EN ISO 19160-2:2023
(Main)Addressing - Part 2: Assigning and maintaining addresses for objects in the physical world (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Addressing - Part 2: Assigning and maintaining addresses for objects in the physical world (ISO 19160-2:2023)
This document focuses on assigning and maintaining addresses that allow the unambiguous determination of an object in the physical world for purposes of identification and location in the context of public administration and public service delivery. During assignment, an address is first associated with a particular object in the physical world. During maintenance, the address changes, for example, it is re-assigned to a different object, one or more of the address components are modified (e.g. a street name change), or the address is retired when it is no longer used. This document:
a) specifies a good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data; and
b) specifies a governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data.
Very often local governments (e.g. municipalities) are assigned the mandate for the planning, implementation, evaluation and ongoing maintenance of addresses, and they are often supported by other organizations, such as the national government, a postal agency, private sector companies and national or regional organizations. This document is applicable to all organizations who have an interest, role or responsibility in address assignment and maintenance, for example in terms of:
— developing legislation, policies or regulations for addressing;
— facilitating and coordinating the naming of address components (the constituent parts of an address) and announcing and communicating these names;
— installing address component signs in the physical world;
— designing and implementing business processes related to address assignment and maintenance;
— designing, implementing and maintaining access to address data;
— developing software to facilitate the above; and
— using addresses.
Adressierung - Teil 2: Zuteilung und Pflege von Objektadressen in der physischen Welt (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Adressage - Partie 2: Attribution et mise à jour des adresses pour les objets du monde physique (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Le présent document porte principalement sur l'attribution et la mise à jour des adresses permettant de caractériser un objet du monde physique de manière univoque à des fins d'identification et de localisation dans le contexte de l'administration publique et la fourniture de services publics. Lors de l'attribution, une adresse est d'abord associée à un objet particulier dans le monde physique. L'adresse change au cours de la maintenance, par exemple, elle est réattribuée à un objet différent, un ou plusieurs des composants d'adresse sont modifiés (par exemple un changement de nom de rue), ou l'adresse est retirée quand elle n'est plus utilisée. Le présent document:
a) spécifie de bonnes pratiques d'attribution et de mise à jour des adresses et des données d'adresse; et
b) spécifie un cadre de gouvernance pour l'attribution et la mise à jour des adresses et des données d'adresse.
Il arrive fréquemment que les administrations locales (par exemple les municipalités) se voient confier la mission de planification, de mise en œuvre, d'évaluation et de mise à jour en continu des adresses. Elles sont souvent soutenues par d'autres organismes, telles que les administrations nationales, une agence postale, des entreprises privées et des organismes nationaux et régionaux. Le présent document est applicable à tous les organismes ayant un intérêt, un rôle ou une responsabilité dans l'attribution et la mise à jour des adresses, par exemple en ce qui concerne:
— élaborer une législation, des politiques ou des réglementations d'adressage;
— faciliter et coordonner le nommage des composants d'adresse (les éléments constitutifs d'une adresse), et annoncer et communiquer ces noms;
— installer des plaques de composants d'adresse dans le monde physique;
— concevoir et mettre en œuvre des opérations liées à l'attribution et à la mise à jour des adresses;
— concevoir, mettre en œuvre et maintenir l'accès aux données d'adresse;
— développer des logiciels permettant de faciliter les tâches ci-dessus; et
— utiliser les adresses.
Naslavljanje - 2. del: Dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov za objekte v fizičnem svetu (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Ta dokument se osredotoča na dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov, ki omogočajo nedvoumno določitev objekta v fizičnem svetu za namene identifikacije in določitve položaja v okviru javne uprave oziroma izvajanja javnih storitev. Med dodelitvijo je naslov najprej povezan z določenim objektom v fizičnem svetu. Med vzdrževanjem se naslov spremeni, npr. je znova dodeljen drugemu objektu, spremeni se ena ali več komponent naslova (npr. sprememba imena ulice) ali pa se naslov odstrani, ko se ne uporablja več. Ta dokument:
– oblikuje splošen nabor ciljev za dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov;
– določa načela za dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov;
– določa dobro prakso za dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov; ter
– določa okvir upravljanja v zvezi z dodeljevanjem in vzdrževanjem naslovov.
