EN ISO 13732-3:2005
(Main)Ergonomic of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomic of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
This European Standard describes methods for the assessment of the risk of cold injury and other adverse effects when a cold surface is touched by bare hand/finger skin.
This standard provides ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for cold solid surfaces. The values established can be used in the development of special standards, where surface temperature limit values are required.
The data of this standard will be applicable to all fields where cold solid surfaces cause a risk of acute effects: pain, numbness and frostbite.
The data are not limited to the hands but apply to human skin in general.
The standard is applicable to the healthy skin of adults (females and males). Considerations on the extension of applications are given in Annex B.
Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Bewertungsmethoden für Reaktionen des Menschen bei Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 3: Kalte Oberflächen (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes d'évaluation de la réponse humaine au contact avec des surfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005)
La présente norme européenne décrit les méthodes permettant d’évaluer le risque de lésion ainsi que d’autres effets indésirables induits par le froid au cours du contact d’une main ou d’un doigt nus avec une surface froide.
Elle fournit des données ergonomiques permettant d’établir les valeurs limites de température pour les surfaces solides froides. Les valeurs établies peuvent être utilisées au cours de l’élaboration de normes spécifiques lorsque les valeurs limites pour la température de surface sont requises.
Les données de la présente norme sont applicables à tous les domaines dans lesquels des surfaces solides froides sont à l’origine d’un risque d’effets aigus tels que douleur, engourdissement ou gelures.
Les données ne se limitent pas aux mains mais s’appliquent à la peau humaine en général.
La présente norme s’applique à la peau saine des adultes (hommes et femmes). D’autres considérations sur l’extension possible des applications sont indiquées à l’Annexe B.
Ergonomija toplotnega okolja – Metode za ocenjevanje človekovega odziva na dotik s površinami – 3. del: Hladne površine (ISO 13732-3:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
(UJRQRPLMDWRSORWQHJDRNROMD±0HWRGH]DRFHQMHYDQMHþORYHNRYHJDRG]LYDQD
GRWLNVSRYUãLQDPL±GHO +ODGQHSRYUãLQH ,62
Ergonomic of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces - Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Bewertungsmethoden für Reaktionen des
Menschen bei Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 3: Kalte Oberflächen (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes d'évaluation de la réponse humaine
au contact avec des surfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13732-3:2005
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13732-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2005
ICS 13.040.20; 13.180
English Version
Ergonomic of the thermal environment - Methods for the
assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part
3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Méthodes Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung -
d'évaluation de la réponse humaine au contact avec les Bewertungsmethoden für Reaktionen des Menschen bei
surfaces - Partie 3: Surfaces froides (ISO 13732-3:2005) Kontakt mit Oberflächen - Teil 3: Kalte Oberflächen (ISO
13732-3:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 May 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13732-3:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principles for risk assessment.6
5 Threshold data .8
6 Risk assessment.13
7 Principles for establishing limit values .14
8 Principles for measures to minimize the risk .15
Annex A (informative) Scientific background.16
Annex B (informative) Extension of application.18
Annex C (informative) Thermal properties of selected materials.19
Annex D (informative) Examples of cold risk assessment .20
Annex E (informative) Protective measures .23
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .24
Bibliography .25
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13732-3:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
June 2006.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of this document.
EN ISO 13732 consists of the following parts, under the general title "Ergonomics of the thermal environment -
1)
Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces" :
Part 1: Hot surfaces;
Part 3: Cold surfaces.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1)
Part 2: has been published as ISO Technical specification ISO/TS 13732-2:2001 Human contact with surfaces at moderate
temperature.
Introduction
This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of this document may be
supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this
type B standard.
Working with unprotected hands is often inevitable in the cold operation when a precision task is demanded.
However the contact of bare skin with cold surfaces reduces skin temperature, causing acute effects such as
discomfort, pain, numbness or frostbite. In addition repeated cold exposures with severe cooling of the skin may
induce non-freezing cold injury (possible damage of nerves or vessels). Although the existing international
standards are at hand for the assessment of the cold hazards involved, no standard concerns the special problems
of contacting cold surfaces so far. Assessment of contact cooling is thus considered necessary.
