SIST EN 16810:2017
(Main)Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules
Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules
This European standard provides product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings.
This PCR covers the following floor coverings according to EN 14041:
- resilient floor coverings manufactured from plastics, linoleum, cork or rubber, but not excluding loose-laid mats;
- textile floor coverings, but not excluding loose-laid mats and rugs;
- laminate floor coverings;
This standard applies also to multi-layer modular floor panels.
The EPD may be developed for single or individual products, product groups and average products.
Elastische, textile und Laminat-Bodenbeläge - Umwelt-Produktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln
Diese Europäische Norm liefert Produktkategorieregeln (PCR) für Typ III Umweltdeklarationen (EPD) für elastische, textile und Laminat-Bodenbeläge.
Die vorliegende Norm gilt für die folgenden Arten von Bodenbelägen:
- elastische Bodenbeläge, die aus Kunststoff, Linoleum, Kork oder Kautschuk hergestellt sind, ein-schließlich lose verlegter Matten;
- textile Bodenbeläge, einschließlich lose verlegter Matten, Teppichen und Läufern;
- Laminat-Bodenbeläge;
- schwimmende modulare Bodenplatten.
Eine EPD darf für einzelne oder individuelle Produkte, Produktgruppen und Durchschnittsprodukte entwickelt werden.
Revêtements de sol résilients, textiles et stratifiés - Déclarations environnementales des produits - Règles régissant les catégories de produits
La présente Norme européenne fournit le tronc commun des règles de catégories de produits (PCR) pour les déclarations environnementales des produits (DEP) de Type III relatives aux revêtements de sol résilients, textiles et stratifiés.
La présente norme s’applique aux types de revêtements de sol suivants :
- revêtements de sol résilients fabriqués à partir de matière plastique, de linoléum, de liège ou de caoutchouc, y compris les mats destinés à la pose flottante ;
- revêtements de sol textiles, y compris les mats destinés à la pose flottante, les carpettes et les tapis ;
- revêtements de sol stratifiés ;
- panneaux de revêtement de sol modulaires flottants.
Une DEP peut être établie pour des produits uniques ou individuels, des groupes de produits et des produits standards.
Netekstilne, tekstilne in laminirane talne obloge - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za opredelitev vrste izdelka
Ta evropski standard vsebuje osnovna pravila za opredelitev vrste izdelka (PCR) za okoljske deklaracije tipa III za netekstilne, tekstilne in laminatne talne obloge. Ta pravila za opredelitev vrste izdelka zajemajo naslednje talne obloge v skladu s standardom EN 14041: – netekstilne talne obloge iz plastike, linoleja, plutovine ali gume, vključno z nepritrjenimi podlogami; – tekstilne talne obloge, vključno z nepritrjenimi podlogami in preprogami; – laminirane talne podloge. Ta standard se uporablja tudi za večplastne modularne talne panele. Okoljska deklaracija izdelka (EPD) se lahko izdela za en izdelek ali posamezne izdelke, skupine izdelkov in povprečni izdelek.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Netekstilne, tekstilne in laminirane talne obloge - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za opredelitev vrste izdelkaElastische, textile und Laminat-Bodenbeläge - Umwelt-Produktdeklarationen - ProduktkategorieregelnRevêtements de sol résilients, textiles et stratifiés - Déclarations environnementales des produits - Règles régissant les catégories de produitsResilient, textile and laminate floor coverings - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules97.150Talne oblogeFloor coverings13.020.20Okoljska ekonomija. TrajnostnostEnvironmental economics. SustainabilityICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16810:2017SIST EN 16810:2017en,fr,de01-julij-2017SIST EN 16810:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16810:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16810
May
t r s y ICS
s uä r t rä w râ
{ yä s w r English Version
Resilientá textile and laminate floor coverings æ Environmental product declarations æ Product category rules Revêtements de sol résilientsá textiles et stratifiés æ Déclarations environnementales des produits æ Règles régissant les catégories de produits
Elastischeá textile und LaminatæBodenbeläge æ UmweltæProduktdeklarationen æ Produktkategorieregeln This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s u February
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x z s rã t r s y ESIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Abbreviations . 10 5 General aspects . 11 5.1 Objectives of product categorization rules . 11 5.2 EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered . 11 5.3 Comparability of EPD for floor coverings . 14 5.4 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD . 15 5.5 Communication formats . 15 6 Product Category Rules for LCA . 15 6.1 Product category . 15 6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included . 15 6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA . 16 6.4 Inventory analysis . 22 6.5 Accounting for biogenic carbon during the life cycle . 24 6.6 Impact assessment . 25 7 Content of the EPD . 26 7.1 Declaration of general information . 26 7.2 Declaration of environmental parameters derived from LCA . 29 7.3 Scenarios and additional technical information. 32 7.4 Aggregation of information modules . 35 8 Project report . 35 8.1 General . 35 8.2 Background report . 35 8.3 LCA-related elements of the project report . 35 8.4 Documentation on additional information . 37 8.5 Data availability for verification . 37 9 Verification and validity of an EPD . 38 Annex A (normative)