Lokalne oblasti (npr. občine) imajo zelo pogosto pooblastila za načrtovanje, izvajanje, vrednotenje in stalno vzdrževanje naslovov, velikokrat pa jih podpirajo druge organizacije, kot so državna oblast, podjetja zasebnega sektorja in nacionalne ali regionalne organizacije. Ta dokument je relevanten in se uporablja za vse organizacije, ki imajo interes, vlogo ali odgovornost na področju dodeljevanja in vzdrževanja naslovov, kot je:
– razvoj zakonodaje, politik ali predpisov v zvezi z naslavljanjem;
– omogočanje in usklajevanje poimenovanja komponent (sestavnih delov) naslova ter objavljanje in sporočanje teh imen;
– namestitev znakov za komponente naslovov v fizičnem svetu;
– načrtovanje in izvajanje poslovnih procesov, povezanih z dodeljevanjem in vzdrževanjem naslovov;
– načrtovanje, izvajanje in vzdrževanje dostopa do podatkov o naslovu;
– razvoj programske opreme, ki bi omogočila zgoraj navedeno; ter
– uporaba naslovov.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2024
Naslavljanje - 2. del: Dodeljevanje in vzdrževanje naslovov za objekte v fizičnem
svetu (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Addressing - Part 2: Assigning and maintaining addresses for objects in the physical
world (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Adressierung - Teil 2: Zuteilung und Pflege von Objektadressen in der physischen Welt
(ISO 19160-2:2023)
Adressage - Partie 2: Attribution et mise à jour des adresses pour les objets du monde
physique (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19160-2:2023
ICS:
03.240 Poštne storitve Postal services
35.240.69 Uporabniške rešitve IT pri IT applications in postal
poštnih storitvah services
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 19160-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 03.240; 35.240.70
English Version
Addressing - Part 2: Assigning and maintaining addresses
for objects in the physical world (ISO 19160-2:2023)
Adressage - Partie 2: Attribution et mise à jour des Adressierung - Teil 2: Zuteilung und Pflege von
adresses pour les objets du monde physique (ISO Objektadressen in der physischen Welt (ISO 19160-
19160-2:2023) 2:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19160-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19160-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19160-2:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19160-2:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19160-2
First edition
2023-11
Addressing —
Part 2:
Assigning and maintaining addresses
for objects in the physical world
Adressage —
Partie 2: Attribution et mise à jour des adresses pour les objets du
monde physique
Reference number
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 6
5 Notation — identifiers .8
6 Overview . 8
7 Good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses. 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Principles .13
7.2.1 Addressing principles . 13
7.2.2 Address data principles . 18
8 Governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses .19
8.1 General . 19
8.2 Addressing stakeholders .20
8.3 Processes . 21
8.3.1 Addressing processes.22
8.3.2 Address data processes . 24
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .25
Annex B (informative) Examples of objectives for assigning and maintaining addresses .36
Bibliography .41
iii
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
287, Geographic Information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 19160 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Introduction
An address is structured information that allows the unambiguous determination of an object for
purposes of identification and location (ISO 19160-1:2015). The objects exist in the physical world
(i.e. virtual objects are excluded) and can be outdoor (e.g. a building) or indoor (e.g. an office inside a
building).
Addresses provide one of the most common ways to locate and identify an object in the physical world.
They are essential for the management of cities, for governance and public administration generally, for
service delivery in the public and private sector, and they can give people status or (legal) identity in
society. They also play an important role in detecting emerging hotspots and clusters of infected cases
during an epidemic or pandemic. Yet, in many parts of the world, addresses do not exist or are poorly
maintained, and even if they exist, corresponding address data is often lacking or incomplete. Many
stakeholders are involved in address assignment and maintenance, including local governments, postal
operators, geographic naming councils, people who live or work at an address, and users of addresses,
such as banks, local and national governments, e-commerce, and service providers for utilities,
deliveries and emergency response.
This document specifies how to plan, implement and maintain addresses and corresponding address
data in order to gain maximum benefits for governance and society in the long run. The aim of this
document is to facilitate the design, planning and implementation of address assignment and
maintenance by specifying requirements and recommendations for objectives, principles, good practice
and a governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses based on international good
practice. Where regional or national standards already exist, this document can complement them.
