rain or snow fall. Unless it has been demonstrated that the
equipment provides valid measurements on wet or damp surfaces, the surface shall be dry during the
measurements. It shall also be clean and reasonably free of debris and foreign objects.
It is possible that optical-based measuring systems do not perform properly on newly laid asphalt
surfaces which are glossy and dark. If the test is performed during the paving process, optical
distortions due to temperature gradients in the air above the tested surface can produce invalid data.
For roads which have been in service, the texture can vary across the pavement. In this case, the
transverse location of the measurement is normally determined by the intended use of the data.
4.2 Amount of data to be collected per field test section
4.2.1 Continuous measurements
Continuous measurements are made when a certain length of a road is measured with possible
interruptions of a maximum of 10 % of the length. The minimum evaluation length over which MPD is
calculated shall be 1,0 m. It is not meaningful to report MPD over shorter lengths.
It is recommended that measurements and calculations be made continuously along the entire test
section.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
4.2.2 Spot measurements
If a continuous measurement is not possible, as is the case for stationary devices, measurements may be
made at certain spots which are appropriately distributed. The following minimum provisions apply:
— Each evaluation length shall include at least eight single measured segments of at least 100 mm
length. This would normally be along a straight line, but may also be in a circular path or in parallel
lines (in connection with 3D measurements). Each segment shall be measured continuously. The
exception is when analysing round laboratory samples; see 4.3.
— The procedure in Annex C is recommended to select measurement positions and evaluation lengths
in an unbiased manner.
— The minimum evaluation length shall be 1,0 m.
For surfaces with periodic textures (e.g. grooved or tined surfaces), the total profile length shall include
at least 10 periods of the dominant texture frequency.
4.3 Amount of data to be collected on laboratory samples
Laboratory samples are generally either circular cores or rectangular slabs. They may be directly taken
from a road or airfield, produced in a laboratory or replicated based on mouldings from an actual road
or airfield site.
When measuring laboratory samples, care should be taken that edge effects of the samples do not affect
the measurement.
In order for the measurements to give values reasonably representative of an actual field site, the
following three requirements shall be met:
— Cores, slabs or mouldings intended for profile measurement shall be taken from at least four
different places, evenly distributed longitudinally along the site.
— The measurements shall include at least 4 segments (per core), evenly distributed on the laboratory
samples (see below), each profile measured over at least 100 mm length and not being part of
another profile, except that one profile may cross another profile.
— The minimum evaluation length shall be 1,0 m.
It is recommended that cores have a minimum 150 mm diameter, although 100 mm diameter cores are
acceptable. If the core diameter does not allow measurements to follow a straight line of the required
length across the core, it is recommended to rotate the core underneath the sensor (or vice versa) and
make the measurement along a circle around the core centre. Such circles should have a minimum
circumference of 200 mm (corresponding to a diameter of 64 mm).
Rectangular samples often have dimensions which exceed typical core dimensions. On such samples,
individual profile measurements should be distributed uniformly.
Measurements on laboratory samples can have many different purposes. This means that it is difficult
to specify general minimum requirements. The specification here assumes that the purpose is to obtain
values which are reasonably representative of pavements.
5 Measurement instruments
5.1 Instruments in general
A profilometer system shall be used which produces a signal output that is proportional to the distance
between a sensor reference plane and the surface spot in question. Examples of sensors include
acoustical, electro-optical type or a video camera. The final output shall be linearly related to the texture
profile and this may be obtained either in hardware or software, as necessary. The profilometer system
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
shall also provide means of moving the sensor along or across the surface at an elevation (vertically)
which is essentially constant over at least one profile length. This does not apply when the profile is
produced by some techniques such as light sectioning.
5.2 Vertical resolution
The vertical resolution shall be 0,05 mm or better. The measuring range of the sensor should be a
minimum of 20 mm. When measuring smoother surfaces, a smaller range is permissible. For a sensor
mounted on a moving vehicle, a higher range is usually required to allow for vehicle motion.
NOTE 1 A laser sensor system having a measuring range of 200 mm and a 12-bit digital resolution has a
vertical resolution of a little less than 0,05 mm.
NOTE 2 It has appeared that many of the laser profilometers have a noise floor which corresponds to 0,13 mm
to 0,17 mm of MPD. A vertical resolution of 0,05 mm means that the vertical resolution does not contribute to the
noise floor.
5.3 Horizontal resolution
In the case of a device utilizing a laser, other electro-optical sensor, or a sensor based on sound
transmission, the spot of the radiation should be such that its average diameter on the road surface
shall in no case be greater than 1 mm over the used vertical range. In this case, the effective spot is
taken as that contained within an area limited by a contour line where the intensity of the spot is 1/e
(approximately 37 %) of the maximum intensity within the spot.
In the case where a light-sectioning device is used, the projected light band or line shall be sufficiently
sharp to give a light/dark transition within 1 mm. In this case, the effective line width is taken as that
where the intensity of the line has reduced from 100 % to 1/e (approximately 37 %) of the maximum
intensity within the line.
In the case where a contact device is used (e.g. utilizing a stylus sensor), the widest dimension of the
contacting part (tip) shall have a diameter of no more than 1 mm up to 1 mm in height from the tip.