Requirements and guidance on the reference service life . 39 Annex B (Informative)
Reference Service Life (RSL) for floor covering . 43 Annex C (Informative)
Waste . 44 Bibliography . 45
SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16810:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 134 “Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 4 Introduction This European standard provides core product category rules for resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings. It is based on the principles laid down in EN 15804 and in EN ISO 14025 and modified to suit the specific needs of the product families addressed in the scope of this standard. It provides a structure to ensure that all Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings processes are derived, verified and presented in a harmonized way. An EPD communicates verifiable, accurate, non-misleading environmental information for products and their applications, thereby supporting scientifically based, fair choices and stimulating the potential for market driven continuous environmental improvement. EPD information is expressed in information modules, which allow easy organization and expression of data packages throughout the life cycle of the product. The approach requires that the underlying data should be consistent, reproducible and comparable. The EPD is expressed in a form that allows aggregation (addition) to provide complete information for buildings. This standard does not deal with aggregation at the building level nor does this standard describe the rules for applying EPD in a building assessment. The standard deals with a limited number of quantifiable predetermined parameters. Future revisions may incorporate additional parameters. This European Standard provides the means for developing a Type III environmental declaration of resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard provides product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental product declarations (EPD) for resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings. This standard applies to the following types of floor coverings: — resilient floor coverings manufactured from plastics, linoleum, cork or rubber, including loose-laid mats; — textile floor coverings, including loose-laid mats, rugs and runners; — laminate floor coverings; — modular floating floor coverings panels; An EPD may be developed for single or individual products, product groups and average products. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 15398, Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings - Floor covering standard symbols - Complementary element EN 15804:2012+A1:2013, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products CEN/TR 15941, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Methodology for selection and use of generic data EN 15942, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Communication format business-to-business EN 16485, Round and sawn timber - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules for wood and wood-based products for use in construction EN ISO 10874, Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings - Classification (ISO 10874) EN ISO 14025, Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures (ISO 14025) EN ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006) ISO 15686-1, Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 1: General principles and framework ISO 15686-2, Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 2: Service life prediction procedures ISO 15686-7, Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 7: Performance evaluation for feedback of service life data from practice SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 6 ISO 15686-8, Buildings and constructed assets — Service-life planning — Part 8: Reference service life and service-life estimation ISO 21930, Sustainability in building construction — Environmental declaration of building products 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 ancillary material input material or product that is used by the unit process producing the product, but which does not constitute part of the product [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.2 average data data representative of a product, product group or construction service, provided by more than one supplier Note 1 to entry: The product group or construction service can contain similar products or construction services. 