To assess the risk of the cold injury, it is necessary to know the major factors affecting principally hand/finger
cooling on cold surfaces. These factors involve:
properties of the object surface;
temperature of the cold surface and ambience;
duration of contact between the skin and the surface;
characteristics of hand/finger skin and the type and nature of the contact.
In practice, these factors are somewhat interacted and complicated. The type of contact material has an impact on
the contact time at various cold temperatures. Thus, the contact time for the critical contact temperature limits on
cold surfaces were empirically correlated with the major factors such as thermal penetration coefficient and surface
temperature of the material, respectively. The statistically non-linear models (empirical models) based on the
database of lower quartile (75 % protected) are able to estimate the finger/hand contact cooling of a large range of
individuals on the cold surfaces.
This European Standard is designed to integrate all results obtained from the experimental research with both
human fingers and an artificial finger. It outlines a guideline document for the specification of safe time limits of
hand/finger contact with various cold surfaces.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes methods for the assessment of the risk of cold injury and other adverse effects
when a cold surface is touched by bare hand/finger skin.
This standard provides ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for cold solid surfaces. The values
established can be used in the development of special standards, where surface temperature limit values are
required.
The data of this standard will be applicable to all fields where cold solid surfaces cause a risk of acute effects: pain,
numbness and frostbite.
The data are not limited to the hands but apply to human skin in general.
The standard is applicable to the healthy skin of adults (females and males). Considerations on the extension of
applications are given in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
touchable surface
surface of a product, which can be touched by a person
3.2
surface temperature
T
s
temperature of a material surface in °C
3.3
critical contact temperature
T
c
contact temperature at which defined skin response criteria are elicited in °C
3.4
contact period
D
duration during which contact of the skin with the surface takes place in s
3.5
thermal inertia
product of density (ρ), thermal conductivity (K) and specific thermal capacity (c) of a material
3.6
contact factor
F
c
thermal penetration coefficient, computed as square root of the thermal inertia
NOTE The mathematical definition is: F = ρ ⋅ Κ ⋅c .
c
where
ρ is the density of a material;
Κ is the thermal conductivity of a material;
c is the thermal capacity of a material.
3.7
percentile
percentage of population of which specific characteristics fall below or above a given value in a cumulative
distribution
[EN ISO 11064-4]
4 Principles for risk assessment
4.1 General
In order to assess the risk of cold injury and other effects, the following steps (4.2 to 4.8) shall be carried out.
4.2 Identification of cold touchable surfaces
All essential information concerning the cold touchable surfaces of the object shall be gathered. This shall include
the objects attributes:
a) accessibility of the surface;
b) rough estimation of surface temperatures (above or below 0 °C);
c) material and texture of the cold surface;
d) all operating conditions of the object where contact with the cold surface is needed (including the worst case).
4.3 Task observation and analysis
According to the activities and tasks required, all necessary information concerning the contact with the cold
surface shall be collected, by observation or analysis. Particular attention should be paid to possible intentional and
unintentional contact with cold surfaces. The type and nature of the contact shall be identified from the task
observation and analysis:
a) cold surfaces which are or can be touched;
b) intentional or unintentional touching;
c) frequency of intentional touching;
d) probability of unintentional touching;
e) duration of contact with the cold surface;
f) contacting area;
g) contacting force.
4.4 Classification of contact with a cold surface
4.4.1 General
The type of contact is classified according to the following two categories:
4.4.2 Finger touching
Subjects contact a defined material during a short period (up to 120 s). The contact area is small (only finger pad).
4.4.3 Hand gripping
Subjects grip an object of defined material. Gripping is applied constantly for a longer period (up to 1 200 s).
4.5 Measurement of surface temperature
The surface temperatures shall be measured on those parts of the object where skin contact with the surface can
occur.
The measurement shall be carried out under real operating conditions of the object by thermocouples. The
accuracy of the instrument shall be ± 0,5 °C in a range from – 25 to + 5 °C and ± 1 °C below – 25 °C (see
ISO 7726:2001 and [4]).
NOTE The results of the measurement of the surface temperature can only be compared with the threshold values of
Clause 5, if they are realized using the same
...
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