prEN 16247-4

Energy audits - Part 4: Transport

This document is used in conjunction with and is supplementary to EN 16247-1, Energy audits — Part 1: General requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247-1 and is applied simultaneously.
The procedures described here apply to the different modes of transport (road, rail, marine and aviation), as well as the different ranges (local- to long-distance) and what is transported (i.e. goods and people).
This document specifies the requirements, methodology and deliverables specific to energy audits in the transport sector, every situation in which a displacement is made, no matter who the operator is (a public or private company or whether the operator is exclusively dedicated to transport or not), is also addressed in this document.
This document advises on both the optimization of energy within each mode of transport, as well as selecting the best mode of transport in each situation; the conclusions drawn by the energy audit can influence decisions on infrastructure and investment e.g. in teleconferencing or web meetings.
Energy audits of buildings and processes associated with transport can be conducted respectively with the EN 16247-2 Buildings and EN 16247-3 Processes e.g. pipelines, depots and escalators/travelators. This part of the standard does not include the infrastructure which supplies energy e.g. the electricity generation of energy for railways.

Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport

Dieses Dokument ist in Verbindung mit und zusätzlich zu EN 16247-1, Energieaudits — Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen, anzuwenden. Es stellt zusätzliche Anforderungen zu EN 16247-1 bereit und ist gleichzeitig anzuwenden.
Die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Vorgehensweisen gelten sowohl für verschiedene Transportarten (Straße, Schiene, Wasser und Luft) als auch für verschiedene Entfernungen (regional oder Langstrecke) und für verschiedene Transportgüter (d. h. Güter und Personen).
Dieses Dokument legt die für ein Energieaudit im Transportbereich spezifischen Anforderungen, Methoden und Ergebnisse fest, und jede Situation, in der eine Verlagerung von Gütern vorgenommen wird, unabhängig davon, wer der Betreiber ist (ein staatliches oder privates Unternehmen oder ob der Betreiber sich ausschließlich dem Transport widmet oder nicht), wird ebenfalls durch dieses Dokument behandelt.
Dieses Dokument leistet sowohl bei der energiebezogenen Optimierung innerhalb jeder Transportart Hilfestellung als auch bei der Wahl der für jede Situation am besten geeigneten Transportart: Die durch das Energieaudit gezogenen Schlussfolgerungen können die Entscheidungen im Hinblick auf Infrastrukturen und Investitionen, z. B. in Telefon- bzw. Webkonferenzen, beeinflussen.
Energieaudits können bei Gebäuden und Prozessen, die einen Bezug zum Transport haben, jeweils nach EN 16247-2 zu Gebäuden und EN 16247-3 zu Prozessen durchgeführt werden, z. B. bei Rohrleitungen, Depots und Fahrtreppen/Fahrsteigen. Dieser Teil der Norm schließt die Infrastruktur zur Energie-bereitstellung, z. B. die Erzeugung von Elektroenergie für Eisenbahnen, aus.

Audits énergétiques - Partie 4: Transport

Le présent document est utilisé conjointement avec l’EN 16247-1, Audits énergétiques — Partie 1 :
Exigences générales. Il fournit des exigences supplémentaires à celles de l’EN 16247-1 et est appliqué
simultanément.
Les procédures décrites ici s’appliquent aux différents modes de transport (routier, ferroviaire,
maritime et aérien), ainsi qu’aux différentes distances parcourues (transports locaux, longue distance)
et à ce qui est transporté (en somme, des marchandises et des personnes).
Le présent document spécifie les exigences, la méthodologie et les livrables spécifiques des audits
énergétiques dans le secteur des transports ; chaque situation dans laquelle un déplacement est
effectué, quel qu’en soit l’opérateur (une entreprise publique ou privée, ou que l’opérateur soit
exclusivement dédié au transport ou non), est également traitée dans le présent document.
Le présent document donne des conseils à la fois sur l’optimisation de l’énergie pour chaque mode de
transport et sur la sélection du meilleur moyen de transport dans chaque situation. Les conclusions
tirées par l’audit énergétique peuvent avoir une influence sur les décisions concernant les
infrastructures et les investissements, par exemple dans le cadre de téléconférences ou de réunions en
ligne.
Les audits énergétiques des bâtiments et des procédés, associés au transport, peuvent être réalisés en
utilisant respectivement l’EN 16247-2, Bâtiments et l’EN 16247-3, Procédés, par exemple canalisations,
dépôts et escaliers mécaniques/trottoirs roulants. La présente Partie de la norme ne couvre pas
l’infrastructure d’alimentation en énergie, par exemple la production d’énergie électrique pour les voies
ferrées.