3.3 comparative assertion environmental claim regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product versus a competing product that performs the same function [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.4 co-product any of two or more marketable materials, products or fuels from the same unit process, but which is not the object of the assessment Note 1 to entry: Co-product, by-product and product have the same status and are used for identification of several distinguished flows of products from the same unit process. From co-product, by-product and product, waste is the only output to be distinguished as a non-product. 3.5 declared unit quantity of a floor covering for use as a reference unit in an EPD for an environmental declaration based on one or more information modules Note 1 to entry: For floor coverings the declared unit is 1 m2 of installed floor covering. 3.6 environmental performance performance related to environmental impacts and environmental aspects [SOURCE: ISO 15392 and ISO 21931-1] SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 7 3.7 functional unit quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.8 information module compilation of data to be used as a basis for a Type III environmental declaration covering a unit process or a combination of unit processes that are part of the life cycle of a product [SOURCE: EN ISO 14025] 3.9 life cycle assessment LCA compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.10 life cycle inventory analysis LCI phase of life cycle assessment involving the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.11 manufacturer's declaration environmental product declaration (EPD) by a manufacturer: — for a specific product from one plant or as an average from several plants or — for an average product from one plant or as an average from several plants Note 1 to entry: A reference product, which describes a specific (usually typical) product, can also be declared. 3.12 manufacturer's group declaration EPD for a specific or average product as an average from several manufacturers’ plants 3.13 non-renewable energy energy from sources which are not defined as renewable energy sources 3.14 non-renewable resource resource that exists in a finite amount that cannot be replenished on a human time scale [SOURCE: ISO 21930] SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 8 3.15 performance expression relating to the magnitude of a particular aspect of the object of consideration relative to specified requirements, objectives or targets Note 1 to entry: Adapted from the definition in ISO 6707-1 according to the draft recommendation of ISO/TC 59 Terminology. 3.16 product category group of construction products that can fulfil equivalent functions [SOURCE: EN ISO 14025, modified] 3.17 product category rules PCR set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for developing Type III environmental declarations for one or more product categories [SOURCE: EN ISO 14025] 3.18 product system collection of unit processes with elementary and product flows, performing one or more defined functions, and which models the life cycle of a product [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.19 programme operator body or bodies that conduct a Type III environmental declaration programme Note 1 to entry: A program operator can be a company or a group of companies, industrial sector or trade association, public authorities or agencies, or an independent scientific body or other organization. 3.20 recycling diverting a discarded product or semi-finished product from waste and using it for the manufacture of a new product 3.21 renewable energy energy from renewable non-fossil sources EXAMPLES Wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases. [SOURCE: Directive 2009/28/EC, modified] SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 9 3.22 renewable resource resource that is grown, naturally replenished or naturally cleansed, on a human time scale Note 1 to entry: A renewable resource is capable of being exhausted, but may last indefinitely with proper stewardship. Examples include: trees in forests, grasses in grassland, fertile soil. [SOURCE: ISO 21930] 3.23 reference service life RSL service life of a construction product which is known to be expected under a particular set, i.e., a reference set, of in-use conditions and which may form the basis of estimating the service life under other in-use conditions 3.24 re-use re-use of processing waste in the same process that generated the waste 3.25 scenario collection of assumptions and information concerning an expected sequence of possible future events 3.26 secondary fuel fuel recovered from previous use or from waste which substitutes primary fuels Note 1 to entry: Processes providing a secondary fuel are considered from the point where the secondary fuel enters the system from the previous system. Note 2 to entry: Any combustible material recovered from previous use or from waste from the previous product system and used as a fuel in a following system is a secondary fuel. Note 3 to entry: Examples for primary fuels are: coal, natural gas, biomass, etc. Note 4 to entry: Examples for secondary fuels recovered from previous use or as waste are: solvents, wood, tyres, oil, animal fats. 3.27 specific data data representative of a product, product group or construction service, provided by one supplier 3.28 third party person or body that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the issues in question Note 1 to entry: “Parties involved” are usually supplier (“first party”) and purchaser (“second party”) interests. [SOURCE: EN ISO 14024] SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 10 3.29 type III environmental declaration environmental declaration providing quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information Note 1 to entry: The calculation of predetermined parameters is based on the ISO 14040- series of standards, which is made up of ISO 14040, and ISO 14044. The selection of the predetermined parameters is based on ISO 21930 (adapted from ISO 14025). 