Contact forces on the surface shall not be so high as to cause penetration or destruction of the surface
texture. Such destruction is usually detectable as a clearly visible trace where contact was made.
The sampling interval shall not be more than 1,0 mm, and samples shall be taken at a fixed interval in
the horizontal direction.
It shall be noted that the movement by the laser or light spot during the time of collecting each sample
means that the spot is extended somewhat in the direction of measurement. This “stretching” of the
spot due to the measurement speed can be calculated by dividing the measurement speed by the time
for each sample collection and it should never result in a spot longer than 1 mm. It can mean a limitation
of the measurement speed.
5.4 Measurement speed
The measurement speed is the speed with which the profile is traced by the profilometer, and shall be
such that the requirements on sampling interval are met. This applies to stationary as well as mobile
profilometers. The relation is:
v ≤ f · s / 1 000 (1)
s
where
v is the profilometer speed (m/s);
f is the sampling frequency of the sensor (Hz);
s
s is the sampling interval (mm).
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
In some devices, the speed influences the effect of the background noise, since the latter can be higher
at higher frequencies. Depending on how sampling takes place and the low-pass filtering, the speed
can influence the electronic frequency corresponding to the lower texture wavelength limit. See 5.2
regarding possible effect of sampling variations.
NOTE Low-pass refers to a filtering of the signal with the intention to attenuate the higher frequencies
(either temporal or spatial).
5.5 Alignment of sensor
In case of reflected radiation, the angle between the optical or acoustical axis of the radiation toward
the surface and the optical or acoustical axis of the detector (α) should not exceed 30°. See Figure 1.
Larger angles underestimate very deep textures and cause higher drop-out rates. It is preferred that
the β angle is as low as possible. This paragraph applies also to light-sectioning devices.
It is recommended that the sensor be moved in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the radiation;
i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
For mechanical devices, α is not applicable and β shall be no more than 30°.
Key
1 emitting device
2 receiving device
3 surface normal
4 road surface
Figure 1 — Requirements regarding alignment of non-contact sensors above a road surface
5.6 Bandwidth of sensor and recording system
The bandwidth of the sensor and recording system shall meet at least the bandwidth induced by the
filtering procedures described in 7.6.
NOTE 1 The bandwidth can be verified to be within the appropriate range by using surfaces machined
to simulate textures with known profiles. For mobile devices, such surfaces (discs or drums) can be rotated
underneath the sensing device. In this instance, the measurement device remains stationary.
NOTE 2 The lower and the higher texture wavelength limits given in 7.6 do not correspond to the definition of
macrotexture according to 3.4. This is because:
— to some extent, this imitates the effect of the enveloping by rubber surfaces, such as a tyre,
— wavelengths smaller than 3 mm and higher than 140 mm do not play a major role in determination of MPD or
ETD according to Figure 13 of Reference [15],
— many profilometers have poor performance in the range below 3 mm, and
ISO 13473-1:2019(E)
— with a 3 mm limit, profilometers will give more uniform values less affected by erroneous transients.
5.7 Performance check
Regular performance checks shall be made by operating the sensor over a designated reference surface,
utilising a stable profile.
Performance checks shall be designed such that differences as small as 0,1 mm between the recorded
MPD and the actual MPD for the reference surface can be detected. The MPD of the reference surface
should be at least 1,5 mm.
NOTE 5.2 requires that vertical resolution be 0,05 mm or better.
If the performance check shows a difference greater than 0,1 mm, or 5 % (whichever is the most
stringent value), from the expected reference MPD value, the deviation should be reported. If the
difference is greater than 0,2 mm, or 10 % (whichever is the most stringent value), it indicates that
something might be wrong with the system and the problem should be investigated.
See Annex G regarding various reference surfaces and other suggestions. Annex G also explains how to
calculate the MPD of these surfaces.
The type of reference surface used shall be reported.
5.8 Indication of invalid readings (drop-outs)
Invalid readings (“drop-outs”) can occur due to the photometric properties of the surface or shadowing
of the light in deep troughs of the profile. Therefore, the system shall have means of identifying drop-outs.
In addition, laser diodes deteriorate over time, which can eventually result in excessive invalid readings.
For this reason, and for checking that the intensity is within the manufacturer’s specification, it is
recommended that there be a means of checking the laser intensity at certain intervals.
5.9 Sensitivity to vibrations
The sensor shall be maintained in a stable vertical position during the measurement of a full segment
length (100 mm) at all operating speeds. The measurement system shall be designed so that vibrations
have a negligible effect on the accuracy of the measurement, particularly vibrations associated with the
natural suspension frequency of the sensor and/or its carrier.
6 Measurement procedure
6.1 Performance checks
The performance of the equipment shall be checked using a known profile according to 5.7. Such checks
shall not be less frequent than on each measuring day. The data measured since the previous checking
shall be analysed and deleted in case of a doubt.
6.2 Measurements
The profile of the test surface shall be measured using equipment in accordance with Clause 5 and
meeting the requirements on evaluation length in Clause 4.
6.3 Continuous or spot measurements
Measurements may be made by devices that record the pr
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