Energetske presoje - 4. del: Promet

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 03.120.10 - Quality management and quality assurance
• ICS: 27.015 - Energy efficiency. Energy conservation in general
• ICS: 55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 14 - Energy management, energy audits, energy savings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 14/WG 1 - Energy audits
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Due Date: 20-Jan-2022
• Completion Date: 20-Jan-2022
• Mandate: M/479 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for elaboration of standards regarding energy audits
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 16247-4:2020 - Energy audits - Part 4: Transport

RELATIONS

• Revised: EN 16247-4:2014 - Energy audits - Part 4: Transport
• Effective Date: 08-May-2019

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16247-4:2020
01-marec-2020
Energetske presoje - 4. del: Promet
Energy audits - Part 4: Transport
Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport
Audits énergétiques - Partie 4: Transport
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16247-4
ICS:
03.100.70 Sistemi vodenja Management systems
03.220.01 Transport na splošno Transport in general
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
oSIST prEN 16247-4:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16247-4:2020
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oSIST prEN 16247-4:2020
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 16247-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2020
ICS 03.120.10; 27.015; 55.020
Will supersede EN 16247-4:2014
English version
Energy audits - Part 4: Transport
Audits énergétiques - Partie 4: Transport Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/CLC/JTC 14.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal

Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any

alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN and CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A

version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own

language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,

Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,

Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification

of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. prEN 16247-4:2020 E

reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Quality requirements .................................................................................................................................... 7

4.1 Qualifications .................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.2 Energy audit process ...................................................................................................................................... 7

4.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.2.2 Operations department cooperation ....................................................................................................... 7

4.2.3 Personnel ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

5 Elements of the energy audit process ...................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Preliminary contact ........................................................................................................................................ 8

5.2 Start-up meeting .............................................................................................................................................. 8

5.3 Collecting data .................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.4 Field work .......................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.5 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................ 10

5.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

5.5.2 Energy performance indicators .............................................................................................................. 11

5.5.3 Transport mode and energy sources .................................................................................................... 11

5.6 Report ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

5.6.2 Content of report .......................................................................................................................................... 12

5.7 Final meeting ................................................................................................................................................. 12

Annex A (normative) Transport sectors ............................................................................................................. 13

Annex B (informative) Sources of information ................................................................................................. 16

Annex C (informative) Example of report plan ................................................................................................. 19

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

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European foreword

This document (EN 16247-4:2xxx) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JTC14

WG 1 “Energy audits”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16247-4:2014.

This Part provides additional material to Part 1 for the Transport sector and should be used in

conjunction with Part 1.

This document is part of the series EN 16247 “Energy audits” which comprises the following:

— Part 1 General requirements;
— Part 2 Buildings;
— Part 3 Processes;
— Part 4 Transport;
— Part 5 Competence of energy auditors.
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Introduction

An energy audit can help an organization to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency.

It can be part of a site wide energy management system.

This document is intended for the energy auditing of mobile assets e.g. vehicles, railways,

marine vessels, aircraft, as well as mobile plant.

Due to the mobility of the assets in transport, energy auditing in this area is especially

challenging. For example, the meetings are harder to organize, the activities involved are harder

to inspect.

The first part of this document harmonizes the procedures for energy auditing in transport

systems. On the other hand, there are certain aspects which are particular to every transport

mode. For example, whereas the mobile assets in road transport are numerous, similar and

replaced frequently, the assets for marine and air transport are large and long-lived.

In order to state the energy auditing features of every transport mode, there is a specific section

for each of them at the end of this document.

Finally, the possibility of planning and selecting the mode of transport (and, sometimes, using

different modes for a unique transport service) is also a specific aspect of the transport activity.

Therefore, this standard will place special attention to this topic.