This document supports the first goal of the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management
(UN-GGIM) Integrated Geospatial Information Framework (IGIF) (http://ggim.un.org/), namely,
enabling geospatial (address) information governance, policy and institutional arrangements that
ensure effective geospatial (address) information management, accommodate individual organizational
requirements and arrangements, and that are aligned to national and global policy frameworks.
This document supports the Universal Postal Union’s initiative, “Addressing the World – An Address for
Everyone”, which promotes the establishment of national addressing infrastructures to the benefit of
all. The document is also useful for those involved in slum upgrading, as addresses are often assigned
when housing conditions in settlements are being improved.
In many Euro-centric countries, reference to a road network in the address is common, while addresses
in countries such as Japan comprise a hierarchy of administrative areas without reference to a
thoroughfare. In countries with vast tracts of land, an address can comprise only a place name or the
name of an oasis in a desert. Therefore, this document does not intend to promote uniform addresses
across the world. It specifies good governance and management practices for any kind of address
so that challenges related to address assignment and maintenance can be resolved consistently and
sustainably. The requirements and recommendations in this document are aimed at upholding a long-
lasting addressing infrastructure that meets today’s needs for addressing, but can also be used by
future generations.
This document is part of the ISO 19160 series on addressing. The other parts in the ISO 19160 series
include:
— ISO 19160-1, Addressing – Part 1: Conceptual model, which lays out a conceptual model for address
information (address model), and provides terms and definitions that describe the concepts in the
model. A profile of ISO 19160-1 is a model that specifies addresses and address data for a specific
country, region or application.
— ISO 19160-3, Addressing – Part 3: Address data quality, which establishes a set of data quality elements
and measures for describing the quality of address data. ISO 19160-3 also describes procedures for
reporting data quality and provides guidelines for the use of the established set of data quality
elements and measures for describing the quality of address data. By using ISO 19160-3 to assess
v
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
and describe the quality of address data, information about the quality can be shared and the data
can be improved accordingly (if necessary).
— ISO 19160-4, Addressing – Part 4: International postal address components and template language,
which defines key terms for postal addressing, postal address components and constraints on their
use. ISO 19160-4 is also published as UPU S42 by the Universal Postal Union. ISO 19160-4 is a profile
of ISO 19160-1, i.e. it is a conceptual model for addresses used for postal addressing.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Addressing —
Part 2:
Assigning and maintaining addresses for objects in the
physical world
1 Scope
This document focuses on assigning and maintaining addresses that allow the unambiguous
determination of an object in the physical world for purposes of identification and location in the
context of public administration and public service delivery. During assignment, an address is first
associated with a particular object in the physical world. During maintenance, the address changes, for
example, it is re-assigned to a different object, one or more of the address components are modified (e.g.
a street name change), or the address is retired when it is no longer used. This document:
a) specifies a good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data; and
b) specifies a governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses and address data.
Very often local governments (e.g. municipalities) are assigned the mandate for the planning,
implementation, evaluation and ongoing maintenance of addresses, and they are often supported by
other organizations, such as the national government, a postal agency, private sector companies and
national or regional organizations. This document is applicable to all organizations who have an
interest, role or responsibility in address assignment and maintenance, for example in terms of:
— developing legislation, policies or regulations for addressing;
— facilitating and coordinating the naming of address components (the constituent parts of an address)
and announcing and communicating these names;
— installing address component signs in the physical world;
— designing and implementing business processes related to address assignment and maintenance;
— designing, implementing and maintaining access to address data;
— developing software to facilitate the above; and
— using addresses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19105, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
address
structured information that allows the unambiguous determination of an object for purposes of
identification and location
EXAMPLE 1 Address where the object is a business: 611 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10022.
EXAMPLE 2 Address where the object is a building: Lombardy House, 809 Lombardy Street, The Hills, 0039,
South Africa.
EXAMPLE 3 Address where the object is a building: 411 Hannuri-daero, Sejong 30116, Republic of Korea.
EXAMPLE 4 Address where the object is a thing, e.g. an emergency water supply facility: 201-ho, 107
Samcheong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03049, Republic of Korea.
EXAMPLE 5 Address where the object is a natural object, e.g. a park: Ujung Kulon National Park, Ujunjaya,
Banten, Republic of Indonesia.
Note 1 to entry: The object is identifiable in the real world, i.e. electronic and virtual addresses are excluded.
