ISO/TC 145 - Graphical symbols

This document specifies safety information for overground piping systems related to the content of the piping system and associated hazards for the purposes of accident prevention, reducing risks to health and providing information for use in case of an emergency. This document does not cover piping that is buried. Safety signing of the hazards in an area is not part of this document. This document does not cover risk assessment. This document can also be used for marine structures and ships.

This document gives guidance for the selection and use of water safety signs as specified in ISO 7010 and beach safety flags as specified in ISO 20712-2 in aquatic environments. It provides guidance on their location, mounting positions, lighting and maintenance. It also provides guidance on the design and location of multiple signs. This document does not apply to traffic signs for use on the public highway or maritime signalling. It is not applicable to flags for use on firing ranges or to flags used to indicate water quality. It does not cover means of escape signs or their possible illumination. NOTE This document refers to water safety signs which were originally specified in ISO 20712-11) .These water safety signs have been integrated in ISO 7010, but are not specifically identified as water safety signs. 1) Cancelled and replaced by ISO 7010.

This document provides principles, criteria and guidance for the design of graphical symbols for use in safety signs as defined in ISO 3864-1, and for the safety sign element of product safety labels as defined in ISO 3864-2.

This document specifies the laboratory test method for the measurement of photopic luminance of phosphorescent materials classified in accordance with ISO 22578.

This document specifies a safety information system for tanks made by combining several elements onto a single marking to communicate health and hazard safety information and information in case of an emergency for the purpose of accident prevention. The organization's risk assessment will determine when and where this safety information system for tanks will be used. Possible applications include, but are not limited to: — markings installed on or near fixed above-ground tanks; — markings installed on portable tanks; — markings installed on or near tanks used in production facilities, marine structures and ships; — markings posted on or near interchangeable containers with fixed connection; — markings installed on or near overground elements of underground tanks. This document establishes additional principles to ISO 3864-1 for the purpose of establishing design principles for the display of safety information on tanks typically found in workplaces, industry and other facilities with tanks and containers. It covers safety information for tanks only. It is not intended for use on products. This document does not cover tanks that are moved or transported. It does not apply to the labelling according to the United Nations' Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). Safety signing of the hazards in an area is not part of this document.

This document specifies principles, requirements and methods for the installation of public information guidance systems. It also provides guidelines on the assessments of the outcomes of public information guidance systems. It is intended for use by organizations providing design and installation services in the field of public information guidance systems and organizations selecting, using or developing relative assessments. This document is applicable to the installation and assessment of public information guidance systems used in public places, such as bus and railway stations, airports, shopping centres, shops, hospitals, exhibition halls, sports and entertainment complexes, urban areas, parks, gardens and countryside, public attractions, museums and commercial office buildings. This document is not applicable to: — variable message signs (e.g. dynamic message signs, matrix signs and electronic traffic displays); — sectors (e.g. traffic signs on a public highway) which are subject to specific regulations or specified installation principles; however, in a given public environment or within a wayfinding and signing design brief, public information sometimes needs to be associated with other messaging, so many of the principles contained in this document can be relevant in the planning of a coordinated scheme.

This document specifies graphical symbols for the purposes of public information. This document is generally applicable to public information symbols in all locations and all sectors where the public has access. However, it is not applicable to safety signs or those sectors subject to specific regulations (e.g. traffic signs on public roads). This document specifies the original symbols that can be scaled for reproduction and application purposes. The symbols can be used in conjunction with text to improve comprehension.

This document specifies the principles governing the design and application of signs and plans used to create a natural disaster safety way guidance system to help people evacuate to safe areas or places of refuge in case of natural disasters (e.g. tsunamis, floods, debris flows, steep slope failures, landslides, tornados, large-scale fires, active volcanoes). This document provides guidance on the selection and use of safety signs conforming to ISO 7010, public information symbols conforming to ISO 7001, and text on evacuation route signs, places of refuge signs and evacuation plan signs for information related to one or more particular natural disasters. Guidance on the design, location, mounting positions and maintenance of the sign components of a natural disaster safety way guidance system is also provided. This document does not apply to the determination of the need for natural disaster safety way guidance. This document assumes that the risk assessment or requirements of an enforcing authority have established the need for such natural disaster safety way guidance systems. This document is not applicable to the particular hazards of high winds, snow avalanches, earthquakes or hurricanes, which cause the natural disasters covered in this document. This document is applicable to safety way guidance from natural disasters from the outside of buildings to safe areas. ISO 16069 is applicable to safety way guidance within a building to the emergency exit(s).