NOTE An energy audit is not a fiscal method, the term and the nature of an energy audit are defined

in EN 16247-1 Energy Audits.
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1 Scope

This document is used in conjunction with and is supplementary to EN 16247-1, Energy

audits — Part 1: General requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247-1 and

is applied simultaneously.

The procedures described here apply to the different modes of transport (road, rail, marine and

aviation), as well as the different ranges (local- to long-distance) and what is transported (i.e.

goods and people).

This document specifies the requirements, methodology and deliverables specific to energy

audits in the transport sector, every situation in which a displacement is made, no matter who

the operator is (a public or private company or whether the operator is exclusively dedicated to

transport or not), is also addressed in this document.

This document advises on both the optimization of energy within each mode of transport, as

well as selecting the best mode of transport in each situation; the conclusions drawn by the

energy audit can influence decisions on infrastructure and investment e.g. in teleconferencing

or web meetings.

Energy audits of buildings and processes associated with transport can be conducted

respectively with the EN 16247-2 Buildings and EN 16247-3 Processes e.g. pipelines, depots

and escalators/travelators. This part of the standard does not include the infrastructure which

supplies energy e.g. the electricity generation of energy for railways.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their

content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited

applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.
EN 16247-1:2012, Energy audits - Part 1: General requirements

UIC/UNIFE, TEC REC 100 001, Specification and verification of energy consumption for railway

rolling stock, 2010
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN 16247-1 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
transport

activity that implies the movement of people, livestock or goods from one place to another

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3.2
vehicle

object used to perform the transport, may include the container, trailer or carriage where

energy is consumed

Note 1 to entry: This document will use this term, instead of the more general one (audited object),

from part 1 of this standard.
3.3
energy

includes fuels, inclusive of biofuels, electricity inclusive of regenerated/recovered energy from

braking etc

Note 1 to entry: Excludes feedstock energy sources such as Aqueous Urea Solution (for example

‘Adblue™’ ISO 22241-1)
3.4
fleet
group of vehicles
3.5
train set

number of carriages, cars, or trucks which are all connected together and which are pulled by an

engine along a railway
Note 1 to entry: Trains carry people and goods from one place to another.
3.6
operator

person that governs the vehicle operation with his/her own hands, e.g. driver, pilot, helmsman,

etc.(not the organization being audited)
3.7
organization
owner or operator of the fleet of vehicles subject to the audit
3.8
transport service

service provided to a beneficiary for the transport of goods, livestock or of a person from a

departure point to a destination point
3.9
segment

group of vehicles performing the same type of transport; i.e. subset of a fleet having a certain

common feature

Note 1 to entry: The criteria for segment definition depend on the kind of transport the audited

organization performs and the kind of vehicles used. An example might be differentiating the vehicles

performing local distribution as opposed to long distance shipment in two different segments.

3.10
operators’ representative

group of workers in charge of communicating the interest of the operators to the management

of the organization
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3.11
load factor

ratio of the average load or passenger number to total vehicle capacity in tonnes, volume or

seats/standing
4 Quality requirements
4.1 Qualifications

With reference to EN 16247-5 the energy auditor shall have relevant knowledge of the different

modes of transport and energy sources used in transport by the organization subject to the

audit.
4.2 Energy audit process
4.2.1 General

Due to the complexity, mobility and time critical nature of transport operations, the site visit

needs to be done within restrictions for both auditor and operator to allow both parties to

complete their duties, thus this clause (4.2) states distinct requirements to those specified in

EN 16247-1:2012, 4.2.
4.2.2 Operations department cooperation

Transport operations are a complex, time-critical process and being able to audit it without

affecting its final result is imperative.

The organization shall provide the auditor with appropriate access to relevant personnel,

records, documentation or equipment.

The auditor shall agree with the operations department on the needs of both parties to

complete their duties in a proper manner. Failing to do so upfront will put extra difficulties into

the auditing process.