Note 2 to entry: “Identification” refers to the fact that the structured information in the address unambiguously
determines the object, i.e. it helps the human to identify the object. In other words, “identification” here does not
refer to unique identifiers in a database or dataset.
Note 3 to entry: There can be many addresses for an object, but at any moment (or lifecycle stage), an address
unambiguously determines a single object.
Note 4 to entry: Two addresses from two different address classes (3.4) (i.e. they have different sets of components)
for the same addressable object (3.2) are two different addresses.
Note 5 to entry: Two addresses for the same addressable object and from the same address class, but in two
different languages are two different addresses.
Note 6 to entry: In addition to the addressable object, there may be a multitude of people, organizations,
addressees or other objects associated with an address. These are external to the address model.
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.1, modified — Example 3 has been modified. Example 4 has been added.
Notes 3, 4, 5 and 6 to entry have been shortened.]
3.2
addressable object
object that may be assigned an address (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.2]
3.3
address assignment method
way in which addresses are assigned according to the rules of an address reference system (3.10)
3.4
address class
description of a set of addresses that share the same address components (3.5), operations, methods,
relationships, and semantics
EXAMPLE 1 “25 Blue Avenue Hatfield 0028” and “384 Green Street Motherville 2093” are from the same
address class.
EXAMPLE 2 “PO Box 765 Goodwood 33948” and “PO Box 567 Grayville 98373” are from the same address
class.
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.4]
3.5
address component
constituent part of the address (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: An address component may reference another object such as a spatial object (e.g. an
administrative boundary or a land parcel) or a non-spatial object (e.g. an organization or a person).
Note 2 to entry: An address component may have one or more alternative values, e.g. alternatives in different
languages or abbreviated alternatives.
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.5]
3.6
address data management system
system concerned with the organization and control of address data
Note 1 to entry: Adapted for use in the addressing (3.7) domain from ISO/IEC TR 10032:2003, 2.30.
3.7
addressing
activities involving addresses
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.6]
3.8
addressing infrastructure
fundamental facilities, services, systems and installations that provide a country, city or area with
addresses required for the functioning of society
3.9
addressing stakeholder
individual, group of people or organization with an interest, or with a role or responsibility in the
governance framework (3.15) for address assignment and maintenance
EXAMPLE 1 A citizen (individual) or an organization has an interest in the address for their place of residence
or business to be included in a municipal dataset.
EXAMPLE 2 A community (group of people) has an interest in the names assigned to streets in their suburb.
EXAMPLE 3 A municipality (organization) has the responsibility to assign or maintain addresses within its
area of jurisdiction.
EXAMPLE 4 A private sector service provider who maintains address data on behalf of a municipality.
Note 1 to entry: Adapted for use in the addressing (3.7) domain from ISO/PAS 19450:2015, 3.65.
3.10
address reference system
defined set of address components (3.5) and the rules for their combination into addresses
Note 1 to entry: The address assignment method (3.3) creates addresses according to the rules of the address
reference system.
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.8, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.11
child address
address (3.1) defined relative to a parent address (3.17)
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.9]
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
3.12
child addressable object
addressable object (3.2) that is addressed relative to another addressable object
EXAMPLE 1 An apartment within an apartment building.
EXAMPLE 2 In Japan, a jukyo bango (residence number) within a gaiku (block).
EXAMPLE 3 A building within a complex of buildings. In Korea, a dong (wing or section of a building) within a
group of buildings.
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.10]
3.13
emergency management
overall approach for preventing emergencies and managing those that occur
Note 1 to entry: In general, emergency management utilizes a risk management approach to prevention,
preparedness, response and recovery before, during and after potentially destabilizing events and/or disruptions.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.88]
3.14
good practice
method that has been proven to work well and produce good results, and is therefore recommended as
a model
Note 1 to entry: Methods or techniques described as good practice have usually been tested over time and
validated, in the broad sense, through repeated trials before being accepted as worthy of adoption more broadly.
Note 2 to entry: A good practice is typically derived from practitioners who work in a specified field, e.g. in the
assignment and maintenance of addresses and address data, after it has been proven in practice.
Note 3 to entry: Even though a good practice is only recommended as a model, if it is followed, then some parts
or aspects of it may be required. Therefore, the requirements specified for a good practice in this document are
conditional requirements, i.e. they are required only if the good practice is followed.
