EN 1540:2021
(Main)Workplace exposure - Terminology
Workplace exposure - Terminology
This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or terms which are specific to physical and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe fest, die im Zusammenhang mit der Bewertung der chemischen und biologischen Stoffbelastung am Arbeitsplatz stehen. Dabei handelt es sich entweder um allgemeine Begriffe oder um Begriffe, die für die physikalischen und chemischen Vorgänge bei der Luftprobenahme, das Analyseverfahren oder die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens spezifisch sind.
Das Dokument enthält Begriffe von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung, deren Definition erforderlich ist, um Mehrdeutigkeiten zu vermeiden und um einen widerspruchsfreien Gebrauch dieser Begriffe sicher zu stellen.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie
Le présent document spécifie les termes et définitions liés à l'évaluation de l'exposition aux agents chimiques et biologiques sur les lieux de travail. Il s'agit soit de termes généraux, soit de termes spécifiques aux processus physiques et chimiques de prélèvement de l'air, à la méthode d'analyse ou aux performances de la méthode.
Les termes inclus sont ceux qui sont apparus fondamentaux parce que leur définition est nécessaire pour éviter toute ambiguïté et assurer un usage cohérent.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Terminologija
Ta dokument določa izraze in definicije, ki so povezane z ocenjevanjem izpostavljenosti kemičnim in biološkim dejavnikom na delovnem mestu. To so splošni izrazi ali posebni izrazi za fizične in kemične procese vzorčenja zraka, analitično metodo ali delovanje metode.
Vključeni izrazi so tisti, ki so bili prepoznani kot ključni, ker je njihova definicija potrebna pri izogibanju dvoumnostim in zagotavljanju doslednosti uporabe.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1540:2012
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Terminologija
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1540:2021
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 1540
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.13; 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 1540:2011
English Version
Workplace exposure - Terminology
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Terminologie Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Terminologie
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 December 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1540:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 5
3.1.1 Agents and air pollutants . 5
3.1.2 Particles . 6
3.1.3 Exposure assessment . 11
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling . 13
3.3 Terms related to the analytical method. 19
3.4 Terms related to method performance . 20
3.4.1 Efficiencies . 20
3.4.2 Uncertainties . 21
3.4.3 General statistical terms . 24
3.4.4 Other statistical terms . 26
Annex A (informative) Trilingual alphabetical index of terms defined . 27
Bibliography . 35
European foreword
This document (EN 1540:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of
workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1540:2011.
The major technical changes between this document and the previous edition are as follows:
a) The given terminology has been re-adjusted, where appropriate, to ISO 18158:2016, which
represents a modified ISO-adoption of EN 1540:2011.
b) The subdivision and order of the terms and definitions has partly been changed and simplified by
deleting some subheadings.
c) The following terms and definitions (admitted terms given in italic) have been added:
1) General terms:
aerodynamic diameter, aerodynamic equivalent diameter, agglomerate, aggregate, air sampling
device, appraiser, coagulation, diffusive diameter, diffusive equivalent diameter, dustiness mass
fraction, effective density, equivalent density, exposure by inhalation, exposure profile, inhalation
exposure, material density, median diameter, median particle diameter, microbial compound,
mobility diameter, mobility equivalent diameter, nanomaterial, nano-object, nanoparticle,
nanoscale, particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter, particle diffusive diameter, particle diffusive
equivalent diameter, particle material density, particle mobility diameter, particle mobility
equivalent diameter, particle number concentration, particle size, particle size distribution,
particle surface area, similar exposure group, source domain, surface area, ultrafine particle,
volume diameter, volume equivalent diameter
2) Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling:
area sampling, back pressure, blank, blank sample, direct-reading instrument, flow-controlled
pump, method blank, pressure drop, real-time monitor, stationary sampler, sampling cassette,
vapour sampler
3) Terms related to the analytical method:
test gas
4) Terms related to method performance:
collection efficiency, measurement bias, measurement precision, repeatability condition of
measurement, reproducibility condition of measurement, sampler bias, sampling bias
d) The term "thermodynamic diameter" is no longer used (see 3.1.2.12).
e) The term "efficiency curve" has been deleted as synonymous term for "sampling efficiency".
f) In Annex A, an additional column has been introduced for symbols commonly used.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to the assessment of workplace exposure
to chemical and biological agents. These are either general terms or terms which are specific to physical
and chemical processes of air sampling, the analytical method or method performance.