When a sampling method is used, the selected sample of vehicle(s) shall be representative of the

fleet or that part of the fleet.
4.2.3 Personnel

In order to perform the audit in a proper manner, the auditor shall have direct access to people

within the organization in charge of the following areas:
a) Planning. Personnel responsible for logistics and route management;

b) Operations. This department is in charge of organizing the transport operations and

specifically of assigning them to operators and vehicles;

c) Maintenance. These are the people responsible for assuring the availability and good

performance of the vehicles, or granting access to service records if maintenance is

outsourced;

d) Technical and procurement. Those people responsible for vehicle specifications and

acquisition, including sub-contractors and suppliers;
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e) Human resources. It is important for the auditor to understand the views of the staff and

operators as they are critical to the energy consumption reduction process. Moreover,

direct contact with operators is advisable;
f) Operator training department and/or training personnel;

g) Operators. They are one of the keys to eliminating energy wastage and encouraging

ecodriving;

h) Finance. They usually process financial data associated with energy purchases, particularly

important where energy prices vary week by week.
5 Elements of the energy audit process
5.1 Preliminary contact

Due to the dispersed nature of transport, a focus on communication is of paramount

importance. The auditor shall issue a summary of the purpose and main needs of the audit and

communicate this to the people with responsibility for the organization’s transportation. Where

possible, these personnel shall be present at the start-up meeting.

As the audit progresses, the organization shall be informed of the results, deviations and any

outstanding issues. Likewise, the auditor shall communicate with the organization on issues

affecting the conduct of the audit.

The auditor shall require the organization to inform them of any significant changes that would

impact on the energy audit.
5.2 Start-up meeting

Within the restrictions of normal transport operations and where practicable, the organization

shall enable the relevant personnel see Clause 4.2.3 to attend the start-up meeting.

The objective is to define the following points:
—— scope of work: number of sites included, typology of transport;
—— the roles of each, the methodology, the preparation for the field work;

—— designation of the person responsible of the energy audit within the organization ;

—— the mode of travel planning if it is organized;
—— fleet renewal procedures and subscribed maintenance contracts;
—— training offered to staff.
—— the expectations of the audited body.

The auditor selects the types of vehicles to be checked on the site, according to the objective, the

scope of the audit and the level of thoroughness of the energy audit.
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5.3 Collecting data

The auditor shall gather the following information: the energy consumption for every vehicle

during the last year, with intervals that allow for a useful trend analysis (for seasonal analysis or

any other significant factor):
a) criteria used for planning transport operations assignments;
b) description of the routes taken and planning policy;

c) fleet composition: list of all available vehicles along with their age and main technical

features (e.g. vehicle category, fuel type, engine size, emissions rating, ancillaries);

d) operator training conducted for energy consumption reduction (e.g. ecodriving), including

documented records of any resultant reductions;
e) methods of refuelling where appropriate;

f) evidence of the fuel or electricity consumption metering and relevant training given to

operators;

g) energy source pricing documents including historical data over an appropriate period;

h) distance travelled for each vehicle or number of hours of operation during the last year;

i) data regarding goods and passengers to enable the calculation of load factor for the last

year;

j) data to enable the calculation of percentage of productive distance and time from operators

and vehicles;

k) if part of transport is outsourced, the auditor shall make sure the activities are identified

and raise questions about whether details on energy figures were requested and made

available from the sub-contractor;

l) where applicable, criteria for supplier and sub-contractor procurement e.g. energy policy or

performance criteria;

m) maintenance programmes, service and inspection checklists, maintenance records will be

asked for when necessary;

n) policies for vehicle specification, operation, purchase, maintenance, refurbishment and

replacement;
o) actions for development and testing of new techniques and methods of reducing

greenhouse gas emissions by reductions in energy usage or alternative energy sources.

See Annex B – sources of information for data collection
5.4 Field work

The auditor shall conduct an assessment when vehicles are present, the auditor and operations

department personnel shall assess vehicles to observe the issues and opportunities for energy

reduction. Every vehicle selected from the sampling method shall be physically checked, if

needed. This may take place out of normal operating hours as appropriate.
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Where existing historical data are not reliable, a recording device can be used to record the data

of a representative amount of vehicles during an expanded time period, or where available the

vehicles’ on-board computer should be analysed.

Where insufficient data are available, the auditor may ask permission to personally observe at

least one trip (or a significant part of it) for each of the main transportation activities by the

audited organization in order to assess how the energy efficiency could be optimized. During

the trip, the auditor shall either measur
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