This document establishes design principles for displayed escape plans that contain information relevant to fire safety, escape, evacuation and rescue of the facility's occupants. These plans may also be used by intervention forces in case of emergency. These plans are intended to be displayed as signs in public areas and workplaces. This document is not intended to cover the plans to be used by external safety services nor detailed professional technical drawings for use by specialists.

This document serves to complement the basic standards for safety signs: the ISO 3864 series, ISO 7010, ISO 16069, ISO 23601 and ISO 17398, as well as ISO 45001. This document contains recommendations and explanations on the practical application of safety signs to form a system of communication intended to reduce risk.

This document prescribes safety signs for the purposes of accident prevention, fire protection, health hazard information and emergency evacuation. The shape and colour of each safety sign are according to ISO 3864‑1 and the design of the graphical symbols is according to ISO 3864‑3. This document is applicable to all locations where safety issues related to people need to be addressed. However, it is not applicable to the signalling used for guiding rail, road, river, maritime and air traffic and, in general, to those sectors subject to a regulation which may differ with regard to certain points of this document and of the ISO 3864 series. This document specifies the safety sign originals that can be scaled for reproduction and application purposes.

The ISO 7000 database provides a collection of graphical symbols which are placed on equipment or parts of equipment of any kind in order to instruct the person(s) using the equipment as to its operation. Each graphical symbol is identified by a reference number and contains a title, graphical representations in vectorized and non-vectorized formats, and some additional data as applicable, such as the function or the description of the symbol, the intended use, related symbols or publications. Various search and navigation facilities allow for easy retrieval of graphical symbols. The complete product is available at the following URL. Please copy the link below in your browser: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search/grs/

This document specifies requirements and gives a range of guidelines for various stages of preparation, design, construction, inspection and updating that comprise an information index signs used in public places. This document is applicable to the design and use of information index signs used in public places such as bus and railway stations, airports, shopping centres, stores, hospitals, exhibition halls, sporting and entertainment complexes, urban areas, parks, gardens and countryside, public attractions, museums and commercial office buildings. The design and use of information index signs in working areas can also use the content of this document for reference. This document is not applicable to those sectors (for example, traffic signs on a public highway) which are subject to regulations or specified design principles. However, in a given public environment or within a wayfinding and signing design brief, where there is sometimes a need for public information to be associated with other messaging, many of the principles contained in this document can be relevant in the planning of a coordinated scheme.

ISO 16069:2017 describes the principles governing the design and application of visual components used to create a safety way guidance system (SWGS). ISO 16069:2017 contains general principles valid both for electrically powered and for phosphorescent components. Special information which is related to the type of component is given to assist in defining the environment of use, choice of material, layout, installation and maintenance of SWGS. ISO 16069:2017 does not cover risk assessment. Applications with different risks to the occupants typically require different layouts and types of SWGS. The specific application and exact final design of SWGS is entrusted to those persons responsible for this task. ISO 16069:2017 also does not include the special considerations of possible tactile or audible components of SWGS, nor does it include requirements for high mounted components of the emergency escape route lighting, especially the design and application of emergency escape route lighting. ISO 16069:2017 is intended, by collaboration and coordination, to be used by all other Technical Committees within ISO and IEC charged with developing SWGS for their specific requirements. ISO 16069:2017 is not to be used for ships falling under regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

ISO 3864-2:2016 establishes additional principles to ISO 3864‑1 for the design of safety labels for products, i.e. any items manufactured and offered for sale in the normal course of commerce, including but not limited to consumer products and industrial equipment. The purpose of a product safety label is to alert persons to a specific hazard and to identify how the hazard can be avoided. ISO 3864-2:2016 is applicable to all products in all industries where safety-related questions can be posed. However, it is not applicable to safety labels used - for chemicals, - for the transport of dangerous substances and preparations and - in those sectors subject to legal regulations which differ from certain provisions of this document. The design principles incorporated in this document are intended to be used by all ISO Technical Committees and anyone designing product safety labels in the development of product safety label standards for their industries or services.

ISO 28564-2:2016 gives a range of guidelines for various stages of preparation, design, construction, inspection, updating and testing which comprise a location sign or a direction sign used in public places and working areas. ISO 28564-2:2016 is applicable to the design and use of location signs and direction signs used in all sorts of public places, such as shopping centres, stores, hospitals, bus and railway stations, airports, sporting, exhibition halls and entertainment complexes, urban areas, parks, gardens and countryside, public attractions, museums and commercial office buildings. The design and use of location signs and direction signs in working areas can also resort to the content for reference. It is not applicable to those sectors (for example, traffic signs on a public highway), which are subject to regulations or specified design principles. However, in a given public environment or within a wayfinding and signing design brief, public information sometimes needs to be associated with other messaging, so many of the principles contained in this part of ISO 28564 can be relevant in the planning of a coordinated scheme.