The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is
necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1 Agents and air pollutants
3.1.1.1
biological agent
bacteria, viruses, fungi and other micro-organisms or microbial compounds, including those which have
been genetically modified, cell cultures and human endoparasites which can provoke hazardous effects
Note 1 to entry: Examples for hazardous effects are infections, allergies, poisoning and inflammations.
Note 2 to entry: Dusts of organic origin, for example pollen, flour dust and wood dust, are not considered to be
biological agents and are therefore not covered by this definition.
3.1.1.2
chemical agent
chemical element or compound on its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced,
used, or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally
and whether or not placed on the market
[SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC Art. 2(a)]
3.1.1.3
air pollutant
chemical or biological agent emitted into the atmosphere either by human activity or natural processes
and adversely affecting humans or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.1, modified – "material" has been replaced with "chemical or biological
agent".]
3.1.1.4
airborne dust
chemical and/or biological agent(s) in solid form, dispersed in air
3.1.1.5
airborne particle
chemical or biological agent in solid or liquid form, dispersed in air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.3, modified – Singular form of term has been used and "fine matter" has
been replaced with "chemical or biological agent".]
3.1.1.6
total airborne particles
all airborne particles present in a given volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.2.4, modified – "all" has been added.]
3.1.1.7
aerosol
airborne particles and the gas (and vapour) mixture in which they are suspended
Note 1 to entry: The airborne particles can be in or out of equilibrium with their own vapours.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.1]
3.1.1.8
bioaerosol
biological agent(s) suspended in air
Note 1 to entry: Airborne dusts of organic origin, for example cotton dust, flour dust and wood dust, are not
considered being bioaerosols and are therefore not covered by this definition.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.2, modified – "aerosol consisting of (a)" has been deleted from the
beginning of the definition and "suspended in air" has been added at the end of the definition.]
3.1.1.9
microbial compound
cell or cell wall component or metabolite of microbial origin
Note 1 to entry: Microbial compounds also include the chemical agents which are produced by microorganisms.
Note 2 to entry: Endotoxins, glucans, mycotoxins and enzymes are examples of microbial compounds. Microbial
DNA is also included in this definition.
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2019, 3.17 modified – New Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.1.10
vapour
gas phase of a substance in a state of equilibrium or disturbed equilibrium with the same substance in a
liquid or solid state below its boiling or sublimation point
3.1.2 Particles
3.1.2.1
health-related fractions
fractions of airborne particles penetrating to different regions of the respiratory tract
Note 1 to entry: The health-related fractions are the inhalable fraction, the thoracic fraction and the respirable
fraction.
3.1.2.2
inhalable fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.2.3
thoracic fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which penetrate beyond the larynx
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.3]
3.1.2.4
respirable fraction
mass fraction of total airborne particles which penetrate to the unciliated airways
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.3.1.4]
3.1.2.5
nanoparticle
ultrafine particle
particle with an equivalent diameter less than 0,1 µm
Note 1 to entry: The term ultrafine particle is often used in the context of particles produced as a by-product of a
process (incidental particles), such as welding fume and combustion fume.
Note 2 to entry: An equivalent diameter can be aerodynamic, diffusive, mobility, volume, geometric, projected-
area or otherwise equivalent.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, A.2.2, modified – "nanoparticle" has been introduced as preferred
term and the original Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been replaced by new Notes to entry.]
3.1.2.6
particle size
linear dimension of a particle determined by a specified measuring procedure and under specified
measurement conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, modified – "measurement method" has been replaced with "measuring
procedure".]
3.1.2.7
particle size distribution
distribution of particles as a function of particle size
Note 1 to entry: Particle size distribution can be expressed as cumulative distribution or a distribution density
(distribution of the fraction of material in a particle size class, divided by the width of that class).
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN ISO 14644-1:2015.