[SOURCE: ISO 14055-1:2017, 3.1.3, modified — Notes 2 and 3 to entry have been added.]
3.15
governance framework
strategies, policies, decision-making structures and accountabilities through which
addressing stakeholders (3.9) assign and maintain addresses in a sustainable manner
EXAMPLE Citizens have an interest in addresses and are therefore addressing stakeholders, but they do not
necessarily have any accountabilities in the governance framework.
Note 1 to entry: Not all addressing stakeholders are assigned tasks and responsibilities in the governance
framework.
Note 2 to entry: The requirements specified for a governance framework in this document are conditional
requirements, i.e. they are required only if a governance framework is implemented.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted for use in the addressing (3.7) domain from ISO/IEC TR 38502:2017, 3.1.
3.16
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a
manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121317, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been removed.]
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
3.17
parent address
address (3.1) of a parent addressable object (3.18)
Note 1 to entry: Addresses of the child addressable objects (3.12) fully inherit the address components (3.5) of a
parent address.
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.13]
3.18
parent addressable object
addressable object (3.2) that fully encloses one or more other addressable objects
EXAMPLE 1 An apartment building with many apartments within.
EXAMPLE 2 In Japan, a gaiku (block) with many jukyo bango (residence number).
EXAMPLE 3 A complex of many buildings. In Korea, a group of buildings with many dong (wings or sections of
a building).
[SOURCE: ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.14]
3.19
profile
set of one or more base standards or subsets of base standards, and, where applicable, the identification
of chosen clauses, classes, options and parameters of those base standards, that are necessary for
accomplishing a particular function
EXAMPLE The South African national standard for address data exchange, SANS 1883-2:2018, is a profile of
ISO 19160-1:2015. It specifies a selection of clauses, classes and options from ISO 19160-1:2015 to be used for the
exchange of address data in South Africa.
Note 1 to entry: A profile is derived from base standards so that by definition, conformance to a profile is
conformance to the base standards from which it is derived.
[SOURCE: ISO 19106:2004, 4.5, modified — An EXAMPLE has been added.]
3.20
public service
work, information, a commodity or utility that is provided to the general public to add value
EXAMPLE Running water, post (mail), sewage, refuse collection, electricity, emergency response.
[27] [10]
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from SANS 1883-1:2009 and Avis (2016).
3.21
service delivery
interaction between a provider and a client where the provider offers a service
EXAMPLE 1 Many governments are providers of public services, such as running water, electricity and
emergency response.
EXAMPLE 2 “In order to support the concept of the single postal territory of the Union, member countries shall
ensure that all users/customers enjoy the right to a universal postal service involving the permanent provision
[34]
of quality basic postal services at all points in their territory, at affordable prices.”
Note 1 to entry: Good service delivery provides clients with an increase in value. The provision of sufficient,
affordable and quality basic services is considered a core function of governments. Service delivery, e.g. water,
sanitation, waste management and housing, correlates closely with the health and well-being of citizens.
[10]
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from Avis (2016).
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
4 Conformance
This document defines conformance classes for the respective specification targets in Table 1, in
accordance with ISO 19105:2022. An objective, good practice or governance framework for assigning
and maintaining addresses claiming conformance with this document shall implement the relevant
conformance class. Conformance with this document shall be assessed against the relevant conformance
test cases specified in the abstract test suite in Annex A of this document.
The name and contact information of the maintenance agency for this document can be found at www
.iso .org/ maintenance _agencies.
Table 1 — Conformance classes
Conformance class Specification target Unique Resource Identifier (URI) Abstract
test suite
GoodPractice Good practice for assigning /19160/-2/1/conf/goodPractice A.2
and maintaining addresses
GovernanceFramework Governance framework for /19160/-2/1/conf/governanceFrame- A.3
assigning and maintaining work
addresses
Some of the conformance classes are structured into subclasses, as indicated in Figure 1. A conformance
class is dependent on its subclasses, i.e. the subclasses are also used to test conformance to the parent
conformance class. Annex A includes a comprehensive diagram that also lists requirements and
recommendations under each of the conformance classes.
