CEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
(Main)Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
This document provides guidance on the design, selection and optimization of non-contacting hand and arm gestures for human-computer interaction. It addresses the assessment of usability and fatigue associated with different gesture set designs and provides recommendations for approaches to evaluating the design and selection of gestures. This document also provides guidance on the documentation of the process for selecting gesture sets.
This document applies to gestures expressed by humans. It does not consider the technology for detecting gestures or the system response when interpreting a gesture. Non-contacting hand gestures can be used for input in a variety of settings, including the workplace or in public settings and when using fixed screens, mobile, virtual reality, augmented reality or mixed-mode reality devices.
Some limitations of this document are:
— The scope is limited to non-contacting gestures and does not include other forms of inputs. For example, combining gesture with speech, gaze or head position can reduce input error, but these combinations are not considered here.
— The scope is limited to non-contacting arm, hand and finger gestures, either unilateral (one-handed) or bilateral (two-handed).
— The scope assumes that all technological constraints are surmountable. Therefore, there is no consideration of technological limitations with interpreting ultra-rapid gestures, gestures performed by people of different skin tones or wearing different colours or patterns of clothing.
— The scope is limited to UI-based command-and-control human computer interaction (HCI) tasks and does not include gaming scenarios, although the traversal of in-game menus and navigation of UI elements is within scope.
— The scope does not include HCI tasks for which an obviously more optimal input method exists. For example, speech input is superior for inputting text than gesture input.
— The scope includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs).
— The scope does not include the discoverability of gestures but does include the learnability and memorability of gestures. It is assumed that product documentation and tutorials will adequately educate end users about which gestures are possible. Therefore, assessing gesture discoverability is not a primary goal of the recommendations in this document.
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 430: Recommandations pour la conception de la saisie gestuelle sans contact pour la réduction du stress biomécanique (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021)
Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la conception, à la sélection et à l’optimisation des gestes des mains et des bras sans contact pour l’interaction homme-système. Il traite de l’évaluation de l’utilisabilité et de la fatigue associée à différentes conceptions d’ensembles de gestes et fournit des recommandations pour les méthodes d’évaluation de la conception et de sélection des gestes. Le présent document fournit aussi des lignes directrices sur la documentation du procédé pour le choix des ensembles de gestes.
Le présent document s’applique aux gestes effectués par des humains. Il ne tient pas compte de la technologie pour détecter les gestes ou de la réponse du système lors de l’interprétation d’un geste. Les gestes des mains sans contact peuvent être utilisés pour l’entrée de données dans divers lieux, notamment le lieu de travail ou les lieux publics, et en cas d’utilisation de dispositifs à écrans fixes, mobiles, de réalité virtuelle, de réalité augmentée ou en mode mixte.
Les limitations du présent document sont notamment les suivantes:
— le domaine d’application est limité aux gestes sans contact et n’inclut pas les autres formes d’entrées. Par exemple, combiner le geste et la parole, le regard ou la position de la tête peut réduire les erreurs d’entrée; ces combinaisons ne sont pas prises en compte ici;
— le domaine d’application est limité aux gestes des bras, des mains et des doigts sans contact, qu’ils soient unilatéraux (une main) ou bilatéraux (deux mains);
— le domaine d’application suppose que toutes les contraintes technologiques sont surmontables. Par conséquent, il ne tient pas compte des limitations technologiques liées à l’interprétation de gestes ultra-rapides ni des gestes effectués par des personnes de couleur de peau différente ou portant des types de vêtements différents ou de couleurs différentes;
— le domaine d’application est limité aux tâches d’interface utilisateur à commandes et contrôles basés sur une interaction homme-ordinateur et il n’inclut pas les scénarios de jeux, bien que la traversée des menus de jeux et la navigation des éléments d’interface utilisateur entrent dans le domaine d’application;
— le domaine d’application n’inclut pas les tâches d’IHM pour lesquelles il existe une méthode d’entrée de données plus optimale évidente. Par exemple, l’entrée vocale est supérieure à l’entrée gestuelle pour saisir du texte;
— le domaine d’application inclut la réalité virtuelle (VR), la réalité augmentée (AR) et la réalité mixte (MR) et l’utilisation de dispositifs de visualisation sur casques (HMD);
— le domaine d’application n’inclut pas la découvrabilité des gestes, mais il inclut l’apprentissage et la mémorabilité des gestes. Il est supposé que la documentation produit et les didacticiels vont éduquer de façon appropriée les utilisateurs finaux sur les gestes qui sont possibles. Par conséquent, l’évaluation de la découvrabilité des gestes n’est pas un objectif primordial des recommandations fournies dans le présent document.