[SOURCE: EN 17199-1:2019, 3.6]
3.1.2.8
particle number concentration
C
N
number of particles related to the unit volume of the carrier gas
−3
Note 1 to entry: The particle number concentration is given as number per cubic centimetre [cm ].
[SOURCE: EN 16897:2017, 3.7, modified – The original Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted and
replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.2.9
dustiness
propensity of materials to produce airborne dust during handling
Note 1 to entry: Dustiness is not an intrinsic property as it depends on how it is measured.
3.1.2.10
dustiness mass fraction
w
D
ratio of a health-related fraction of airborne dust produced by the dustiness test procedure to the test
mass for the respective test method
3.1.2.11
particle aerodynamic diameter
aerodynamic diameter
particle aerodynamic equivalent diameter
aerodynamic equivalent diameter
d
ae
diameter of a sphere of 1 g/cm density with the same terminal settling velocity in calm air as the particle,
under the prevailing conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity
Note 1 to entry: In the human respiratory tract, the separation of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller
than approximately 0,4 µm is better characterized by the particle diffusive equivalent diameter.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.4.8, modified – Further admitted terms, letter symbol and Note 1 to entry
have been taken over from EN 16966:2018.]
3.1.2.12
particle diffusive diameter
particle diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive equivalent diameter
diffusive diameter
DEPRECATED: thermodynamic diameter
d
de
diameter of a sphere with the same diffusion coefficient as the particle under prevailing condition of
temperature and pressure within the respiratory tract
Note 1 to entry: For particles with aerodynamic diameter above approximately 0,4 μm, the aerodynamic
diameter becomes more significant in characterizing deposition than particle diffusive diameter.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13138:2012, 3.2, modified — 'Particle diffusive diameter" has been introduced as new
preferred term, further admitted terms have been added, term 'thermodynamic diameter' is referred as
deprecated; the original Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been deleted and replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.2.13
particle mobility diameter
particle mobility equivalent diameter
mobility equivalent diameter
mobility diameter
d
me
diameter of a sphere carrying a single elementary charge with the same drift speed in an electric field as
the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: The mobility diameter of a particle depends on its size, shape and electric charge level (which
depends on the charging process involving its capacitance, i.e. its capacity to become electrically charged by bipolar
air ions), but not of its density.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.21]
3.1.2.14
volume diameter
volume equivalent diameter
diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and
pressure
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.25, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.2.15
agglomerate
collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external
surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces,
or simple physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.1]
3.1.2.16
aggregate
particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area can be
significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components
Note 1 to entry: The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those
resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement.
Note 2 to entry: Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed
primary particles.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, 3.5]
3.1.2.17
coagulation
process caused by relative motion between particles which causes particles to collide with each other
and thereafter adhering to one another
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.5, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.2.18
equivalent density
effective density
ratio of mass of an agglomerate/aggregate to the volume of a sphere defined by an equivalent diameter
of the same agglomerate/aggregate
Note 1 to entry: The equivalent density generally decreases as the size of an agglomerate/aggregate increases.
Note 2 to entry: An equivalent diameter can be aerodynamic, diffusive, mobility, volume, geometric, projected-
area or otherwise equivalent.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.7, modified – "effective density" has been replaced in Note 1 to entry by
"equivalent density" and Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.1.2.19
material density
particle material density
ratio of particle mass to particle volume excluding all pores, voids and other gas containing compartments
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.11]
3.1.2.20
median diameter
median particle diameter
particle size of a particle distribution for which one-half of the total number of particles are larger and
one-half are smaller
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.12, modified – The word "of" has been added between "one-half" and "the
total number".]
3.1.2.21
nanomaterial
material with any external dimensions in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure
in the nanoscale
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.4]
3.1.2.22
nano-object
discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale
Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each
other.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.5]
3.1.2.23
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm
Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this
length range.