3.30 upstream, downstream process process(s) that either precedes (upstream) or follows (downstream) a given life cycle stage 3.31 waste substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard [SOURCE: European Waste Directive 2008/98/EC, modified] 3.32 unit process smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis for which input and output data are quantified [SOURCE: EN ISO 14040] 3.33 biogenic produced in natural processes by living organisms but not fossilized or derived from fossil resources 3.34 biogenic carbon carbon derived from biomass 4 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. 4.1 EPD Environmental product declaration 4.2 FCSS Floor covering standard symbol 4.3 LCA Life cycle assessment 4.4 LCI Life cycle inventory analysis SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 11 4.5 LCIA Life cycle impact assessment 4.6 PCR Product category rules 4.7 RSL Reference service life 5 General aspects 5.1 Objectives of product categorization rules An EPD according to this standard provides quantified environmental information on a harmonized and scientific basis. The purpose of an EPD for floor coverings in the construction sector is to provide the basis for assessing buildings and other construction works, and identifying those, which cause less stress to the environment. Thus the objectives of a PCR for floor coverings are to ensure: — the provision of verifiable and consistent data for an EPD, based on LCA; — the provision of verifiable and consistent product related technical data and/or scenarios for the assessment of the environmental performance of buildings; — the provision of verifiable and consistent product related technical data and/or scenarios potentially related to the health of users for the assessment of the performance of buildings; — that comparisons between floor coverings are carried out in the context of their application in the building; — the communication of the environmental information of floor coverings from business to consumer; Declarations based on this standard are not comparative assertions. NOTE See EN 15804:2012+A1:2013, Clause 3.4 and ISO 14044:2006, Clause 5.1 for more information concerning LCA used for comparative assertion. 5.2 EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered The LCA based information in a business to consumer EPD shall cover the life cycle of a product according to the system boundary (see 6.3.5). For the products in this standard the EPD covers the product stage, installation into the building, the use stage (cleaning and maintenance) and the end-of-life and is said to be 'cradle to grave' and becomes an EPD of construction products based on a LCA, i.e. covering all information modules A1 to A5, B2, C1 to C4 and D. (see Table 1, the grey shaded stages don't apply for floor coverings) Floor covering during its life time in the use stage has no environmental aspects and impacts during their normal (i.e. anticipated) use and is neither repaired, replaced or refurbished (other than at the end of life). As a result, floor coverings are not contributing to modules B1 and B3 to B7 which are set to be zero “0”. Module B2 is including provision of cleaning agent, energy and water consumption for the cleaning of the floor covering incl. wastewater treatment. SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 12 The service lifetime of a floor covering for a certain application on a floor is too widespread to give one common number. For this EPD model the reference service lifetime (RSL) is set to one year (see Annex B). This means that all impacts for the use phase are based on the cleaning and maintenance model for one year (see Table 1). Depending on the area of use based on EN ISO 10874, the technical lifetime advised by the manufacturer and the estimated time on the floor by the customer, the service lifetime could be determined. The use phase impacts should be calculated with the foreseen service life to arrive at the total environmental impact. NOTE Information modules can supply technical information and scenarios for processes for which there is no EPD available, e.g. a cleaning process. SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 13 Table 1 — Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered and life cycle stages and modules for the building assessment
BUILDING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION BUILDING LIFE CYCLE INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION BEYOND THE BUILDING LIFE CYCLE A 1–3 A 4–5 B 1–7 C 1–4 D PRODUCT STAGE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS STAGE USE STAGE END OF LIFE STAGE Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 (1yr) B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4