ISO 9186-3:2014 specifies a method for testing the referent association of graphical symbols intended to communicate information to users who are familiar with what the symbol is intended to denote or represent (the referent). The referents can be specialized, so that the general public cannot be expected to be familiar with them without familiarity training. The intention is to develop graphical symbols which are correctly recognized by users familiar with the referents when no supplementary (i.e. explanatory) text is presented. When such a graphical symbol cannot be obtained, it might be necessary to present a graphical symbol together with supplementary text explaining its meaning in the language of the intended users. NOTE 1 Alternatively, it could be necessary to inform people about the meaning of the graphical symbol by including its meaning in manuals, instructions, or training. NOTE 2 ISO 9186‑1 specifies a method for testing the comprehensibility of graphical symbols. ISO 9186‑2 specifies a method for testing the perceptual quality of graphical symbols, the extent to which the elements of the graphical symbol can be correctly identified.

ISO 9186-1:2014 specifies a method for testing the comprehensibility of graphical symbols. It provides a measure of the extent to which a variant of a graphical symbol communicates its intended message. The purpose is to ensure that graphical symbols and signs using graphical symbols are readily understood. The intention is to encourage the development of graphical symbols which are correctly understood by users when no supplementary (i.e. explanatory) text is presented. When such a graphical symbol cannot be developed, it might be necessary to present a graphical symbol together with supplementary text explaining its meaning in the language of the intended users.

ISO 3864-1:2011 establishes the safety identification colours and design principles for safety signs and safety markings to be used in workplaces and in public areas for the purpose of accident prevention, fire protection, health hazard information and emergency evacuation. It also establishes the basic principles to be applied when developing standards containing safety signs. ISO 3864-1:2011 is applicable to all locations where safety issues related to people need to be addressed. However, it is not applicable to the signalling used for guiding rail, road, river, maritime and air traffic and, generally speaking, to those sectors subject to a regulation which may differ.

ISO 3864-4:2011 establishes the colorimetric and photometric requirements and test methods for the colours of safety signs to be used in workplaces and public areas. It provides the colorimetric and photometric specifications for the named safety and contrast colours prescribed in ISO 3864­1. The physical requirements that safety signs have to meet are primarily related to daytime colour and normally lit environments. ISO 3864-4:2011 also includes the colorimetric requirements and test methods for safety signs and phosphorescent material which also operate in unlit environments. ISO 3864-4:2011 is applicable to all locations where safety issues related to people need to be addressed. However, it is not applicable to signalling used for guiding rail, road, river, maritime and air traffic and, generally speaking, to those sectors subject to a regulation that may differ. The colorimetric and photometric properties of retroreflective safety signs, retroreflective materials combined with fluorescent or phosphorescent materials, or luminous safety signs activated by a radioactive source are not specified in ISO 3864-4:2011.

ISO 28564-1:2010 specifies requirements and principles for the design and application of location plans, maps and diagrams used in public areas and workplaces to assist users to understand the environment, locate facilities and determine appropriate routes to reach those facilities. These location plans, maps and diagrams are referred to as location plans in ISO 28564-1:2010. Location plans are intended for use in, for example, shopping centres, stores, hospitals, bus and train stations, airports, sporting and entertainment complexes, urban areas, parks, gardens and countryside, public attractions, museums and office complexes. ISO 28564-1:2010 is not applicable to the design of escape plans, nor does it cover the design of directional and location wayfinding signs.

IEC 80416-1:2008 provides basic principles and guidelines for the creation of graphical symbols for registration, and provides the key principles and rules for the preparation of title, description and note(s). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - a) Clause 8 in the previous edition is moved to Clause 4; - b) Mandatory requirement for the line width in symbol originals is changed to 2 mm or 4 mm (see 6th paragraph of 7.3); - c) For negation of a graphical symbol, a single diagonal bar is allowed in addition to two diagonal bars at right angles; - d) A new meaning of negation 'do not' is allowed; - e) Some freedom is given for use of the basic pattern such as for symbol originals to be within the 75 mm square instead of the octagon; - f) Annex A (normative) is newly introduced for provisions on title, description and notes; - g) The nature of notes is changed to be purely informative; and - h) Clause 10 in the previous edition is moved to Annex C (informative). It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108. This International Standard has been prepared in co-operation with ISO/TC145/SC 3. It is published as a double logo standard.

ISO 9186-2:2008 specifies a method for testing the perceptual quality of graphical symbols, to verify that the elements that constitute a graphical symbol are readily identifiable by the eventual user population.