Ergonomija medsebojnega vpliva človek-sistem - 430. del: Priporočila za načrtovanje brezkontaktnega vnosa s kretnjami za zmanjšanje biomehanske obremenitve (ISO/TS 9241-430:2021) Priporočila za oblikovanje vnosa s kretnjami brez dotika za zmanjšanje biomehanske obremenitve
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
01-februar-2023
Ergonomija interakcije človek-sistem - 430. del: Priporočila za načrtovanje vnosa s
kretnjami brez dotika za zmanjšanje biomehanske obremenitve
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 430: Recommendations for the design of
non-touch gestural input for the reduction of biomechanical stress (ISO/TS 9241-
430:2021)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 430 : Titre manque (ISO/TS 9241-
430:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 9241-430
First edition
2021-12
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 430:
Recommendations for the design
of non-touch gestural input for the
reduction of biomechanical stress
Reference number
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
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kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Selection of non-contacting gestures .3
4.1 Overall approach to the selection of non-contacting gestures . 3
4.2 Large shoulder and elbow movements . 3
4.3 Optimal hand location relative to body . 3
4.4 Wrist and forearm posture . 3
4.5 Comfort of hand postures and motions . 3
4.5.1 Fist, neutral and extended fingers . 3
4.5.2 Asynchronous adjacent finger postures . . 4
4.5.3 Thumb flexion or extension and abduction or adduction. 4
4.5.4 Speed of finger or hand movements and impact . 4
4.5.5 Hand microgestures . 5
5 E valuation of non-contacting gestures . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Laboratory-based study design . 5
5.3 Subjects for studies . 5
5.4 Independent variables . 5
5.5 Example technologies for gesture capture . 6
5.6 Dependent variables (outcome measures) . 6
5.7 Examples of tasks . . 7
5.8 Target size . 8
5.9 Data analysis, interpretation and reporting . 9
Annex A (informative) Example of questionnaire for assessing subjective usability
measures .10
Bibliography .11
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ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Introduction
Non-contacting hand and arm gestures (e.g. mid-air gestures) for interacting with computing devices
are emerging as a useful form of input for both consumer and commercial applications.
Non-contacting gestures can be particularly well-suited for certain tasks, equipment and environments,
such as with wearable technology (e.g. head-mounted displays, instrumented gloves), in dirty or sterile
settings (e.g. kitchens or operating rooms) or for tasks where both hands are also used for other
activities (e.g. sorting packages).
This document provides guidance on the design and selection of non-contacting hand and arm gestures
and recommends methods for the usability and ergonomic evaluation of gestures in order to prevent
fatigue and discomfort during prolonged gesturing.
ISO 9241-910 provides a common set of terms, definitions and descriptions of the various concepts
central to designing and using tactile or haptic interactions. It also provides an overview of the range of
tactile or haptic applications, objects, attributes and interactions.
ISO 9241-920 provides basic guidance (including references to related standards) in the design of tactile
or haptic interactions.
ISO 9241-940 provides ways of evaluating tactile or haptic interaction for various aspects of interaction
quality, such as haptic device attributes, logical space design and usability.
ISO 9241-960 provides guidance on gestures for tactile or haptic interaction. It explains how to describe
their features and what factors to consider when defining gestures.
There are many factors to consider in the selection of non-contacting hand and arm gesture sets for
human-computer interaction, including task, workstation, environment, natural language, recall,
common existing contacting hand gesture sets, technology limitations on gesture recognition, usability,
preference, arm and shoulder fatigue and other ergonomic factors. This document provides guidance
primarily on usability, preference, arm and shoulder fatigue and biomechanical or kinesiology factors.
This document recommends methods to assess these factors based on the reliability and validity of the
methods.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN ISO/TS 9241-430:2023
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 9241-430:2021(E)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 430:
Recommendations for the design of non-touch gestural
input for the reduction of biomechanical stress
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on the design, selection and optimization of non-contacting hand
and arm gestures for human-computer interaction. It addresses the assessment of usability and
fatigue associated with different gesture set designs and provides recommendations for approaches
to evaluating the design and selection of gestures. This document also provides guidance on the
documentation of the process for selecting gesture sets.
This document applies to gestures expressed by humans. It does not consider the technology for
detecting gestures or the system response when interpreting a gesture. Non-contacting hand gestures
can be used for input in a variety of settings, including the workplace or in public settings and when
using fixed screens, mobile, virtual reality, augmented reality or mixed-mode reality devices.