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.1]
3.1.2.24
surface area
particle surface area
external (geometric) surface area of a particle
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.24, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.3 Exposure assessment
3.1.3.1
workplace
designated area or areas in which the work activities are carried out
3.1.3.2
exposure
situation in which a worker is affected by a chemical agent or a biological agent which is present in the
workplace air
3.1.3.3
inhalation exposure
exposure by inhalation
situation in which a chemical agent or biological agent is present in the air that is inhaled by a person
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.1, modified – General term "exposure", for which a new definition has
been introduced, has been changed to "inhalation exposure" and "exposure by inhalation" used as
admitted term; the context reference "" has been deleted from the definition.]
3.1.3.4
dermal exposure
contact between a chemical agent or biological agent and human skin
3.1.3.5
occupational exposure limit value
OELV
limit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing
zone of a worker in relation to a specified reference period
Note 1 to entry: The term “limit value” is often used as a synonym for “occupational exposure limit value” but the
term “occupational exposure limit value” is preferred because there is more than one limit value (e.g. biological limit
value and occupational exposure limit value).
Note 2 to entry: Occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) are often set for reference periods of 8 h but can also
be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions. OELVs for gases and vapours are stated in terms independent
of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m (equivalent to ppm) and in terms dependent on those variables
in mg/m for a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. OELVs for airborne particles and mixtures of
particles and vapours are given in mg/m or multiples of that for actual environmental conditions (temperature,
3 3
pressure) at the workplace. OELVs of fibres are given in number of fibres/m or number of fibres/cm for actual
environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) at the workplace.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.4, modified – Cross references in Note 2 to entry have been removed
and "(equivalent to ppm)" added.]
3.1.3.6
averaging time
period of time for which the measuring procedure yields a single value
Note 1 to entry: For direct reading instruments the averaging time is related to the internal electrical time
constant. For other procedures it is normally equal to the sampling time.
3.1.3.7
breathing zone
space around the nose and mouth from which breath is taken
Note 1 to entry: Technically the breathing zone corresponds to a hemisphere (generally accepted to be 30 cm in
radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joining the ears. The base of the
hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head and the larynx.
3.1.3.8
measuring procedure
measurement procedure
measurement method
set of operations described specifically for the sampling and analysis of chemical agents or biological
agents in workplaces
Note 1 to entry: A measuring procedure usually includes preparation for sampling, conducting the sampling,
transportation and storage, and sample preparation for analysis and conducting the analysis.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.6, modified – "in air" has been replaced with "in workplaces".]
3.1.3.9
reference period
specified period of time for which the occupational exposure limit value of a chemical agent or biological
agent applies
Note 1 to entry: The reference period is usually 8 h for long-term occupational exposure limit values and 15 min
for short-term occupational exposure limit values.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.1.5.7, modified – "measurements" has been replaced twice in Note 1 to entry
by "occupational exposure limit values".]
3.1.3.10
appraiser
person who is sufficiently trained and experienced in occupational hygiene principles, working and
measurement techniques to conduct the part of the assessment they are performing according to the
state of the art
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.1, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.3.11
exposure profile
description of the exposure variations to a chemical agent in relation to the definable series of activities
from the periods under consideration
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.2, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.3.12
similar exposure group
SEG
group of workers having the same general exposure profile for the chemical and/or biological agent(s)
being studied because of the similarity and frequency of the tasks performed, the materials and processes
with which they work, and the similarity of the way they perform the tasks
[SOURCE: EN 689:2018+AC:2019, 3.1.3, modified – "and/or biological" has been added.]
3.1.3.13
source domain
SD
generation mechanism that determines particle emission characteristics for a particular life cycle stage
Note 1 to entry: Different mechanisms determine the emission rate, particle size distribution, source location and
transport of nano-objects, agglomerates and aggregates (NOAA) during the various life cycle stages (synthesis,
downstream use, application or treatment of products and end of life).
[SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 21623:2018, 3.17, modified – Explanation of acronym NOAA has been added.]
3.2 Terms related to the physical and chemical processes of workplace air sampling
3.2.1
air sample
collected sample
product of the process of air sampling that consists of the collected chemical agents and/or biological
agents only
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.2, modified – "air sample" has been introduced as preferred term and
the parentheses before and after "air" have been removed from the definition.]