Figure 1 — Conformance classes and their subclasses
For easy reference, the requirements and recommendations specified in this document are listed in
Tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 — Requirements specified in this document
No Identifier Clause
1 /req/goodPractice/general/objectives 7.1
2 /req/goodPractice/general/context 7.1
3 /req/goodPractice/general/conceptualModel 7.1
4 /req/goodPractice/general/licence 7.1
5 /req/goodPractice/general/communicationThroughPhysicalIdentifiers 7.1
6 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/sustainableAssignmentMethod 7.2.1
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
No Identifier Clause
7 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/pilotingAssignmentMethod 7.2.1
8 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/deviceIndependence 7.2.1
9 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/noPersonalInformation 7.2.1
10 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/dimensionsCongruentWithObjectives 7.2.1
11 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressing/suitableComponents 7.2.1
12 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressData/representsAddressInPhysicalWorld 7.2.2
13 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressData/interoperability 7.2.2
14 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressData/dataMaintenance 7.2.2
15 /req/goodPractice/principles/addressData/digitalMaintenance 7.2.2
16 /req/governanceFramework/general/strategy 8.1
17 /req/governanceFramework/general/policies 8.1
18 /req/governanceFramework/general/goodPractice 8.1
19 /req/governanceFramework/addressingStakeholders/identification 8.2
20 /req/governanceFramework/addressingStakeholders/responsibilities 8.2
21 /req/governanceFramework/addressingStakeholders/mandates 8.2
22 /req/governanceFramework/addressingStakeholders/resourcing 8.2
23 /req/governanceFramework/addressingStakeholders/sustainability 8.2
24 /req/governanceFramework/processes/specification 8.3
25 /req/governanceFramework/processes/tasks 8.3
26 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/initiationProcess 8.3.1
27 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/proposeValuesProcess 8.3.1
28 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/approvalProcess 8.3.1
29 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/announcementProcess 8.3.1
30 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/communicationProcess 8.3.1
31 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressData/updateProcess 8.3.2
32 /req/governanceFramework/processes/addressData/distributionProcess 8.3.2
Table 3 — Recommendations specified in this document
No Identifier Clause
1 /rec/goodPractice/general/objectivesforPublicGood 7.1
2 /rec/goodPractice/general/ISO19160-1Profile 7.1
3 /rec/goodPractice/general/intellectualPropertyRights 7.1
4 /rec/goodPractice/general/facilitateAssignment 7.1
5 /rec/goodPractice/general/keepingAddressDataInSynch 7.1
6 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressing/unambiguity 7.2.1
7 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressing/equivalentDigitalRecord 7.2.1
8 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressing/updateAddressData 7.2.1
9 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-1 7.2.2
10 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-4 7.2.2
11 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-3 7.2.2
12 /rec/goodPractice/principles/addressData/sharing 7.2.2
13 /rec/governanceFramework/general/policiesSupportObjectivesAndContext 8.1
14 /rec/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/consultationProcess 8.3.1
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
5 Notation — identifiers
URIs for identifiable provisions in this document are specified as partial URIs relative to https://
standards .isotc211 .org/ 19160/ -2/ 1, as specified in ISO 19105.
6 Overview
An addressing infrastructure is a key infrastructure for any country, notably because establishing
legal identity often depends on having an address, and because urban development, economic growth
and the provision of basic services are inextricably linked to the existence of a sound addressing
[33]
infrastructure. This document specifies how addresses should be assigned and maintained to
strengthen a country’s addressing infrastructure.
Figure 2 illustrates the relationships between different aspects related to assigning and maintaining
addresses. A good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses to objects has a specific purpose
reflected in a set of objectives (i.e. why are the addresses assigned?). The good practice is guided by
these objectives (e.g. for service delivery or tax collection) together with the context (e.g. slum upgrading
or smart cities) in which address assignment and maintenance takes place. This good practice is based
on a set of addressing principles, i.e. rules according to which addresses are assigned and maintained,
and a set of principles for address data, i.e. rules according to which address data are maintained in an
address data management system. A governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses
specifies how the good practice is implemented by some of the addressing stakeholders in order to
sustainably maintain addresses that conform to ISO 19160-1:2015 and achieve maximum benefits for
governance and society.
Figure 2 — Relationship between context, objectives, principles, good practice and the
governance framework for address assignment and maintenance
Figure 3 provides a more detailed overview of all the aspects of address assignment and maintenance
described this document.