Raw material supply Transport Manufacturing Transport Construction or installation process Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment De-construction demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal Reuse, recovery, recycling potential
scenario scenario scenario
B6 Operational energy use
scenario B7 Operational water use scenario Cradle to grave (functional unit) M M 1) 2) M 1) 2)
M 1) 2)
M 1) 2) M 1) 2) M 1) 2) M 1) 2) RSL (2) M M = mandatory; 1) inclusion for a declared scenario; 2) if all scenarios are given SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 14 5.3 Comparability of EPD for floor coverings In principle the comparison of products on the basis of their EPD is defined by the contribution they make to the environmental performance of the building. Consequently, comparison of the environmental performance of construction products using the EPD information shall be based on the product’s use in and its impacts on the building, and shall consider the complete life cycle (all information modules). Comparisons of different floor coverings are only allowed, where EN 15804 consistent and/or pre-verified background data and EN 15804 consistent calculation methods and database versions are used and when the building context is taken into account, i.e. on the basis of the same use-classification (EN ISO 10874), same service life and comparable assumptions for the end of life. In order to ensure an equal basis for comparison the assessment of the product of the comparison preferably should be carried out by the same assessor. This contributes to the selection of identical data sets, decisions and choices, etc. in the calculation process. The estimated service life of a floor covering depends e.g. on the kind of floor covering and the area of application, the user himself and the maintenance of the product. Comparisons of different floor coverings are only allowed if these parameters are considered in a consistent way. For this purpose the EN ISO 10874 and ISO 15686-1 give guidance. The difference between two products may be insignificant in the building context. NOTE 1 EPD that are not in a building context are not tools to compare construction products and construction services. NOTE 2 For the sustainability assessment of buildings comparisons of the environmental aspects and impacts need to be undertaken in conjunction with the social and economic aspects and impacts related to the building. NOTE 3 For the interpretation of a comparison, benchmarks or reference values are needed. This standard does not set benchmarks or reference values. NOTE 4 the product is integrated in the building and may impact the technical performance and functional use of the building. E.g. safety aspects (slippery floors), contribution to the acoustical comfort, demand for cleaning (maintenance). Comparisons are possible at the sub-building level, e.g. for assembled systems, components, products for one or more life cycle stages. In such cases the principle that the basis for comparison of the assessment is the entire building, shall be maintained by ensuring that: — the same functional requirements as defined by legislation or in the client’s brief are met; and — the environmental performance and technical performance of any assembled systems, components, or products excluded are the same; and — the amounts of any material excluded are the same; and — excluded processes or life cycle stages are the same; and — the influence of the product systems on the operational aspects and impacts of the building are taken into account. The information provided for such comparison shall be transparent to allow the purchaser or user to understand the limitations of comparability. A justification shall be given for any excluded aspects. SIST EN 16810:2017
EN 16810:2017 (E) 15 5.4 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD A manufacturer or a group of manufacturers are the sole owners and have liability and responsibility for an EPD. 5.5 Communication formats The communication format of the EPD shall be in accordance with EN 15942. The format of the EPD shall address the complete content of the EPD specified in Clause 7. It can be communicated via hard copy or via electronic media 6 Product Category Rules for LCA 6.1 Product category The product category referred to in this standard includes resilient, textile, laminate and multi-layer modular floor coverings. 6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included 6.2.1 General The environmental information of an EPD for floor coverings (“cradle to grave”) shall be subdivided into the information module groups A1-A3, A4-A5, B2, C1-C4 and module D (see Table 1). Information modules include impacts and aspects related to losses in the module in which the losses occur (i.e. production, transport, and waste processing and disposal of the lost waste products and materials). 6.2.2 A1-A3, Product stage, information modules The product stage includes: — A1, raw material extraction and processing, processing of secondary material input (e.g. recycling processes),
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