3.2.2
sampler
air sampler
air sampling device
device for separating and/or collecting chemical agents and/or biological agents from the surrounding
air
Note 1 to entry: Air samplers are generally designed for a particular purpose, e.g. for sampling gases and vapours
or for sampling airborne particles.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1, modified –"air sampling device" has been introduced as further
admitted term and the domain entry has been removed.]
3.2.3
sampling
air sampling
process consisting of the collection of chemical agents and/or biological agents from air or the
withdrawal or isolation of a fractional part of a larger volume of air
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.1, modified – The domain entry has been
removed.]
3.2.4
sampling method
air sampling method
all steps of the measuring procedure that describe the physical process of air sampling
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.2 modified – The domain entry has been
removed.]
3.2.5
sampling train
one or more air samplers connected in series, along with associated sampling equipment and connecting
tubing, used to collect one or more chemical and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.6, modified – "apparatus consisting of" has been deleted from the
beginning of the definition, "and/or biological" has been added before "agents" and the parentheses
before and after "air" have been removed from the definition.]
3.2.6
personal sample
product of the process of using a sampler, attached to a person, to collect gases, vapours, and/or airborne
particles in the breathing zone for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or
biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.3]
3.2.7
personal sampler
sampler, attached to a person, that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles in the breathing zone for
the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.2]
3.2.8
personal sampling
process of using a sampler, attached to a person, to collect gases, vapours or airborne particles in the
breathing zone for the purpose of measuring exposure to chemical agents and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.3]
3.2.9
static sample
area sample
product of using a sampler in a stationary location that collects gases, vapours and/or airborne particles
for the purpose of measuring the concentration of chemical agents and/or biological agents at the
workplace
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.1.4, modified – "exposure to" has been replaced by " the concentration of
… at the workplace".]
3.2.10
static sampler
area sampler
stationary sampler
sampler, not attached to a person, that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles at a particular location
for the purpose of measuring the concentration of chemical agents and/or biological agents at the
workplace
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.3, modified –"stationary sampler" has been introduced as further
admitted term and "stationary" has been deleted from the beginning of the definition; "for the purpose of
measuring the concentration of chemical agents and/or biological agent at the workplace" has been
added at the end of the definition.]
3.2.11
static sampling
area sampling
process of using a sampler in a stationary location that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles for
the purpose of estimating exposure to chemical agents and/or biological agents
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.4, modified – "measuring exposure" has been replaced by "estimating
exposure".]
3.2.12
passive sampler
sampler that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles on a collection substrate without active air
movement
Note 1 to entry: Passive samplers include diffusive samplers for collection of gases and vapours and samplers for
collection of airborne particles based on turbulent diffusion and separation by electrical or other forces.
3.2.13
diffusive sampler
passive sampler that collects gases or vapours at a rate governed by diffusion through a static air layer
and/or permeation through a membrane
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.2]
3.2.14
active sampler
sampler that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles by means of active air movement
Note 1 to entry: Active samplers can collect samples onto a collection substrate such as a filter or a sorbent tube
or can collect samples into a canister or bag.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.3]
3.2.15
pumped sampler
active sampler that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles where the active air movement is induced
by means of a pump
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.4]
3.2.16
aerosol sampler
airborne particle sampler
airborne particulate sampler
device that is used to collect airborne particles
Note 1 to entry: The term "aerosol sampler" is commonly used although it is not in line with the definition of
aerosol given in 3.1.1.7.
Note 2 to entry: The collection of airborne particles can be either active or passive.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.6, modified – Cross reference in Note 1 to entry has been adjusted.]
3.2.17
inhalable sampler
aerosol sampler that is used to collect the inhalable fraction of airborne particles
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.6.1, modified – "from the surrounding air" has been deleted.]
3.2.18
thoracic sampler
aerosol sampler that is used to collect the thoracic fraction of airborne particles
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.6.2, modified – "from the surrounding air" has been deleted.]
3.2.19
respirable sampler
aerosol sampler that is used to collect the respirable fraction of airborne particles
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.6.3, modified – "from the surrounding air" has been deleted.]