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Figure 3 — Overview of address assignment and maintenance
[31]
This document supports the first goal of the UN GGIM Integrated Information Framework, namely,
enabling geospatial (address) information governance, policy and institutional arrangements that
ensure effective geospatial (address) information management, accommodate individual organizational
requirements and arrangements, and that are aligned to national and global policy frameworks.
7 Good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses
7.1 General
A good practice for assigning addresses to objects in the physical world specifies requirements and
recommendations for an address assignment method that works well in a particular context and
produces addresses and address data of good quality and is therefore recommended. The good practice
in this document is based on methods that have proven to work well in practice in a range of countries
and municipalities.
An objective for assigning addresses to objects in the physical world specifies the purpose for which
an address is assigned and therefore suggests how the address will be used. An objective guides the
good practice for address assignment and maintenance, e.g. the objective provides guidance on how
addresses should be assigned.
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
Requirement 1. /req/goodPractice/general/objectives
A good practice shall specify one or more objectives for which addresses are assigned and shall be
guided by these objectives.
EXAMPLE 1 AS/NZS 4819:2011, is a standard for addressing in Australia and New Zealand, with the objective
to “… specify requirements for assigning addresses that can be readily and unambiguously identified and
located”.
EXAMPLE 2 Address assignment for emergency response or for enabling service delivery. See Annex B for
more examples.
EXAMPLE 3 Addressing with the objective of slum upgrading, e.g. by making it possible to provide proof of
residence at an officially recognized address.
Recommendation 1. /rec/goodPractice/general/objectivesforPublicGood
An objective should specify that the assignment and maintenance of addresses is done with the purpose
of benefitting governance and society and thereby achieving public good.
EXAMPLE 4 Address data that is accessible and usable by anyone, e.g. freely available as open data, can be
used in many ways to benefit citizens and achieve public good. For example, addresses that are freely available as
open data can be used by anyone for emergency response, deliveries or visiting friends.
EXAMPLE 5 The South African Post Office (SAPO) assigns addresses in rural and underserved areas of
South Africa with the objective of providing formal physical addresses to households across the country. This
will improve the livelihoods of South Africans ensuring that people in rural and underserved areas have postal
services, telecommunication services, water, electricity and other services; can provide their addresses for
security or emergency services; and that they can use their addresses for legislative requirements, such as the
[28]
Financial Intelligence Centre Act, No 38 of 2001.
Requirement 2. /req/goodPractice/general/context
A good practice shall specify the context in which the address assignment and maintenance takes place
and shall be guided by this context.
EXAMPLE 6 Addressing in the context of (remote) rural areas.
EXAMPLE 7 The South African Post Office Limited (SAPO) was given the mandate by its shareholder, the
South African Government, to roll out physical addresses in rural/traditional areas throughout the country. This
mandate, later on, through the National Integrated ICT Policy White Paper and the Postal Services Amendment
Bill, gave SAPO legal custodianship of the National Address Database (NAD).
EXAMPLE 8 In Kenya, the legal framework for the establishment of a National Addressing System is provided
for in the 4th schedule of the Constitution of Kenya & County Government Act, 2012 and CAP 411A of the Laws
of Kenya. The 4th schedule of the Constitution outlines the mandate of County Governments including planning,
housing, county roads, boundaries and land survey that include naming and numbering of property and ensuring
harmony between national and county planning. CAP 411A mandates the Communication Authority to control,
plan, administer and manage addressing and numbering of communications systems and services as further
expounded under the Kenya Information and Communications (Numbering) Regulations of 2010.
Requirement 3. /req/goodPractice/general/conceptualModel
A good practice shall specify the conceptual model for the classes (types) of addresses assigned and
maintained through the good practice. This includes a description of the address reference system, i.e.
a set of address components and the rules for their combination into addresses. For more information
ISO 19160-2:2023(E)
about conceptual models in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) and how they are used in geographic
[16]
information standards, please refer to the ISO/TC 211 website.
EXAMPLE 9 “25 Blue Avenue Hatfield 0028” is an instance of an address class comprising the following
address components: address number, thoroughfare name, place name and postcode.
EXAMPLE 10 SANS 1883-2:2018, is a profile of ISO 19160-1:2015
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