ISO 22727:2007 specifies requirements for the creation and design of public information symbols. It specifies requirements for the design of public information symbols for submission for registration as approved public information symbols, including line width, the use of graphical symbol elements and how to indicate negation. It also specifies templates to be used in the design of public information symbols. ISO 22727:2007 is for use by all those involved in the commissioning and the creation and design of public information symbols. It is not applicable to safety signs, including fire safety signs, or to traffic signs for use on the public highway. Examples are given for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute requirements for particular public information symbols.

ISO 20712-2:2007 specifies requirements for the shape and colour of beach safety flags for the management of activities on coastal and inland beaches, to be used for giving information on wind and water conditions and other hazardous conditions, and to indicate the location of swimming and other aquatic activity zones extending from the beach into the water. It also specifies the colorimetric and photometric properties and the physical properties, including strength and colour fastness, of the materials from which beach safety flags are to be made. It is not applicable to flags for use on firing ranges or to flags for use to indicate water quality or to signalling used for maritime traffic.

ISO 80416-4:2005 provides guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) on a wide range of equipment, such as photocopiers, vehicle dashboards and home appliances. It also provides principles for maintaining the fidelity of icons to the original graphical symbols.

ISO/IEC Guide 74:2004 gives procedures for the development of graphical symbols for public information, use in safety signs and product safety labels, and use on equipment and products. Such graphical symbols can be included in consumer documentation. ISO/IEC Guide 74:2004 does not cover road traffic signs and graphical symbols for use in technical documentation. Rules for the design of graphical symbols are given in International Standards. ISO/IEC Guide 74:2004 brings together information on relevant international reference documents and standards to assist technical committees and designers to follow best practice when considering the need for a new graphical symbol. IMPORTANT -- The colours represented in the electronic file of ISO/IEC Guide 74:2004 can be neither viewed on screen nor printed as true representations. Although the copies of ISO/IEC Guide 74:2004 printed by ISO have been produced to correspond (with an acceptable tolerance as judged by the naked eye) to the requirements of ISO 3864-1, it is not intended that these printed copies be used for colour matching. Instead, consult ISO 3864-1 which provides colorimetric and photometric properties together with, as a guideline, references from colour order systems.

This part of IEC 81714 specifies requirements concerning the classification of connect nodes assigned to graphical symbols, being a representation of functional and product concepts. Due to the strong interrelation between the product and its corresponding graphical representation, identical classification principles are applied for both the classification of connect nodes of products as well as for the classification of networks and their representation by graphical symbols in computer-aided systems

ISO 17398:2004 specifies requirements for a performance-related classification system for safety signs according to expected service environment, principal materials, photometric properties, means of illumination, fixing methods and surface. Performance criteria and test methods are specified in ISO 17398:2004 so that properties related to durability and expected service life can be characterized and specified at the time of the product's delivery to the purchaser. ISO 17398:2004 does not cover electrical power supplies, their components or electrically powered elements. It also does not cover properties of illuminating components, but the photometric properties for the particular types of safety signs are covered.

ISO 17724:2003 defines terms relating to graphical symbols, principally symbols for public information and use on equipment and safety signs. It does not include terms related to graphical symbols for diagrams [technical product documentation (tpd) symbols]. The definitions are intended to serve as a basis for consideration by those concerned with producing new, or revising existing standards.

IEC 80416-3:2002 provides guidelines for the application of graphical symbols for use on equipment in order to maintain visual clarity and overall consistency when such graphical symbols are applied. It stipulates the permissible extent by which a symbol original may be modified in reproduction for actual use on equipment.

This document specifies safety information for overground piping systems related to the content of the piping system and associated hazards for the purpose of accident prevention, reducing risks to health and providing information for use in case of an emergency. This document does not cover piping that is buried. Safety signing of the hazards in an area is not part of this document. This document can also be used for marine structures and ships.

This document gives guidance for the selection and use of water safety signs as specified in ISO 7010 and beach safety flags as specified in ISO 20712-2 in aquatic environments. It provides guidance on their location, mounting positions, lighting and maintenance. It also provides guidance on the design and location of multiple signs. This document does not apply to traffic signs for use on the public highway or maritime signalling. It is not applicable to flags for use on firing ranges or to flags used to indicate water quality. It does not cover means of escape signs and their illumination which may be present. NOTE 1 The illustrations in this document are as accurate as possible within the limitations of the printing process. NOTE 2 This document refers to water safety signs which were originally specified in ISO 20712-1[1]. These water safety signs have been integrated in ISO 7010, but are not specifically identified as water safety signs. [1] This document has been withdrawn and replaced by ISO 7010.