3.2.20
vapour sampler
device that is used to collect vapour
[SOURCE: EN 13936:2014, 3.3, modified – "pumped sampler or diffusive sampler" has been replaced by
"device".]
3.2.21
mixed-phase sampler
sampler or sampling train that is used to collect airborne particles and vapours onto one or more
collection substrates
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.1.7]
3.2.22
length-of-stain detector tube
transparent tube containing chemical reagents in which a colour change is produced on a graduated scale,
based on concentration of a specific chemical agent, when a sample is drawn through it
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.4, modified – "glass tube" has been replaced by "transparent tube".]
3.2.23
sorbent tube
sampling device, usually made of metal or glass, containing a collection substrate such as a sorbent or a
support impregnated with reagent, through which sampled air passes
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.2.5, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2.24
direct-reading instrument
real-time monitor
device that continuously measures and instantaneously displays and/or records the measured value
Note 1 to entry: The relevant instruments typically report a value every second or even faster. Instruments with
a time resolution of 1 min up to several minutes are usually termed quasi-real-time.
[SOURCE: EN 16966:2018, 3.14, modified – Preferred term "monitor" has been replaced with "direct-
reading instrument"; in the definition text "instrument" has been replaced with "device" and "an entity"
as well as "for the purpose of the measurements" have been deleted; "and/or" has been inserted between
"displays" and "records".]
3.2.25
pressure drop
back pressure
difference between ambient pressure and the pressure at the inlet of the pump, for a constant volume
flow rate setting
Note 1 to entry: The pressure drop is measured across the sampler, the collection substrate and the tubing.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13137:2013, 3.9, modified – context reference has been deleted; "back
pressure" has been introduced as admitted term and ",sometimes referred to as back pressure," has been
deleted from Note 1 to entry instead.]
3.2.26
sampling cassette
cassette mounted on or inside a sampler, designed in such a way that its collection substrate consists of
all its interior surfaces bounding the air-stream with sampled particles, and usually containing a filter or
another suitable collection substrate
[SOURCE: EN 13205-1:2014, 3.1.17, modified – "on or" has been inserted between "mounted" and
"inside"; parentheses have been removed before "bounding" and after "particles".]
3.2.27
loading
amount of sample or analyte collected
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.5, modified – Definitions 2.2.3.5 and 2.2.3.6 have been combined into
one by deletion of the context reference and "or analyte" has been added.]
3.2.28
collection substrate
sampling substrate
collection medium
sampling medium
medium on which airborne chemical agents and/or biological agents are collected for subsequent
analysis
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.7, modified – Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been deleted.]
3.2.29
blank
blank sample
unused collection substrate, taken from the same batch used for sampling, processed so as to measure
artifacts in the measuring procedure (sampling and analysis)
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.8, modified – Admitted term "sample" has been replaced by "blank
sample" and "measurement process" by "measuring procedure".]
3.2.30
laboratory blank
method blank
sample that is not transported to the field and undergoes the same handling as the sample substrate in
the laboratory
Note 1 to entry: The handling of the laboratory blank includes conditioning and placing into the sampler or
transport container when this is done in the laboratory.
Note 2 to entry: The results from the analysis of laboratory blanks are used to correct sample results for
contamination with analyte and/or interferents.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.10, modified – The wording "undergoes the same handling as the sample
substrate in the laboratory" has been deleted from Note 1 to entry and included to the definition; "blank
(sample)" has been replaced by "sample" and "and" inserted before "undergoes"; in Note 1 to entry
"handling of the" has been inserted before "laboratory blank", "including" changed to "includes" and
"samplers" and "containers" changed to singular form.]
3.2.31
field blank
sample that is transported to the sampling site, but not used for sample collection
Note 1 to entry: A field blank is loaded in the sampler, where applicable, and returned to the laboratory in the
same way as a sample.
Note 2 to entry: The results from the analysis of field blanks are used to identify contamination of the sample
arising from handling in the field and during transport.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.9, modified – "blank (sample)" has been replaced by "sample".]
3.2.32
breakthrough volume
volume of air that can be passed through a sampler before the gas or vapour exceeds the capacity of the
sampler
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.1, modified – Context reference and Note 1 to entry have
been deleted.]