Some limitations of this document are:
— The scope is limited to non-contacting gestures and does not include other forms of inputs. For
example, combining gesture with speech, gaze or head position can reduce input error, but these
combinations are not considered here.
— The scope is limited to non-contacting arm, hand and finger gestures, either unilateral (one-handed)
or bilateral (two-handed).
— The scope assumes that all technological constraints are surmountable. Therefore, there is
no consideration of technological limitations with interpreting ultra-rapid gestures, gestures
performed by people of different skin tones or wearing different colours or patterns of clothing.
— The scope is limited to UI-based command-and-control human computer interaction (HCI) tasks
and does not include gaming scenarios, although the traversal of in-game menus and navigation of
UI elements is within scope.
— The scope does not include HCI tasks for which an obviously more optimal input method exists. For
example, speech input is superior for inputting text than gesture input.
— The scope includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and the use
of head-mounted displays (HMDs).
— The scope does not include the discoverability of gestures but does include the learnability and
memorability of gestures. It is assumed that product documentation and tutorials will adequately
educate end users about which gestures are possible. Therefore, assessing gesture discoverability
is not a primary goal of the recommendations in this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
localized fatigue
reduced ability of muscles to generate force that occurs with prolonged repeated or sustained activities
of the hands and arms
Note 1 to entry: This can be measured as reduced strength or perceived as weakness, discomfort, pain, tremors
or altered motor control of the hand or arm. The symptoms can occur at the time the activity is performed or
hours later.
Note 2 to entry: The fatigue considered here is also known as peripheral fatigue. Central fatigue (e.g. central
nervous system) is not considered.
3.2
anatomical structures and landmarks of the hand
commonly agreed terminology for structures, regions or surfaces of the hands, which facilitate
description of the location of the hand in space
Note 1 to entry: Use medical anatomical terms to describe anatomical structures and landmarks, for example
palmar, dorsal, radial, ulnar surfaces; digits (1 to 4 = index, middle, right, small); thumb; finger and thumb
joints [carpometacarpal joint (CMC), interphalangeal joint (IP), proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and distal
interphalangeal joint (DIP)].
3.3
joint posture
position of the joints of the upper extremities
Note 1 to entry: Some joint postures of interest are fingers and thumb in flexion/extension and abduction/
adduction; wrist in extension/flexion and ulnar/radial deviation; forearm in pronation/supination; elbow in
flexion/extension; and shoulder in flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation and
elevation.
Note 2 to entry: The terms used to describe joint postures can be applied to both static joint postures and
joint movements. A static posture is described in degrees relative to a reference frame (see ISO 9241-400 and
Reference [11]). Joint movement directions are described using the same terms.
3.4
optimal joint posture
joint posture where muscles are in the least activated state
Note 1 to entry: Typically, optimal joint postures are postures where the muscles that control joint movement
are in their least activated state. This may also be referred to as neutral posture, i.e. a position that parts of the
body assume when relaxed. Optimal joint postures are influenced by the posture of adjacent joints, the mass of
adjacent body segments, the direction of gravity relative to the joint postures and other factors.
EXAMPLE Wrist (for power grip): 20° of extension, 0° to 15° of ulnar deviation and a grip diameter of 3 cm
to 5 cm; forearm: 0° to 60° of pronation; elbow: 0° to 90° of flexion; shoulder: 0° to 20° of flexion, 0° to 20° of
abduction and 0° to 60° of internal rotation.
2
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3.5
hand microgesture
movement or posture of the fingers and hand that does not involve movement of the shoulder or
movement of the elbow in flexion or extension
Note 1 to entry: Hand microgestures may also be called finger gestures. Hand microgestures can include forearm
pronation and supination.
4 Selection of non-contacting gestures
4.1 Overall approach to the selection of non-contacting gestures
Many factors should be considered in the design and selection of non-contacting hand and arm gestures
and their assignment to commands. These factors include natural language, memory, ease of forming
gestures, prior gesturing experience and ergonomics. In this clause, recommendations are made for the
ergonomic factors that can influence localized fatigue, comfort and biomechanics. The recommendations
are for gestures that will be repeated or sustained and, therefore, can lead to localized fatigue. The
recommendations do not apply to gestures that are performed infrequently.
4.2 Large shoulder and elbow movements
Shoulder and elbow movements beyond the optimal posture range are inefficient and fatiguing if
performed repeatedly. These movements involve large muscle groups and the metabolic demands are
often high. Motion of the shoulders and elbows within their optimal range is efficient and comfortable.
It is recommended that gestures avoid large shoulder and elbow movement
...
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