3.2.33
flow-controlled pump
pump with nominally constant flow rate provided by an automatic flow control system
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13137:2013, 3.10]
3.3 Terms related to the analytical method
3.3.1
analysis
all operations carried out after sample preparation to determine the amount or concentration of the
analyte(s) of interest present in the sample
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 14902:2005, 3.1.1.
3.3.2
analyte
substance or chemical constituent that is determined in an analytical method
3.3.3
analytical method
all steps of the measuring procedure that describe the overall process of sample preparation and analysis
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this document determination of mass by weighing is considered to be an
analytical method.
3.3.4
homologous series
series of compounds possessing similar physicochemical properties, each member of which differs from
the preceding member by addition of a repeating unit
Note 1 to entry: A common example of the repeating unit is the –CH - methylene group.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.3.4]
3.3.5
interferent
constituent of the (air) sample or other aspect of the sampling or analytical procedure having an adverse
effect on the accuracy of the measurement
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.3.6. modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.3.6
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, B.2.9, modified – Example and Note have been deleted.]
3.3.7
reference sample
sample having a known or measured content and/or loading of the analyte of interest
Note 1 to entry: A reference sample can be analysed to determine the analytical bias or the analytical precision
of a measuring procedure.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.3.10]
3.3.8
sample preparation
all operations carried out on a sample, usually after transportation and storage, to prepare it for analysis,
including transformation of the sample into a measurable state, where necessary
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 14902:2005, 3.1.24.
3.3.9
test gas
gas of sufficient stability and homogeneity whose composition is properly established for use to verify
the response of a measuring instrument or to validate a measuring procedure
[SOURCE: EN ISO 17621:2015, 3.9, modified – "measurement method" has been replaced with
"measuring procedure".]
3.4 Terms related to method performance
3.4.1 Efficiencies
3.4.1.1
method recovery
ratio of the measured concentration of chemical agent in air to its actual concentration
Note 1 to entry: The method recovery is usually given as a percentage.
Note 2 to entry: The method recovery incorporates both sampling efficiency and analytical recovery.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.4.1.2]
3.4.1.2
analytical recovery
ratio of the mass of analyte measured in a sample to the known mass of analyte in that sample
Note 1 to entry: The analytical recovery is usually given as a percentage.
3.4.1.3
selectivity
extent of independence of a measuring procedure from interferences
3.4.1.4
sampling efficiency
sampler efficiency
for each particle aerodynamic diameter, relative fraction of the concentration of airborne particles
collected from the undisturbed air onto the collection substrate for analysis
Note 1 to entry: The sampling efficiency is independent of whether the particle concentration is determined by
number, surface area or mass.
Note 2 to entry: As used in this definition, the word “undisturbed” applies to ideal laboratory conditions where
the presence of the sampler and the body onto which it is mounted do not disturb the determination of the reference
concentration. The word “undisturbed” does not refer to movement of the air itself.
Note 3 to entry: For an aerosol sampler with internal separation, e.g. size-selective sampling, the sampling
efficiency is the product of the inlet efficiency and the internal penetration.
Note 4 to entry: The sampling efficiency only applies to particle sampling. For gases and vapours the sampling
efficiency is not determined and assumed to be included in the method recovery.
Note 5 to entry: The sampling efficiency of samplers for bioaerosols comprises of a physical part, the physical
sampling efficiency and the biological preservation efficiency, as defined in EN 13098.
[SOURCE: ISO 18158:2016, 2.2.3.12, modified – The context reference has been
deleted and Notes 4 and 5 to entry have been added.]
3.4.1.5
collection efficiency
efficiency of collection and retention of sampled particles by the collection substrate
Note 1 to entry: The collection efficiency can, for example be influenced by the amount of particles deposited in
the collection substrate.
Note 2 to entry: The collection efficiency (of a collection substrate) should not be confused with the sampling
efficiency (of a sampler).
Note 3 to entry: The collection efficiency only applies to particle sampling. For gases and vapours the collection
efficiency is not determined and assumed to be included in the method recovery.
[SOURCE EN 13205-1:
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